Objective: To explore the effect of lavage with artiifcial cerebrospinal lfuid on neural cell apoptosis and the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway atfer traumatic brain injury. Methods: A total of 192 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a traumatic brain injury model group, a local artiifcial cerebrospinal lfuid group, and a local saline group. Each group was divided into 4 sub-groups by the sacriifced time at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d and 3 d atfer the operation. hTe phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 2 (P-ERK2), TNF-α and cellular apoptosis were examined. Results: hTe levels of P-ERK2 protein and TNF-α protein, as well as the number of apoptotic cellsat each time point in the local artiifcial cerebrospinal lfuid group were lower than those in the model group or in the saline group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lavage with artificial cerebrospinal fluid can reduce apoptosis of neural cells after brain injury through the ERK pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the impact of artificial cerebrospinal fluid lavage time on the edema of traumatic brain injury. METHODS: A total of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a traumatic brain injury model group, 3 artificial cerebrospinal fluid lavage groups (3 h, 6 h and 9 h). Each group was divided into 4 sub-groups by time of sacrifice namely 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d postoperatively. We detected the content of brain water, sodium, and potassium, and the VEGF expression to confirm whether the duration of lavage could reduce the traumatic brain edema. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group and the traumatic brain injury model group, brain water content and sodium content were decreased, while the potassium content and the VEGF levels were increased in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid lavage groups. Significant difference was found at 12 h, 1 d, and 3 d after the injury (P<0.05). With the increase of artificial cerebrospinal fluid lavage time, the difference was more obvious. CONCLUSION Artificial cerebrospinal fluid lavage can reduce the brain edema after traumatic brain injury. The longer the lavage, the more obvious the effect.
Animals ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Male ; Osmosis ; Pharmaceutical Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of social support and coping style on the stress and mental health in relatives of patients with traumatic brain injury. METHODS: The stress, mental health, social support and coping style were investigated in 300 relatives of patients with traumatic brain injury by Relative Stress Scale, Symptom Checklist-90, Social Support Rating Scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire in Changsha City. RESULTS: The mental health problems in relatives of patients with traumatic brain injury were closely related to the levels of stress, the ways of coping and the social support. In addition to the direct eff ect of stress on mental health in relatives of patients, the ways of coping and social support functioned as a mediator in this regard. The value of mesomeric eff ect for coping styles and social support ranged from 23.6% to 43.0%, and social support had an advantage over the coping styles. CONCLUSION Social support and coping styles should be considered in psychological nursing program to prevent and adjust the mental distress in relatives of patients with traumatic brain injury, which is beneficial to the treatment and recovery for patients.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Brain Injuries ; Family ; psychology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires