BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has extensive pharmacological basis for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury, and animal experiments for treatment of brain injury by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation are ongoing. However, little is reported about the combined use of PNS and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on traumatic brain injury in rats.
METHODS:Traumatic brain injury models were made in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats by hydraulic shock method. Then, model rats were randomized into model group, cel transplantation group receiving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation and combined treatment group undergoing PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. Nerve function recovery of the rats and protein expression of nerve growth factor in the brain tissue were evaluated and detected by Bederson scoring and western blot methods, respectively. Morphological changes of the brain tissue and apoptosis in cortical neurons were observed and detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Highest Bederson score was found in the model group, fol owed by the cel transplantation group and combined treatment group (P<0.05), while the protein expression of nerve growth factor was ranked as fol ows:the combined treatment group>the cel transplantation group>the model group (P<0.05). Inflammatory infiltration and brain edema in the brain were relieved markedly in the combined treatment group compared with the other two groups, and the number of apoptotic neurons was significantly reduced as wel . Our findings suggest that PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can promote neurological recovery from traumatic brain injury by increasing the expression of nerve growth factor and reducing neuronal apoptosis.

Cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into 4 groups:normal control( NG ),persistent high glucose ( HG ),hyperglycemia group ( TG ),and mannitol control ( MA )groups.After 1,4,and 7 days of culture,cells were collected.Cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,ROS,SOD,MDA,and NO level,eNOS mRNA and protein level were measured.Endothelial cell proliferation was inhibited in HG,TG,and MA groups compared with NG group.Hyperglycemia memory induced apoptosis of endothelial cells,increased ROS and MDA generation,and down-regulated intracellular SOD level,findings similar to those in HG group.After 24 h of culturing,eNOS expression and NO generation in both HG and TG groups were higher than those in NG group.However,after 7 days of culturing,eNOS expression and NO generation in both HG and TG groups were lower than those in NG group.These results suggest that in hyperglycemia memory cell model,transient hyperglysemia may lead to persistent imbalance in oxidative stress and reduce endothelium-derived relaxing factor NO level,indicating that hyperglycemia memory may play an important role in persistent vascular endothelial cell injury.

Wistar rats(n=24) were divided into normal control group(NC), food restriction group(FR), and catch-up group(RN). Serum glucose,lipids, gastrin, the ratio of visceral fat to body fat, adipocyte CCK2R mRNA and protein levels were determined. Compared with NC group, FR rats had lower serum gastrin and visceral fat formation. The adipocyte CCK2R mRNA and protein levels of FR rats were lower than those of NC rats. Serum gastrin level of RN rats was higher than those of FR and NC rats(P＜0.05). The ratio of visceral fat to body fat in RN rats increased compared with FR rats and was close to that of NC rats. The adipocyte CCK2R mRNA and protein levels of RN rats were higher than those of FR and NC rats. Gastrin and its receptor pathway possibly play a role in the mechanism of visceral fat accumulation in catch-up rats.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the relationship between breakfast frequency and dyslipidemia in residents over 40 years old in Yiling area of Yichang City in Hubei Province. Methods A random sampling was conducted, and 10 420 inhabitants were investigated during 2011 to 2012. Results The morbidity of dyslipidemia was 64. 0%. It was significantly higher in female than in male (65. 9% vs 60. 6%). Compared with regular breakfast eaters, non-breakfast eaters had significantly higher morbidity of higher blood low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and hypertriglyceridemia(P<0. 05). The risk of elevated serum LDL-C was higher in the non-breakfast eaters group(OR=2. 382, 95%CI 1. 300-4. 367, P=0. 019) after adjusted by age, sex, smoking, drinking, etc. Conclusions Compared with regular breakfast eaters, breakfast skippers had significantly higher morbidity of dyslipidemia. Eating breakfast on daily basis may have a significant protective effect on preventing dyslipidemia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of adult catch-up growth on insulin sensitivity and stress in rats, as well as the probable mechanism of insulin resistance. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups:caloric restriction group ( R4, caloric restriction for 4 weeks) and normal controls for 4 weeks ( NC4 ) ; catchup growth group refed with normal chow( RN4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks), catch-up growth group refed with high-fat diet( RH4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks ), normal chow (NC8) or high-fat diet( HF8 ) controls for 8 weeks. The animal model of catch-up growth was devoloped by way of refeeding after caloric restriction as scheduled. The glucose infusion rate( GIR ), 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulinsitmulated insulin signaling in skeletal muscle during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, plasma corticosterone, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 11β-HSD1 ) mRNA expression level in skeletal muscle were determined.ResultsAfter caloric restriction for 4 weeks, plasma corticosterone and 1 1 β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle were significantly higher in R4 group compared with NC4 group( both P＜0. 05 ), but there were no differences in 2-deoxyglucose uptake and Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle between two groups. The plasma corticosterone and 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle in RN4 group were significantly higher than those in NC8 group, and were higher in RH4 group than those in NC8 and HF8 groups; while the 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulin-stimulated Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle during the clamp in RN4 were remarkably lower than those in NC8 group, and were lower in RH4 than those in NC8, HF8, and RN4 groups (all P ＜ 0. 05 ).ConctusionsCatch-up growth rats refed with normal chow or high-fat diet are characterized by significant insulin resistance and stress in the whole body and skeletal muscle. These changes are more evident in catch-up growth rats refed with high-fat diet. The interaction of increased stress and diet might be of utmost importance in the etiology of insulin resistance in catch-up growth animals.

Compassion is an important part of nurses'professional quality,and it is also the basis of effective nurse-patient communication and humanistic care.Improving nurses'compassion is helpful to provide high-quality nursing services to patients.This study reviews the definition of compassion,the factors affecting compassion and the training methods to improve compassion,analyzes the shortcomings of existing training methods,and puts forward the prospects for future research,so as to provide a theoretical foundation for future compassion training among nurses.

Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of compound wild chrysanthemum eye pad on blue light-induced alteration of meibomian gland function in mice and its mechanism.Methods:Sixty-four 15-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups of 32 mice each according to random numbers for the prevention test and the treatment test.The respective 32 mice in the prevention and treatment experiments were randomly divided into normal group, blue light group, solvent group and eye pad group according to random numbers, with eight mice in each group, respectively.In the prevention experiments, mice in each group were exposed to blue light at a wavelength of 460 nm and a light intensity of 2 000 lx for 6 hours per day for 15 consecutive days to establish a mouse model of meibomian gland function changes except for the normal group.The solvent group and the eye pad group were treated with the corresponding eye pad before and after the blue light exposure for 25 minutes daily for the 15 consecutive days.The blue light group was treated with blue light exposure only for 15 days, and the mice were photographed at the edge of the meibomian gland on day 15 to observe the function of the meibomian gland except for the normal group.In the treatment test, all groups of mice except the normal group were induced the altered function of the mouse meibomian gland by the above method.The solvent and eye pad groups were treated with corresponding eye pads for 25 minutes in the morning and afternoon of each day for 15 consecutive days after blue light exposure.The blue light group was kept in a standard environment for 15 days and the changes in meibomian gland function of mice were detected by meibomian gland photographs on day 15.Photography of the eyelid margin in vitro, oil red O staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to observe the histologic changes in the meibomian glands of mice after the preventive and experimental treatment.The relative expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA in mouse meibomian gland tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of NF-κB (p-NF-κB) proteins in mice meibomian gland tissues was detected by Western blot to assess the degree of amelioration of blue light-induced inflammation in mouse meibomian glands by the compound wild chrysanthemum eye pad.This study was conducted in accordance with the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology on the Use of Animals in Ophthalmology and Vision Research, and was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xiamen University (No.XMULAC20220258). Results:Compared with the normal group, a gradually increased number of blocked meibomian gland openings, and a gradually decreased remaining area of lower meibomian gland, were observed in the mice after 15 days of blue light group, and all the differences were statistically different (all at P<0.05). In the prevention test, the number of obstructed opening in the eye pad group was 1.833±0.753, which was significantly less than 3.667±1.033 in the solvent group ( P<0.05). The relative remaining area of the lower lid meibomian gland in the eye pad group was 0.718±0.091, which was significantly greater than 0.624±0.130 in the solvent group ( P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse meibomian gland in the blue light and solvent groups.There was no inflammatory cell infiltration in eye pad group, and the morphology of the acini was similar to that of the normal group.Oil red O staining showed that there was no significant lipid deposition in the groups.The relative expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ mRNA were significantly lower, and the relative expressions of NF-κB and p-NF-κB proteins were significantly lower in the eye pad group than in the solvent group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). In the treatment test, the number of obstructed openings in the eye pad group and solvent group was 4.333±1.211 and 4.833±1.722, respectively, and the relative remaining area of the lower meibomian gland was 0.572±0.151 and 0.588±0.154, respectively, showing no statistically significant differences (both at P>0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse meibomian glands in the blue light and solvent groups, with a similar morphology of acini as in the normal group.There was no inflammatory cell infiltration in eye pad group.Oil red O staining showed that there was no significant lipid deposition in the groups.The relative expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ mRNA were significantly lower and the relative expressions of NF-κB and p-NF-κB proteins were significantly lower in the eye pad group than in the solvent group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Compound wild chrysanthemum eye pad may have preventive and therapeutic effects on blue light-induced changes in meibomian gland function by reducing the inflammatory response of meibomian gland tissue through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Adult ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Liver ; enzymology

Objective:To evaluate the value of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)/renin concentration (PRC) ratio (ARR) combined with aldosterone, renin, and sodium/potassium ratio in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA).Methods:From January 2017 to October 2019, 105 patients were admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as PA and essential hypertension (EH) by clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and surgical pathological biopsy.The optimum cut-off point of ARR, PRC, PAC, plasma sodium-potassium ratio were determined by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). The sensitivity, specificity and Youden index at the optimum cut-off point were calculated in a separate test. By means of diagnostic test, the best cut-off points of ARR were tested in series with the best cut-off points of PRC, PAC and serum sodium/potassium ratio, respectively, and their specificity were calculated.Results:The area under the AUC of supine ARR was greater than that of vertical ARR (0.966 vs 0.946, Z= 1.380, P= 0.168), but there was no statistical difference. The optimum cut-off point of supine ARR was 28.64(pg/ml)/(pg/ml), with a sensitivity of 92.4% and specificity of 90.5%. The sensitivity of the combined PRC test was 79.0% and the specificity was 94.3%. The sensitivity of the combined PAC test was 65.7% and the specificity was 95.2%. The sensitivity of the combined serum sodium/potassium ratio was 50.5% and the specificity was 96.2%. The optimal cut-off of vertical ARR was 22.10 (pg/ml)/(pg/ml), with 91.4% specificity and 85.7% specificity. The sensitivity of vertical ARR combined with PRC was 78.1%, specificity was 89.5%. The sensitivity of combined PAC was 74.3%, specificity was 92.4%, and the sensitivity of combined sodium/potassium ratio was 50.5%, specificity was 95.2%. Conclusions:There was little difference in the diagnostic performance of PA between vertical and supine ARR values. The specificity of PA screening by ARR alone was high, and the specificity and accuracy of PA diagnosis could be improved by combining PRC, PAC and sodium/potassium ratio.

BACKGROUND: Low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations. However, evidence from Chinese populations was limited due to the different criteria for high-risk populations and the short-term follow-up period. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness in Chinese adults based on the Lung Cancer Screening Program in Minhang District of Shanghai initiated in 2013. METHODS: A total of 26,124 subjects aged 40 years or above were enrolled in the Lung Cancer Screening Program during the period of 2013 and 2017. Results of LDCT examination, and screen-detected cancer cases in all participants were obtained from the Reporting System of the Lung Cancer Screening Program. The newly-diagnosed cases and their vital status up to December 31, 2020 were identified through a record linkage with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95%CI were calculated using the local population at ages of 40 or above as the reference. Proportions of early-stage cancer (stage 0-I), pathological types, and 5-year observed survival rates of lung cancer cases were estimated and compared between the cases derived from the screened and non-screened populations. Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI of LDCT screening with all-cause death of the lung cancer cases. RESULTS: The crude and age-standardized incidence of lung cancer in screened population were 373.3 (95%CI: 343.1-406.1) and 70.3 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, with an SIR of 1.8 (95%CI: 1.6-1.9), which was observed to decrease with following-up time. The early-stage cancer accounted for 49.4% of all lung cancer cases derived from the screened population, significantly higher than 38.4% in cases from the non-screened population during the same period (P<0.05). The proportion of lung adenocarcinoma (40.7% vs 35.9%) and 5-year survival rate (53.7% vs 41.5%) were also significantly higher in the cases from the screened population (all P<0.05). LDCT screening was associated with 30% (HR=0.7, 95%CI: 0.6-0.8) reduced all-cause deaths of the cases. CONCLUSIONS The participants of the screening program are at high-risk of lung cancer. LDCT favors the early-detection of lung cancer and improves 5-year survival of the screened cases, indicating a great potential of LDCT in reducing the disease burden of lung cancer in Chinese populations.
Adult ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; China/epidemiology* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods* ; Mass Screening