Objective This research is to observe the treatment effects of hip bath and oxygen blowing on severe neonatal diaper rash.Methods 289 neonates with severe diaper rash were randomly divided into three groups.91 cases in the flat tube group,102 cases in the round tube group and 96 cases in the control group.Three groups of neonates were cleaned on the hips and perineuma after poops and then dried with wet tissues and Mupirocin Ointment.The control group was treated with the above-mentioned method.The oxygen blowing groups were treated with hip bath of 1:5000 chameleon solution twice a day.Blowing the hips with oxygen five minutes every time after hip bath.The method of blowing oxygen was that oxygen humidifying containers as normal oxygen aspiration facilities was not filled with water,whose oxygen flowing volume standed at 10 L/min and whose tube blew at the afflicted parts until being dry.The oxygen blower held the oxygen exit and blowed at the afflicted parts in the round tube group and the oxygen blower flattened the oxygen exit and blew at the afflicted parts in the fiat tube group.The treatment effects will be compared among the three groups four days later.Results The cure period of the round tube group was obviously shorter than that of the control group,and the cure period of the fiat tube group was remarkably shorter than that of the round tube group.The total effective rate in the round tube group was obviously higher than that of the control group and the total effective rate in the fiat tube group was obviously higher than that in the round tube group.The difference had a statistical significance.Conclusions The treatment effects for the severe neonatal diaper rash with hip bath and oxygen blowing are remarkable and the oxygen blowing effects with fiat tubes are better than those with round tubes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in the periodontal tissue of chronic periodontitis and the correlativity of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis, provide experience for immunoregulation mechanism, clinical treatment and prognosis of chronic periodontitis.

METHODSGingiva and periodontal tissue of healthy people and chronic periodontitis patients were collected. Based on clinical probing, periodontal tissue were classified into three groups: periodontal tissues of healthy people, periodontal tissue of mild chronic periodontitis, periodontal tissue of severe chronic periodontitis. Fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction was applied to explore the expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Western blot and immunohistochemistry method were utilized to test the expression of PD-L1 protein in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Combining with clinical image data, the relationship between differentially expressions of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis was analyzed.

RESULTSThe relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of the mild chronic periodontitis was significantly higher that of the severe chronic periodontitis (P<0.01). The relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of healthy subjects and severe chronic periodontitis had no statistical significance (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue negativelv regulates inflammatory periodontal tissue damage.

Aim ToestablishthemethodofHighper-formance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) for detecting plasma concentration of indazole compound DL0805-1 , a Rho kinase inhibitor, and to investigate its pharma-cokinetics in rats with intravenous injection. Methods ThedetectingsystemwasAgilent1200-DAD;chro-matographic column was Agilent TC-C18 ( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); the ultraviolet detection wavelength was 235 nm; the column temperature was 35 ℃; the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1;the mobile phase was ace-tonitrile-0. 05% H3 PO4 gradient elute. Rat blood sam-ples were collected at different intervals after intrave-nous injection of a single dose of DL0805-1 , and the concentration of DL0805-1 in rat plasma were deter-mined by HPLC method for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters.Results Afterintravenousinjectionof DL0805-1 in rats, prototype and its metabolite were detected in plasma. T1/2 of DL0805-1=(2. 34 ± 1. 42) h, Cmax=(3. 51 ± 0. 44) mg·L-1, T1/2 of metabolite of DL0805-1 = ( 1. 27 ± 0. 45 ) h, Cmax = ( 3. 55 ± 0.22)mg·L-1.Conclusion Theseresultssuggest that DL0805-1 may be metabolized into another sub-stance in vivo and play biological functions. The meth-od is sensitive, simple, and accurate, and can be used for the determination of DL0805-1 in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic studies.

Aim To evaluate the vasorelaxant effect of two new chemical entities, J35242 and J35243, on iso-lated rat thoracic aorta rings as Rho-kinase inhibitors, and further to explore the underlying mechanisms of these two compounds. Methods Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by KCl or norepinephrine ( NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of J35242 and J35243 . Through the interventions of sev-eral tool drugs, the mechanisms of compounds concern-ing endothelium, K+ channels and Ca2+ were studied. Results J35242 and J35243 showed potent relaxant effect on both KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels, and exhibited partial endothelium dependency. L-NAME and Methylene Blue( MB) could influence the relaxant effect of these compounds. Meanwhile, the compounds could inhibit intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellu-lar Ca2+ influx, which indicated that the compounds might block the calcium channels to relax the vessels. In addition, the two compounds probably did not dilate the aorta rings through opening potassium channels. Conclusions J35242 and J35243 have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro and the potency of J35242 is stronger than that of J35243 . The underlying mecha-nisms might be endothelium-dependent. Also the com-pounds might block Ca2+ channels, lowering intracel-lular Ca2+ concentration to relax the vessels.

Aim To investigate the in vitro vasorelax-ant effect of DL0805-0, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on iso-lated rat thoracic aorta and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods Tension was measured to eval-uate the vasorelaxant effect of DL0805-0 on rat endo-thelium-intact and endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta rings. Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, nitric oxide syn-thase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester ( L-NAME), guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, calcium-activa-ted potassium channel blocker tetraethyl ammonium ( TEA ) , ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide and voltage-dependent potassium chan-nel blocker 4-aminopyridine ( 4-AP ) were used to il-lustrate the mechanisms of vasorelaxant effect of DL0805-0 . Results DL0805-0 exerted vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner in KCl (60 mmol·L-1 ) or NE ( 0. 1 μmol · L-1 ) -induced contraction. DL0805-0-induced vasorelaxation was significantly re-duced by L-NAME. However, methylene blue and in-domethacin did not significantly affect vasorelaxation of DL0805-0. In endothelium-denuded rings, TEA re-markably attenuated the vasorelaxant effect of DL0805-0 , while glibenclamide and 4-AP did not affect vasore laxation of DL0805-0 significantly. DL0805-0 also re-duced NE-induced transient contraction and inhibited contraction induced by increasing extracellular calci-um. Conclusion These results suggest that DL0805-0 induces vasorelaxation through an endothelium-depend-ent pathway. The opening of calcium-activated K+channels and blocking of Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells may be one of the mechanisms of DL0805-0-induced vasorelaxation.

OBJECTIVE: To further probe the mechanisms of herbs for nourishing and smoothing the liver in reversing bile lithogenicity of guinea pig. METHODS: Sixty guinea pigs were divided randomly into control group (fed with normal diet, n=20), model group (fed with lithogenic diet, n=20) and treatment group (fed with lithogenic diet plus herbal medicine, n=20). After four-week feeding, the animals were sacrificed and sampled, the rates of gallstone formation in each group were estimated, and the total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL), conjugated bilirubin (CB), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), and calcium ion in the bile were determined, and the different bilirubins were analyzed by HPLC. RESULTS: (1) The rate of gallstone formation was 5% in normal group, 81.25% in model group and 31.25% in treatment group (P<0.05). (2) The bile TBIL, CB, UCB and Ca(2+) were higher and the bile TBA was lower significantly in model group than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). (3) HPLC analysis revealed that MCB was higher and DCB was lower significantly in model group (P<0.01), and there were no significant differences of UCB and IPA among the three groups. (4) The percentages of MCB and UCB were much higher and the percentage of DCB was remarkably lower in model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Herbs for nourishing and smoothing the liver can significantly reduce the rate of gallstone formation and has effect of reversing lithogenicity of bile in guinea pigs fed with lithogenic diet.

Adult ; Fatty Liver ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Objective To observe apelin and its receptor (APJ) expressions in human osteoblasts and evaluate the effect of apelin on osteoblasts.Methods The expressions of apelin and APJ in human osteoblasts were tested by RT-PCR and Western blot.After human osteoblasts were treated with apelin,cell proliferation was measured by [~3H] thymidine incorporation and cell counting.Cell function was measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity,the secreted osteocalcin level and typeⅠcollagen production .The activation of signaling cascades was tested by Western blot.Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to blockade APJ was applied to observe effects of apelin on cell proliferation and the activation of signaling cascades.Results Both apelin and APJ were expressed in human osteoblasts.Apelin increased the proliferation and did not show the influences on ALP activity, osteocalcin secretion and type I collagen production in human osteoblasts.Apelin induced activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) downstream effector (Akt),but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) such as c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),p38 and ERK1/2 in human osteoblasts.Suppression of APJ with siRNA or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) abolished the apelin-induced cell proliferation and the activation of Akt.Conclusion Human osteoblasts express apelin and APJ.Apelin stimulates the proliferation of human osteoblast via APJ/PI3K/Akt pathway,but has no effect on osteoblast differentiation.

Background::Previous studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). However, studies that improve mitochondrial function are rare in OA. Mitochondrial transfer from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to OA chondrocytes might be a cell-based therapy for the improvement of mitochondrial function to prevent cartilage degeneration. This study aimed to determine whether MSCs can donate mitochondria and protect the mitochondrial function and therefore reduce cartilage degeneration.Methods::Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were harvested from the marrow cavities of femurs and tibia in young rats. OA chondrocytes were gathered from the femoral and tibial plateau in old OA model rats. BM-MSCs and OA chondrocytes were co-cultured and mitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs to chondrocytes was identified. Chondrocytes with mitochondria transferred from BM-MSCs were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Mitochondrial function of these cells, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were quantified and compared to OA chondrocytes without mitochondrial transfer. Chondrocytes proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion ability were also analyzed between the two groups.Results::Mitochondrial transfer was found from BM-MSCs to OA chondrocytes. Chondrocytes with mitochondrial from MSCs (MSCs + OA group) showed increased mitochondrial membrane potential compared with OA chondrocytes without mitochondria transfer (OA group) (1.79 ± 0.19 vs. 0.71 ± 0.12, t = 10.42, P < 0.0001). The activity of MRC enzymes, including MRC complex I, II, III, and citrate synthase was also improved ( P < 0.05). The content of ATP in MSCs + OA group was significantly higher than that in OA group (161.90 ± 13.49 vs. 87.62 ± 11.07 nmol/mg, t = 8.515, P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, we observed decreased cell apoptosis (7.09% ± 0.68% vs.15.89% ± 1.30%, t = 13.39, P < 0.0001) and increased relative secretion of type II collagen (2.01 ± 0.14 vs.1.06 ± 0.11, t = 9.141, P = 0.0008) and proteoglycan protein (2.08 ± 0.20 vs. 0.97 ± 0.12, t = 8.227, P = 0.0012) in MSCs + OA group, contrasted with OA group. Conclusions::Mitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs provided protection for OA chondrocytes against mitochondrial dysfunction and degeneration through improving mitochondrial function, cell proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis in chondrocytes. This finding may offer a new therapeutic direction for OA.

Objective To evaluate the effect of an integrated control strategy and to quantify the spatial-temporal variation of infected snails in the bottomland areas after the strategy was implemented.Methods Based on the geographic database of infected snail distribution at the village level during 2004-2010 in Anxiang county,Hunan province,spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial scan statistics were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics on the distribution of infected snails.Results The number of embankments with infected snails in Anxiang county decreased from 23 in 2004 to 10 in 2010,while the rate of frame with infected snail in embankments decreased from 4.32‰ in 2004 to 0.12‰ in 2010.The spatial distribution of infected snails was nonrandom,only in 2004 and 2005 with Moran's I=0.21 (P＜0.10) and Moran's I=0.13 (P＜0.10) respectively.Data from the local spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the number of villages with H-H types of auto-correlation model had been gradually decreasing.The results of SaTScan statistics appeared the same as from the local spatial auto-correlation analysis,showing that the number of areas with increased risk was decreasing.Conclusion The comprehensive measures with emphasis on infectious source control seemed effective for schistosomiasis control program.The current distribution characteristics provided us with evidence that the resource assignment could be more reasonably implemented so as to control schistosomiasis in a more effective way.