Objective Patients with Alzheimer dementia often display poor sleep. Given that the disease is often associated with low endogenous levels of melatonin, exogenous melatonin administration may lead to improvements in sleep. Methods Randomized, placebo controlled study was carried out in 41 patients with probable Alzheimer disease. Melatonin (8. 5 mg immediate release and 1. 5 mg sustained release) (n =24) or placebo (n = 17) administered at 22:00 P. M. for 10 consecutive nights. The protocol sleep was measured continuously using actigraphy. Results There were no significant effects of melatonin,compared with placebo,on sleep and circadian rhythms. Conclusion This study failed to find a beneficial effect of exogenous melatonin.

Objective:To verify the efficacy and safety of daily oral minodronate in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis.Methods:In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 262 postmenopausal women were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive daily oral minodronate 1 mg with supplements of 500 mg calcium and 200 U vitamin D 3 ( n=130) or placebo ( n=132) with daily supplements of 500 mg calcium and 200 U vitamin D 3, for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was the average bone mineral density (BMD) change in the lumbar vertebrae 48 weeks post-treatment. Secondary outcome measures was the incidence of vertebral fractures. Safety assessments included the rate of adverse events. Results:At the end of 48 weeks treatment, the average BMD change rate from baseline were: full analysis set results: (3.52±4.82)% in the minodronate group and (2.00±5.74)% in the placebo group; per-protocol set results: (3.99±5.05)% in the minodronate group and (2.07±6.20)% in the placebo group; the differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Vertebral fracture occured in 3 patients (2.3%, 3/132) in the placebo group, and 1 case (0.8%, 1/130) in the minodronate group ( P>0.05). The incidence of adverse events was 71.5% (93/130) in the minodronate group and 78.0% (103/132) in the placebo group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Minodronate is effective and safe in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis without severe side effects.

Cardiovascular disease has become a serious disease that threatens the health of human beings, cardiac output is an important indicator of cardiovascular function, monitoring cardiac output and related hemodynamic parameters have significant clinical value. This article summarizes the development history, principle, method, advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring technologies from three aspects:invasive, minimally invasive and noninvasive, the development and application of cardiac output monitoring technology are prospected.
Cardiac Output ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation

Defibrillator is an important first aid equipment with people attach importance to life and health in today, people pay more attention to the development of defibrillator. This paper reviews the development history of the defibrillator, gives a brief introduction to the structure and working principle of the defibrillator, and then analyzes the key technology of defibrillator, compares the mainstream products on the market and prospects the development trend of defibrillator.
Defibrillators ; Electric Countershock ; First Aid ; Humans ; Technology ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; therapy

OBJECTIVE To study the effects and mechanisms of serum containing Wenjing Tongluo Decoction on interleukin-1β(IL-1β)-induced mouse primary chondrocyte injury.METHODS The IL-1β-induced primary chondrocyte injury model was estab-lished,and the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,cartilage degradation-related proteases matrix metal-loproteinase 3(MMP3),MMP9,MMP13,ADAM metallopeptidase containing thrombospondin 1 motif 4(ADAMTS4),and glycoly-sis-related enzymes lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2),reduced coenzyme Ⅱ oxidase 2(NOX2)and re-duced coenzyme Ⅱ oxidase 4(NOX4)in the cells was detected;the intracellular MMP3,MMP13,P65,IκB-ζ,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and LDHA protein expression levels were determined;the concentrations of nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA)and lactic acid in the cell supernatant were further detected,and the ratio of the reduced state(NADH)and oxidized state(NAD+)of intracellular coenzyme Ⅰ(NAD),as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were assayed.RESULTS Serum containing Wenjing Tongluo Decoction significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in IL-1β chondrocytes(P＜0.01),reduced the NO concentration in the cell supernatant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and downregulated the protein ex-pression of IκB-ζ(P＜0.05)and P65(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Serum containing Wenjing Tongluo Decoction significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of MMP3,MMP9,MMP13 and ADAMTS4(P＜0.01),and inhibited the protein expression of MMP13(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)and MMP3(P＜0.05).In terms of oxidative stress,it significantly suppressed the production of ROS in chondrocytes,increased the NADH/NAD+ratio,reduced the MDA concentration in the supernatant,and downregulated the expression of HIF-1α protein(P＜0.01).The serum containing Wenjing Tongluo Decoction significantly reduced the lactic acid concentration,downregulated the expression of LDHA,PKM2,NOX2 and NOX4,and reduced the level of intracellular glycolysis(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION The serum containing Wenjing Tongluo Decoction can alleviate IL-1β-induced mouse primary chondrocyte injury by inhibiting inflammation,cartilage degradation,oxidative stress and glycolysis,which may be related to the regulation of IκB-ζ/HIF-1α/LDHA axis.

Background::The association and its population heterogeneities between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remain unknown. We aimed to examine the dose-dependent associations of LDL-C levels with specific types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and heterogeneities in the associations among different population subgroups.Methods::A total of 2,968,462 participants aged 35-75 years from China Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork (ChinaHEART) (2014-2019) were included. Cox proportional hazard models and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to estimate associations between LDL-C categories (<70.0, 70.0-99.9, 100.0-129.9 [reference group], 130.0-159.9, 160.0-189.9, and ≥190.0 mg/dL) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Results::During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, 57,391 and 23,241 deaths from all-cause and overall CVD were documented. We observed J-shaped associations between LDL-C and death from all-cause, overall CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischemic stroke, and an L-shaped association between LDL-C and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) mortality ( P for non-linearity <0.001). Compared with the reference group (100.0-129.9 mg/dL), very low LDL-C levels (<70.0 mg/dL) were significantly associated with increased risk of overall CVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.14) and HS mortality (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.29-1.45). Very high LDL-C levels (≥190.0 mg/dL) were associated with increased risk of overall CVD (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.40-1.62) and CHD mortality (HR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.92-2.24). The stronger associations of very low LDL-C with risk of CVD mortality were observed in individuals with older age, low or normal body mass index, low or moderate 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk, and those without diagnosed CVD or taking statins. Stronger associations between very high LDL-C levels and all-cause and CVD mortality were observed in younger people. Conclusions::People with very low LDL-C had a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and HS mortality; those with very high LDL-C had a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. On the basis of our findings, comprehensive health assessment is needed to evaluate cardiovascular risk and implement appropriate lipid-lowering therapy for people with very low LDL-C.