Objective To investigate the insulin injection-related knowledge of the registered nurses in first-class general hospitals in Shanghai and look into its influence factors. Methods Totally 331 nurses in the hospitals were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate stepwise regression were used to analyze the factors which influenced the insulin injection-related . Results The aggregate score of insulin injection-related knowledge was 54.20 ± 7.64, and the score index was 67.75%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that such factors as professional title and nursing experience and training in the endocrinology department were the main factors of insulin injection-related knowledge (all P<0.05). Conclusion We should enhance the training to promote the injection skills so that they can assist the patients to effectively control blood sugar and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the status of community type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease,analyze the influencing factors and put forward nursing countermeasures.Methods 210 type 2 diabetic patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled in the investigation.ABI and arterial peak velocity were measured using Doppler blood flow detector,symptoms and signs of foot were assessed and related laboratory examinations,including HbA1c,HDL-C,LDL-C were tested.Results There were 49 cases of ABI ＜ 0.9.The proportion of abnormal color of foot skin,edema,abnormal pulsation of dorsal artery of foot and sense of coldness in group of ABI ＜ 0.9 were larger than group of ABI≥0.9.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the pain at rest and intermittent claudication.Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age and LDL-C not up to the standard were risk factors of PAD and the peak of foot dorsal artery flow was a protective factor of PAD.Conclusions It's important to early screen for PAD and to adopt corresponding nursing measures on the basis of treatment.We hope to further prevent the development of PAD and effectively prevent diabetic foot.

Objective To investigate the status of risk population of diabetic foot in community and analyze the influencing factors.Methods 210 diabetes patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled,acoording to Gavin's weighted integral method with risk factors of diabetic foot,Doppler blood flow detector,Semmes Weistein 5.07 (10 g) nylon monofilament and 128Hz tuning fork were used to screen for the risk population of diabetic foot.Results Risk population of diabetic foot were 174 patients (82.9％),wherein the low risk group were 112 patients (53.4％),in the middle and high risk group were 62 people (29.5％).In addition to the Gavin's diabetic foot risk factors,different ages,cultural degrees,the values of FBG,PBG and HbAlc would also affect the risk level of diabetic foot.While the values of FBG,PBG and HbAlc of diabetes patients in the moderate and high risk group were significantly higher than those in the normal group.Conclusions We should make early screening for risk factors of diabetic foot and strengthen health education and management in order to effectively prevent diabetic foot.

BACKGROUND:Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) may promote the proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cels (hUC-MSCs) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and meanwhile, CoCl2 can regulate the expression of genes and proteins in hUC-MSCs. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of CoCl2 induced-hypoxia on the proliferation of hUC-MSCs and gene and protein expressions in hUC-MSCs, thereby establishing an effective method for MSCs culture and amplificationin vitro. METHODS: hUC-MSCs were extracted using tissue explant method. Under hypoxia conditions induced by CoCl2 (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 μmol/L) for different periods (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 days), flow cytometry was used to identify cel surface-associated antigens; cel counting kit-8 was used to detect cel proliferation; RT-PCR was used to determine levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, stromal cel-derived factor-1, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-β mRNA; western blot assay was used to detect protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cels were positive for CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, while negative for CD31, CD14, CD34, CD45, CD11b, HLA-DR. Moreover, the antigen expression was not affected by CoCl2 induced-hypoxia. CoCl2 induced-chemical hypoxia could promote the proliferation of hUC-MSCs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR results showed thatunder hypoxia, hypoxia inducible factor 1α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and stromal cel-derived factor-1 mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulated, but interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA expressions were down-regulated significantly (P < 0.05). Additionaly, the protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α was increased under hypoxia conditions. These findings indicate that CoCl2 induced-hypoxia environment may promote the proliferation of hUC-MSCs and the optimal concentration of CoCl2 is 200μmol/L. However, a higher concentration of CoCl2 (≥ 250μmol/L) inhibits the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, and the mechanism may be related to the increase of hypoxia inducible factor-1α at protein and mRNA levels.

Objective To investigate the applicability of Bakes Caregiving Outcom Scale(BCOS) in the study of primary family caregivers'burden of stroke survivors. Methods The BCOS was used to inves-tigate the 180 primary family caregivers of stroke survivors.The applicability of BCOS was evaluated by in-ternal consistency,construct validity and criterion-related validity. Results The correlation coefficient be-tween the items and the total BCOS score was 0.408～0.725 (P ＜ 0.01 ).The total Cronbach's α was 0.877.Factor analysis used for examining the construct validity showed that 3 components were extracted and their accumulated contribution rate reached 60.93%.Factor loading of each item ranged from 0.510 to 0.875.The criterion-related validity was - 0.461 by using self-rated burden as a criterion(P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions BCOS is applicable in the evaluation of the primary family caregivers' burden of stroke survivors.

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the refractory malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide. With limitations， the available clinical therapies are usually suspended or show unsatisfactory effect. Therefore， it is urgent to find and develop new candidate drugs specifically targeting the cancer with ideal efficacy， low toxicity， and low cost， and the solutions can be found in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） which has a long history. In TCM， sovereign， ministry， assistant， and guiding medicinals are selected based on the syndrome differentiation， and it has shown remarkable efficacy on CRC in recent years. In particular， Chinese medicinal compounds and monomers from Chinese medicinals which have been applied in clinical settings are advantageous in the treatment of CRCs， as they improve the quality of life， alleviate clinical symptoms and toxic and side effects of chemotherapy， and prolong the survival of patients. Therefore， we retrieved the English and Chinese articles with "CRC"， "TCM"， "compound" and "monomer" as keywords， and summarized the progress in the treatment of CRC with Chinese medicinal compounds and monomers from Chinese medicinals from four aspects of "replenishing Qi and invigorating spleen"， "clearing heat and removing toxin"， "nourishing liver and kidney"， and "tonifying Qi and nourishing blood". However， Chinese medicine features multiple components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways， and in-depth research should be carried out on the application of Chinese medicinal compounds and monomers from Chinese medicinals in the treatment of CRC， in an attempt to minimize the pain and side effects and maximize the therapeutic effect. This study is expected to provide new insight into the treatment of CRC and a reference for further research on the efficacy and mechanism of Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the differences of gut microbiota in patients with schizophrenia between onset and remission. Methods Twelve patients with schizophrenia in the stage of onset were selected as the episode group. Thirteen gender-, age-and BMI-matched patients with schizophrenia during the remission period were selected as the control group. The fecal specimens of the two groups were collected for high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and the gut microbiota differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results The chao index and ace index of gut microbiota was lower in the episode group than in the control group (t=2.385,P=0.026; t=3.068,P=0.005). The relative abundance of Bacteroides was higher and the relative abundance of Prevotella was lower in the episodes group than in the control group (Z=-2.013, P =0.044; Z=-3.427, P=0.001). The relative abundance of the Prevotella was negatively correlated with the PANSS score (r=-0.577, P=0.003). Conclusion Schizophrenia in the stage of acute episode have altered gut microbiota compared with those in the stage of remission and the gut microbiota is significantly corrected with mental symptoms.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.

Objective: To explore the effect of ambient fine particulate matters (PM_2.5) and temperature interaction on schizophrenia admission. Methods: All admission data were retrieved from the Psychiatric Hospital and Municipal Hospital of TongLing from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. Daily air pollution and meteorological data were collected from the Tongling Environmental Protection Agency and Meteorological Bureau, respectively. A distributed lag non-linear model combined with the generalized additive model were applied to explore the effects of PM_2.5, multi-pollutants, and the interaction between temperature and PM_2.5 on schizophrenia admission. The stratification of temperature was divided by three criteria. The low temperature layer was defined as <P₅ or <P₁₀ or <P₂₀; P₅-P₉₅ or P₁₀-P₉₀ or P₂₀-P₈₀ was defined as the middle temperature layer; >P₉₅ or >P₉₀ or >P₈₀ was defined as the high temperature layer. Results: From 2014 to 2017, 6 642 patients were admitted for schizophrenia in Tongling, and the median of PM_2.5 and temperature were 47.0 μg/m³ and 17.5 ℃, respectively. The median concentration of PM_2.5 (P₅₀) was taken as a reference. When the exposure concentration of PM_2.5 was P₉₀, the lagged effect appeared in the first day with RR=1.03 (95%CI: 1.00-1.07) and reached the maximum in the fifth day with RR=1.16 (95%CI: 1.13-1.19). In the multi-pollutant models, it was found that the simultaneous inclusion of PM_2.5 and NO₂ had higher risk of schizophrenia admission, with the RR=1.18 (95%CI: 1.15-1.22), P<0.001. The risk of schizophrenia admission caused by PM_2.5 exposure at high temperature was greatest under the three temperature stratification standards, which were 12.1% (8.5%-15.7%), 9.7% (6.9%-12.6%) and 17.1% (11.6%-22.8%), all P values <0.001. Conclusion With the increase of PM_2.5 concentration, the risk of schizophrenia admission is increased, and the risk effect of PM_2.5 is stronger at high temperature.

OBJECTIVES: The measurement of diabetic foot ulcers is important for the success in diabetic foot ulcer management. At present, it lacks the accurate and convenient measurement tools in clinical. In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has demonstrated the potential application value in the field of image segmentation and recognition. This study aims to construct an intelligent measurement model of diabetic foot ulcers based on the deep learning method, and to conduct preliminary verification. METHODS: The data of 1 042 diabetic foot ulcers clinical samples were collected. The ulcers and color areas were manually labeled, of which 782 were used as the training data set and 260 as the test data set. The Mask RCNN ulcer tissue color semantic segmentation and RetinaNet scale digital scale target detection were used to build a model. The training data set was input into the model and iterated. The test data set was used to verify the intelligent measurement model. RESULTS: This study established an intelligent measurement model of diabetic foot ulcers based on deep learning. The mean average precision@.5 intersection over union (mAP@.5IOU) of the color region segmentation in the training set and the test set were 87.9% and 63.9%, respectively; the mAP@.5IOU of the ruler scale digital detection in the training set and the test set were 96.5% and 83.4%, respectively. Compared with the manual measurement result of the test sample, the average error of the intelligent measurement result was about 3 mm. CONCLUSIONS The intelligent measurement model has good accuracy and robustness in measuring the diabetic foot ulcers. Future research can further optimize the model with larger-scale data samples.
Artificial Intelligence ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Foot ; Humans