BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has extensive pharmacological basis for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury, and animal experiments for treatment of brain injury by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation are ongoing. However, little is reported about the combined use of PNS and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on traumatic brain injury in rats.
METHODS:Traumatic brain injury models were made in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats by hydraulic shock method. Then, model rats were randomized into model group, cel transplantation group receiving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation and combined treatment group undergoing PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. Nerve function recovery of the rats and protein expression of nerve growth factor in the brain tissue were evaluated and detected by Bederson scoring and western blot methods, respectively. Morphological changes of the brain tissue and apoptosis in cortical neurons were observed and detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Highest Bederson score was found in the model group, fol owed by the cel transplantation group and combined treatment group (P<0.05), while the protein expression of nerve growth factor was ranked as fol ows:the combined treatment group>the cel transplantation group>the model group (P<0.05). Inflammatory infiltration and brain edema in the brain were relieved markedly in the combined treatment group compared with the other two groups, and the number of apoptotic neurons was significantly reduced as wel . Our findings suggest that PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can promote neurological recovery from traumatic brain injury by increasing the expression of nerve growth factor and reducing neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the relationship between breakfast frequency and dyslipidemia in residents over 40 years old in Yiling area of Yichang City in Hubei Province. Methods A random sampling was conducted, and 10 420 inhabitants were investigated during 2011 to 2012. Results The morbidity of dyslipidemia was 64. 0%. It was significantly higher in female than in male (65. 9% vs 60. 6%). Compared with regular breakfast eaters, non-breakfast eaters had significantly higher morbidity of higher blood low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and hypertriglyceridemia(P<0. 05). The risk of elevated serum LDL-C was higher in the non-breakfast eaters group(OR=2. 382, 95%CI 1. 300-4. 367, P=0. 019) after adjusted by age, sex, smoking, drinking, etc. Conclusions Compared with regular breakfast eaters, breakfast skippers had significantly higher morbidity of dyslipidemia. Eating breakfast on daily basis may have a significant protective effect on preventing dyslipidemia.

Cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into 4 groups:normal control( NG ),persistent high glucose ( HG ),hyperglycemia group ( TG ),and mannitol control ( MA )groups.After 1,4,and 7 days of culture,cells were collected.Cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,ROS,SOD,MDA,and NO level,eNOS mRNA and protein level were measured.Endothelial cell proliferation was inhibited in HG,TG,and MA groups compared with NG group.Hyperglycemia memory induced apoptosis of endothelial cells,increased ROS and MDA generation,and down-regulated intracellular SOD level,findings similar to those in HG group.After 24 h of culturing,eNOS expression and NO generation in both HG and TG groups were higher than those in NG group.However,after 7 days of culturing,eNOS expression and NO generation in both HG and TG groups were lower than those in NG group.These results suggest that in hyperglycemia memory cell model,transient hyperglysemia may lead to persistent imbalance in oxidative stress and reduce endothelium-derived relaxing factor NO level,indicating that hyperglycemia memory may play an important role in persistent vascular endothelial cell injury.

Wistar rats(n=24) were divided into normal control group(NC), food restriction group(FR), and catch-up group(RN). Serum glucose,lipids, gastrin, the ratio of visceral fat to body fat, adipocyte CCK2R mRNA and protein levels were determined. Compared with NC group, FR rats had lower serum gastrin and visceral fat formation. The adipocyte CCK2R mRNA and protein levels of FR rats were lower than those of NC rats. Serum gastrin level of RN rats was higher than those of FR and NC rats(P＜0.05). The ratio of visceral fat to body fat in RN rats increased compared with FR rats and was close to that of NC rats. The adipocyte CCK2R mRNA and protein levels of RN rats were higher than those of FR and NC rats. Gastrin and its receptor pathway possibly play a role in the mechanism of visceral fat accumulation in catch-up rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of adult catch-up growth on insulin sensitivity and stress in rats, as well as the probable mechanism of insulin resistance. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups:caloric restriction group ( R4, caloric restriction for 4 weeks) and normal controls for 4 weeks ( NC4 ) ; catchup growth group refed with normal chow( RN4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks), catch-up growth group refed with high-fat diet( RH4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks ), normal chow (NC8) or high-fat diet( HF8 ) controls for 8 weeks. The animal model of catch-up growth was devoloped by way of refeeding after caloric restriction as scheduled. The glucose infusion rate( GIR ), 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulinsitmulated insulin signaling in skeletal muscle during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, plasma corticosterone, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 11β-HSD1 ) mRNA expression level in skeletal muscle were determined.ResultsAfter caloric restriction for 4 weeks, plasma corticosterone and 1 1 β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle were significantly higher in R4 group compared with NC4 group( both P＜0. 05 ), but there were no differences in 2-deoxyglucose uptake and Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle between two groups. The plasma corticosterone and 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle in RN4 group were significantly higher than those in NC8 group, and were higher in RH4 group than those in NC8 and HF8 groups; while the 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulin-stimulated Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle during the clamp in RN4 were remarkably lower than those in NC8 group, and were lower in RH4 than those in NC8, HF8, and RN4 groups (all P ＜ 0. 05 ).ConctusionsCatch-up growth rats refed with normal chow or high-fat diet are characterized by significant insulin resistance and stress in the whole body and skeletal muscle. These changes are more evident in catch-up growth rats refed with high-fat diet. The interaction of increased stress and diet might be of utmost importance in the etiology of insulin resistance in catch-up growth animals.

Compassion is an important part of nurses'professional quality,and it is also the basis of effective nurse-patient communication and humanistic care.Improving nurses'compassion is helpful to provide high-quality nursing services to patients.This study reviews the definition of compassion,the factors affecting compassion and the training methods to improve compassion,analyzes the shortcomings of existing training methods,and puts forward the prospects for future research,so as to provide a theoretical foundation for future compassion training among nurses.

Background and objective Low-dose spiral computed tomography(LDCT)has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations.However,evidence from Chinese populations was limited due to the dif-ferent criteria for high-risk populations and the short-term follow-up period.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness in Chinese adults based on the Lung Cancer Screening Program in Minhang District of Shanghai initiated in 2013.Methods A total of 26,124 subjects aged 40 years or above were enrolled in the Lung Cancer Screening Program during the period of 2013 and 2017.Results of LDCT examination,and screen-detected cancer cases in all participants were obtained from the Report-ing System of the Lung Cancer Screening Program.The newly-diagnosed cases and their vital status up to December 31,2020 were identified through a record linkage with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics.Standardized incidence ratio(SIR)and 95％CI were calculated using the local population at ages of 40 or above as the reference.Proportions of early-stage cancer(stage 0-Ⅰ),pathological types,and 5-year observed survival rates of lung cancer cases were estimated and compared between the cases derived from the screened and non-screened populations.Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the hazard ratio(HR)and 95％CI of LDCT screening with all-cause death of the lung cancer cases.Results The crude and age-standardized incidence of lung cancer in screened population were 373.3(95％CI:343.1-406.1)and 70.3 per 100,000 person-years,respectively,with an SIR of 1.8(95％CI:1.6-1.9),which was observed to decrease with following-up time.The early-stage cancer accounted for 49.4％of all lung cancer cases derived from the screened population,significantly higher than 38.4％in cases from the non-screened population during the same period(P＜0.05).The proportion of lung adenocarcinoma(40.7％vs 35.9％)and 5-year survival rate(53.7％vs 41.5％)were also significantly higher in the cases from the screened popu-lation(all P＜0.05).LDCT screening was associated with 30％(HR=0.7,95％CI:0.6-0.8)reduced all-cause deaths of the cases.Conclusion The participants of the screening program are at high-risk of lung cancer.LDCT favors the early-detection of lung cancer and improves 5-year survival of the screened cases,indicating a great potential of LDCT in reducing the disease burden of lung cancer in Chinese populations.

Purpose: The prevalence of psychological distress is frequently observed among old adults with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, current researches are insufficient to clarify the correlation among these relevant factors. This study examined the effects of symptom burden, psychological resilience, coping styles, and social support on psychological distress. Methods: Two hundred fifty five elderly patients with AECOPD were conveniently selected in Taian, Shandong Province. The General Information Questionnaire, Distress Thermometer, The Revised Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate. The relationship among factors was estimated by using a structural equation model. Results: Psychological distress score of elderly patients with AECOPD was (5.25 ± 1.01); coping styles, psychological resilience, symptom burden, and social support directly affected psychological distress (thedirect effects were À.93, .17, .17, and À.09); coping styles had the largest total effect on psychological distress (the total effect was À.93); psychological resilience indirectly affected psychological distress through coping styles (the indirect effect was À.74); symptom burden indirectly affected psychologicaldistress through psychological resilience (the indirect effect was .25); social support indirectly affected psychological distress through symptom burden, psychological resilience, and coping styles (the indirecteffect was À.80). Conclusion The psychological distress of elderly patients with AECOPD is at a moderate level; coping styles, psychological resilience, and social support have positive effects on alleviating the psychological distress of elderly patients with AECOPD; symptom burden is negatively correlated with psychological distress.Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to elderly patients with AECOPD who are particularly prone to experience higher levels of psychological distress, especially in the presence of low coping style, limited psychological resilience, inadequate levels of social support, and high symptom burden.

Purpose: The prevalence of psychological distress is frequently observed among old adults with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, current researches are insufficient to clarify the correlation among these relevant factors. This study examined the effects of symptom burden, psychological resilience, coping styles, and social support on psychological distress. Methods: Two hundred fifty five elderly patients with AECOPD were conveniently selected in Taian, Shandong Province. The General Information Questionnaire, Distress Thermometer, The Revised Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate. The relationship among factors was estimated by using a structural equation model. Results: Psychological distress score of elderly patients with AECOPD was (5.25 ± 1.01); coping styles, psychological resilience, symptom burden, and social support directly affected psychological distress (thedirect effects were À.93, .17, .17, and À.09); coping styles had the largest total effect on psychological distress (the total effect was À.93); psychological resilience indirectly affected psychological distress through coping styles (the indirect effect was À.74); symptom burden indirectly affected psychologicaldistress through psychological resilience (the indirect effect was .25); social support indirectly affected psychological distress through symptom burden, psychological resilience, and coping styles (the indirecteffect was À.80). Conclusion The psychological distress of elderly patients with AECOPD is at a moderate level; coping styles, psychological resilience, and social support have positive effects on alleviating the psychological distress of elderly patients with AECOPD; symptom burden is negatively correlated with psychological distress.Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to elderly patients with AECOPD who are particularly prone to experience higher levels of psychological distress, especially in the presence of low coping style, limited psychological resilience, inadequate levels of social support, and high symptom burden.

Purpose: The prevalence of psychological distress is frequently observed among old adults with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, current researches are insufficient to clarify the correlation among these relevant factors. This study examined the effects of symptom burden, psychological resilience, coping styles, and social support on psychological distress. Methods: Two hundred fifty five elderly patients with AECOPD were conveniently selected in Taian, Shandong Province. The General Information Questionnaire, Distress Thermometer, The Revised Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate. The relationship among factors was estimated by using a structural equation model. Results: Psychological distress score of elderly patients with AECOPD was (5.25 ± 1.01); coping styles, psychological resilience, symptom burden, and social support directly affected psychological distress (thedirect effects were À.93, .17, .17, and À.09); coping styles had the largest total effect on psychological distress (the total effect was À.93); psychological resilience indirectly affected psychological distress through coping styles (the indirect effect was À.74); symptom burden indirectly affected psychologicaldistress through psychological resilience (the indirect effect was .25); social support indirectly affected psychological distress through symptom burden, psychological resilience, and coping styles (the indirecteffect was À.80). Conclusion The psychological distress of elderly patients with AECOPD is at a moderate level; coping styles, psychological resilience, and social support have positive effects on alleviating the psychological distress of elderly patients with AECOPD; symptom burden is negatively correlated with psychological distress.Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to elderly patients with AECOPD who are particularly prone to experience higher levels of psychological distress, especially in the presence of low coping style, limited psychological resilience, inadequate levels of social support, and high symptom burden.