There are a large amount of neural stem cells in the olfactory system which have an active proliferation, ongoing and direc-tional differentiation and migration in order to adapt to the changing environment. The clinical findings showed that the early stages of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease all presented dysosmia. In recent years, the relationship be-tween air pollution and dysosmia attracts public concerns. This article introduced some research progresses in this field.

The gene fragment encoding the egg-shell precursor protein of Schistosoma japonicum was amplified with RT-PCR by using PCR primer designed according to the 423 bp cDNA fragment of the Philippine strain of S.japonicum, the corresponding mDNA fragment of Chinese strain as template and then the 5' and 3' ends of this gene cDNA were amplified with 5' RACE and 3' RACE by using a series of primers designed according to the result of sequencing. Result of sequence analysis showed that this fragment, named as Sj423, contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of gene encoding the egg-shell precursor protein of S.japonicum.(Chinese strain). As demonstrated by sequencing analysis. No intron could be detected in this gene fragment. This gene was subsequently expressed in E.coli after cloning into the expression vector pET28c(+). The molecular mass of the expressed product of this gene was 20.9 kDa as revealed by SDS-PAGE analysis, and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein expressed could react well with the rabbit antiserum against the worm antigen of S.japonicum;indicating the good antigenicity of this expressed product.

Two recombinant plasmids pVAX/Sj23 and pVAX/mIL-18 containing Schistosoma japonicum 23 000 membrane protein (Sj23) and murine IL-18 were evaluated for their ability to induce immune responses and to protect against S. japonicum challenge in mice. All animals vaccinated with pVAX/Sj23 alone or plus pVAX/mIL-18 developed specific anti-SWAP (soluble worm antigen preparation) ELISA antibody and splenocyte proliferation response,and co-injection of pVAX/mIL-18 significantly increased the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 compared with pVAX/Sj23 alone, indicating that IL-18 enhances the Th1-dominant immune response. The challenge experiment showed that worm reduction rates in pVAX/Sj23 group compared with control group (pVAX1) was 26.5% and in the pVAX/Sj23 plus pVAX/mIL-18 group was 41.9% ,and the hepatic egg reduction rates were 42.7 and 49.6%,respectively. These results indicated that co-injection of an IL-18 plasmid with Sj23 DNA vaccine efficiently improves the protective effect against S. japonicum infection.

Objective To test the protective immunity in mice induced by recombinant Schistosoma japonicum Sj14FABP through several adjuvant formulations. Methods The recombinant Schistosoma japonicum Sj14FABP was prepared by expression in E. coli as a GST fusion protein (rSj14/GST) and used to vaccinate outbred Kunming mice by using complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA)/incomplete Freund's adjuvant (FIA), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and the immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) as adjuvant respectively. Results The purified recombinant protein rSj14/GST was immunogenic in mice, and 34.3% and 36.0% worm reduction rates were obtained in outbred Kunming mice immunized intradermally with BCG adjuvant and immunized subcutaneously with ISCOM adjuvant respectively, compared with non-vaccinated control group. However, intramuscularly vaccination with rSj14/GST in FCA/FIA was not protective, although the high level of IgG antibody was induced. Conclusion Both BCG and ISCOM are suitable adjuvants for rSj14/GST.

Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and post-operative stress response in patients undergoing laparoscopic general anesthesia. Methods: From May 2018 to December 2018, 98 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic general anesthesia in the 903rd Hospital of PLA Joint Service Support Force were selected.They were divided into group D (50 cases) and group C (48 cases) according to random number table method.Group D continued to pump dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.2 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 10 min before induction of anesthesia until the operation was completed.After that, group C was given normal saline of equal volume.The time of pneumoperitoneum, operation anesthesia time and recovery of anesthesia, the levels of plasma adrenaline, norepinephrine and cortisol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) before administration (T0), at intubation (T1), at the beginning of pneumoperitoneum (T2), at extubation (T3) and at 5 min after extubation (T4) were compared between the two groups.The incidences of adverse reactions were observed in both two groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in pneumoperitoneum time, operation anesthesia time and anesthesia recovery time between the two groups (all P>0.05). The SBP, DBP and HR in group C were significantly higher than those in group T0 at T1-T3 (all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in SBP, DBP and HR in group D (all P>0.05), and the SBP, DBP and HR in group C were significantly higher than those in group D (all P<0.05). The levels of adrenaline, norepinephrine and cortisol at T1-T4 in the two groups were significantly higher than those at T0 (all P<0.05), while the levels of adrenaline, norepinephrine and cortisol at T1-T4 in group D were significantly lower than those in group C (all P<0.05). The incidence of hypertension in group C[33.33%(14/48)] was significantly higher than that in group D[8.00%(4/50)] (χ²=9.676, P<0.05). Conclusion Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic general anesthesia can effectively enhance the hemodynamic stability of patients, reduce intraoperative stress response and reduce the incidence of intraoperative hypertension, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To express the gene encoding mature protease of Schistosoma japonicum asparaginyl endopeptidase (Sj32) and evaluate the potential of the recombinant protein rSj32 in diagnosis of domestic animal schistosomiasis. Methods The DNA fragment encoding mature protease of Schistosoma japonicum asparaginyl endopeptidase was cloned with PCR from pET-28(a)/Sj32, and a recombinant plasmid was previously constructed in the laboratory, which contained the ORF of the gene encoding the pro-enzyme Sj32. The amplified DNA fragment was subcloned into pET-28a( + ) and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) to express the mature protease of Sj32. Then the recombinant antigen (rSj32) was used in ELISA assay to diagnose schistosomiasis of mice, rabbits and water buffalo artificially infected. The detection effects of soluble Schistosoma japonicum egg antigen (SEA) , rSj32 and the recombinant 23 KDa membrane protein were compared. Results The recombinant antigen rSj32 with a molecular weight 41 KDa was successfully produced in E. coli BL21 ( DE3) and was purified with His Column with a yield of 25 mg/L E. coli culture. By using rSj32 as coating antigen in ELISA assay to detect the specific antibody in artificially infected mice, rabbits and buffalo, the sensitivities were 88.9% , 85.0% and 71.8% , respectively, the specificities were 100% , 96.7% and 96. 9% , respectively. There were no significant differences among the detection results of rSj32, SEA and rSj23. Conclusion rSj32 is a promising antigen for serological diagnosis of domestic animal schistosomiasis.

Objective To screen protective antigen genes and construct the T7 phage display library from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum.Methods Total RNA was extracted from adult worms of S.japonicum by Trizol reagent and mRNA was isolated from the total RNA.The ds cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription using random primer.Directional EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ linkers were ligated into the ends of ds cDNA and the ds cDNA was digested with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ,which resulted in ds cDNA with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ adhering ends.The digested ds cDNA fragments longer than 300 bp in length were fractionated and ligated into T7 Select 10-3b vector.After packaging in vitro,the T7 Select 10-3b vector was transformed into BLT5403 to construct the T7 phage display cDNA library.Plaque assay and PCR were used to evaluate the library.Seven known objective genes of S.japonicum were screened by PCR to detect the representation of the library.Result Primary library capacity was 4.98?106 pfu,and the titer of amplified library was 3.85?1011 pfu/mL.The PCR identification result of 96 clones picked at random showed that recombination rate was 93.8%,in which 95.6% inserted cDNA fragments were longer than 300 bp in length.All the seven known objective genes of S.japonicum were amplified from the library.Conclusion The T7 phage display library from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum was constructed.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and unstable carotid plaque.Methods:From February 2021 to May 2021, adult patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic and related clinical data were collected. Carotid artery plaques were detected by ultrasound, and the subjects were divided into a stable plaque group and an unstable plaque group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent risk factors for unstable carotid plaques. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of TC/HDL-C ratio for unstable carotid plaques. Results:A total of 362 patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque were enrolled, including 226 (62.43%) in the stable plaque group and 136 (37.57%) in the unstable plaque group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, only TC/HDL-C ratio was the independent risk factor for unstable carotid plaque (taking the 1 st quintile array of TC/HDL-C ratio as a reference, the 4 th quintile array: odds ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 1.50-6.55, P=0.002; the 5 th quintile array: odds ratio 6.75, 95% confidence interval 3.21-14.22, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of TC/HDL-C ratio for predicting unstable carotid plaque was 0.691 (95% confidence interval 0.634-0.748; P<0.001), the optimal cut-off value was 4.38, and the sensitivity and specificity were 50.0% and 82.7%, respectively. Conclusion:TC/HDL-C ratio is an independent risk factor for unstable carotid plaques and has a certain predictive value for unstable carotid plaques.

Objective To look for the genes of Schistosoma japonicum related to the Schistosoma-resistance of Microtus fortis.Methods The fresh sera of Microtus fortis were used to screen a T7 phage display cDNA library from worms of Schistosoma japonicum established in our lab.The positive clones were sequenced and functionally analysed through bioinformatics.Results The specific phages binding to the sera of Microtus fortis were enriched 857-fold after three rounds of biopanning,and 58 positive clones picked at random were sequenced and 10 ESTs were obtained.BLASTn results showed that 7 ESTs had 99%-100% similarity to the genes of Shistosoma japonicum reported in GenBank and 1 EST had 82% similarity to a zinc finger protein encoden gene from Pan troglodytes.The results of these ESTs function prediction indicated most of them were involved in the regulation of gene expresion of Schistosoma japonicum.Conclusions Several target genes of Schistosoma japonicum related to the Schistosoma-resistance of Microtus fortis are obtained and those would lay foundation to expatiate the native resistance mechnism of Microtus fortis to Schistosoma japonicum.

Objective: To determine the influencing factors of electronic screen time of urban preschoolers before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, so as to provide a scientific basis for the control of digital screen use and early prevention of myopia among preschoolers. Methods: Using multi stage cluster random sampling method, a cross sectional survey of 8 244 kindergarten students in a district of Shanghai was implemented, through parent questionnaire collecting the time child spent on various electronic screens before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, estimated the weighting screen time, and emphatically analyzed the relationship between family electronic screen supervision behavior and preschoolers weighting screen time. Results: The proportion of daily over use time on average of mobile phones, computers and TV/projection screens among the surveyed preschool children during COVID-19 was 30.52%, 51.40% and 56.82%, respectively. On school days before the epidemic, the proportion was 21.94%, 41.80% and 47.51% respectively. After controlling for primary covariates, parents frequent control of children s electronic screen use, parents guidance for electronic screen use were significantly associated with lower weighted screen refractive time ( OR =0.60-0.77, P < 0.05 ). The use of electronic screen when parents accompanied their children, the use of electronic screen time by parents but not strictly implemented were significantly associated with higher weighted screen refractive time and increased screen refractive time ( OR =1.18-1.80, P <0.05). Conclusion Urban preschoolers electronic screen time was high during and before COVID-19. In the control measures of preschool children s electronic screen time, attention should be paid to the management of electronic screen use within the family and parents role model.