Objective To investigate the status of community type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease,analyze the influencing factors and put forward nursing countermeasures.Methods 210 type 2 diabetic patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled in the investigation.ABI and arterial peak velocity were measured using Doppler blood flow detector,symptoms and signs of foot were assessed and related laboratory examinations,including HbA1c,HDL-C,LDL-C were tested.Results There were 49 cases of ABI ＜ 0.9.The proportion of abnormal color of foot skin,edema,abnormal pulsation of dorsal artery of foot and sense of coldness in group of ABI ＜ 0.9 were larger than group of ABI≥0.9.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the pain at rest and intermittent claudication.Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age and LDL-C not up to the standard were risk factors of PAD and the peak of foot dorsal artery flow was a protective factor of PAD.Conclusions It's important to early screen for PAD and to adopt corresponding nursing measures on the basis of treatment.We hope to further prevent the development of PAD and effectively prevent diabetic foot.

Objective To investigate the insulin injection-related knowledge of the registered nurses in first-class general hospitals in Shanghai and look into its influence factors. Methods Totally 331 nurses in the hospitals were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate stepwise regression were used to analyze the factors which influenced the insulin injection-related . Results The aggregate score of insulin injection-related knowledge was 54.20 ± 7.64, and the score index was 67.75%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that such factors as professional title and nursing experience and training in the endocrinology department were the main factors of insulin injection-related knowledge (all P<0.05). Conclusion We should enhance the training to promote the injection skills so that they can assist the patients to effectively control blood sugar and improve the quality of life.

Objective To observe the effect of nursing intervention on caesarean section rate in grass-roots hospitals. Methods 240 parturient women who were to infanticipate were divided into the experimental group and the control group with 120 patients in each group according to hospitalization sequence. Parturient women in the experimental group received nursing intervention with new nursing model during the delivery, while women in the control group just finished parturition using routine procedures. The caesarean section rate of the two groups were compared with χ2 test. Results The caesarean section rate of parturient women in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusions Nursing inter-vention has certain effect on decreasing the caesarean section rate in grassroots hospitals.

Objective To investigate the status of risk population of diabetic foot in community and analyze the influencing factors.Methods 210 diabetes patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled,acoording to Gavin's weighted integral method with risk factors of diabetic foot,Doppler blood flow detector,Semmes Weistein 5.07 (10 g) nylon monofilament and 128Hz tuning fork were used to screen for the risk population of diabetic foot.Results Risk population of diabetic foot were 174 patients (82.9％),wherein the low risk group were 112 patients (53.4％),in the middle and high risk group were 62 people (29.5％).In addition to the Gavin's diabetic foot risk factors,different ages,cultural degrees,the values of FBG,PBG and HbAlc would also affect the risk level of diabetic foot.While the values of FBG,PBG and HbAlc of diabetes patients in the moderate and high risk group were significantly higher than those in the normal group.Conclusions We should make early screening for risk factors of diabetic foot and strengthen health education and management in order to effectively prevent diabetic foot.

Objective To explore the application of continuing nursing model in life of puerperae with preterm infants and evaluate its effects.Methods Based on continuous nursing model of Ahmadi,puerperae's continuing nursing program was constructed.Randomized controlled trail design was used,and totally 110 puerperae in a hospital in Beijing were recruited from August 2016 to March 2017.The experimental group received continuing nursing intervention model,and the control group received routine nursing care.Parenting knowledge and psychological evaluation of the two groups were collected 3 days before discharge,1 month,3 months and 6 months after discharge.Results Ninety-eight puerperae completed the study.In the experimental group,the score of parenting knowledge was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01),and the total score of mental health assessment and scores of depression and anxiety were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Puerperae's continuing nursing program based on the continuous nursing model of Ahmadi improved maternal ability and positive emotion,and promoted quality of life.

With population aging and socio?economic development, the sedentary time and behavior of the elderly are increasing, resulting in an increase in health risks as well. This review aimed to investigate the effects of sedentary behavior on the health of the elderly, factors contributing to sedentary behavior in the elderly, and sedentary behavior interventions for the elderly, as well as provide reference for sedentary behavior investigation and intervention study, to eventually achieve health promotion for the sedentary elderly.

Objective To observe the effect of anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Methods Intraperitoneal injection of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was made to cause fever in rats and then to observe the anti-pyretic effect of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Intraperitoneal injection of glacial acetic acid was made to led inflammatory exudate in rats and then to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Smearing cylene in auricles was done to cause inflammatory swelling in rats and then to observe the effect of the alleviation of the inflammatory swelling of Shufeng Jiebiao decoction.Results ①The temperature of rats in the group of the aspirin and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction were become lower at each time.The basic temperature of the model control group was (37.14±0.39) ℃,the temperature in the first hour was (40.31±0.34) ℃,the second hour was (40.44±0.44) ℃,the fourth hour was (40.24±0.34) ℃,the sixth hour was (40.05 ±0.44)℃,and the eighth hour was (39.85 ±0.37)℃.The basic temperature of the aspirin group was (37.13±0.33)℃,the temperature in the first hour was (38.74±0.42)℃,the second hour was (38.86±0.33) ℃,the fourth hour was (39.05±0.36)℃,the sixth hour was (38.74±0.37)℃,and the eighth hour was 38.64±0.24) ℃.The basic temperature of the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was (37.03±0.46) ℃,the temperature in the first hour was (39.02±0.49) ℃,the second hour was (38.82±0.49) ℃,the fourth hour was (38.63±0.46)℃,the sixth hour was (38.62±0.52)℃,and the eighth hour was (38.42±0.44)℃.The differences were statistical significance compared with the model control group (P＜0.01),the onset of anti-pyretic of the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was slower than the aspirin group,but it had a longer lasting effect.Moreover,the rats' temperature decrease of the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group in the fourth hour had a statistical significance compared with the aspirin group.(P＜0.05).② After the intevention of aspirin and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction,the optical density of evans blue:the model control group was (0.221 ±0.045),the aspirin group was (0.162±0.053),the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was (0.176±0.049),the permeability of the abdominal capillary of the rats reduced significantly (P＜0.01).The intervention of the aspirin and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction had almost no difference.③ After the intervention of the dexamethasone and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction,the weight of the auricals:the model control group was (1.94±0.55)mg,dexamethasone group was (1.18±0.40)mg,Shufeng Jiebiao decoction group was (1.04±0.41)mg,showing the degree of the swelling of auricals decreased obviously (P＜0.01).The intervention of the dexamethasone and the Shufeng Jiebiao decoction had almost no difference.Conclusion Shufeng Jiebiao Decoction had anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective To explore the associations of depressive symptoms with functional status and frailty in elderly outpatients.Methods A total of 297 geriatric outpatients(aged 65 years and over) from Zhejiang Hospital were recruited in the cross-sectional study from January 2014 to December 2015.We gathered general information,and evaluated depressive symptoms by Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15),cognitive function by mini-mental state examination(M MSE),frailty by clinical frailty scale(CFS),activities of daily living (ADL)by Barthel index,instrumental activities of daily living (IADL),balance,POMA and gait by Tinetti-performance oriented mobility assessment (Tinetti-POMA),grip strength and 4m gait speed by 4-meter walk gait speed test.According to the GDS-15 scores,297 geriatric outpatients were divided into a depression symptom group(n=35,GDS-15 ≥6)and a nomdepressive symptom group(n=262,GDS-15＜6).The frailty and functional status were compared between two groups by SPSS 23.0.Results As compared with non-depressive symptoms,the depressive symptoms group had higher clinical frailty scale(CFS),lower body mass index(BMI),lower cognitive function and poorer grip strength and balance(all P＜0.05).There were significantly negative correlations of Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) with ADL,IADL,gait,balance,POMA and grip strength(r=-0.165、-0.154、-0.216、-0.291、-0.305、-0.314,All P＜ 0.05),while there were significantly positive correlations with CFS score,gait speed(r=0.256、0.198,both P＜0.05).The more severe the frailty was,the higher the risk of depressive symptoms was(OR=3.650,95％ CI 1.611-8.271).Conclusions The cognitive and physical functions in the elderly with depression symptoms are poorer as compared with the elderly without depression symptoms.Elderly outpatients with more severe frailty have a higher risk for depressive symptoms.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of a structured death education program for older adults with chronic illness and their family caregivers. Methods: This study adopted two-group, nonrandomized quasi-experimental design. Patient–caregiver dyads in the intervention group (N = 40 dyads) engaged in the death education program at the bedside once a week for 5 weeks, and were compared with participants (N = 40 dyads) in the control group who received usual health education. The program consisted of five sessions based on the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Death attitude, death competence, well-being, family function, and satisfaction were measured at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1), and 1 month later (T2). Data collection was conducted from July 30, 2019, to December 30, 2019. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis The intention-to-treat analysis of between groups at 1-month follow-up revealed that the intervention group had greater decreases in the fear of death (p=.002, 95% CI -2.53, -0.47; p<.001, 95% CI -3.61, -1.65) and death avoidance (p<.001, 95% CI -3.46, -1.84; p<.001, 95% CI -3.89, -2.43), had greater increases in the neutral acceptance (p=.032, 95% CI 0.05, 1.38;p<.001, 95% CI 0.99, 2.56) and death competence (p<.001, 95% CI 4.10, 8.01; p<.001, 95% CI 7.80, 12.11) in patients and caregivers, respectively. There were significant intergroup differences over time for patient well-being of (p<.001, 95% CI 3.06, 9.74) and satisfaction of (p<.001, 95% CI 2.01, 4.59). Results were consistent with the results from the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility and benefits of death education in hospitals and provided an implementation plan for nursing professionals. Nurses should consider providing death education for older adults with chronic diseases and their families to promote the development of palliative care and the quality of end-of-life.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of a structured death education program for older adults with chronic illness and their family caregivers. Methods: This study adopted two-group, nonrandomized quasi-experimental design. Patient–caregiver dyads in the intervention group (N = 40 dyads) engaged in the death education program at the bedside once a week for 5 weeks, and were compared with participants (N = 40 dyads) in the control group who received usual health education. The program consisted of five sessions based on the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Death attitude, death competence, well-being, family function, and satisfaction were measured at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1), and 1 month later (T2). Data collection was conducted from July 30, 2019, to December 30, 2019. Results: The intention-to-treat analysis The intention-to-treat analysis of between groups at 1-month follow-up revealed that the intervention group had greater decreases in the fear of death (p=.002, 95% CI -2.53, -0.47; p<.001, 95% CI -3.61, -1.65) and death avoidance (p<.001, 95% CI -3.46, -1.84; p<.001, 95% CI -3.89, -2.43), had greater increases in the neutral acceptance (p=.032, 95% CI 0.05, 1.38;p<.001, 95% CI 0.99, 2.56) and death competence (p<.001, 95% CI 4.10, 8.01; p<.001, 95% CI 7.80, 12.11) in patients and caregivers, respectively. There were significant intergroup differences over time for patient well-being of (p<.001, 95% CI 3.06, 9.74) and satisfaction of (p<.001, 95% CI 2.01, 4.59). Results were consistent with the results from the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility and benefits of death education in hospitals and provided an implementation plan for nursing professionals. Nurses should consider providing death education for older adults with chronic diseases and their families to promote the development of palliative care and the quality of end-of-life.