AIM: To establish the method for determining tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in AnshenYangxue Oral Liquid(Ramulus uncariae cum uncis, stephania kwangsiansis,Radix polygoni multiflori praeparata cum succo glycinus sotae,Caulis Polygoni multiflori and Pine needle). METHODS: Tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were determined by HPLC.Chromatographic condition was composed of Kromasil C_18 column,a mixture of methanol and water(55∶45) as mobile phase with 0.01 mol/L triehthylamine,adjusted with acetic acid to pH of 7.5,UV detection wavelength of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline was set at 254 nm,UV detection wavelength of tetrahydropalmatine was set at 281 nm. RESULTS: The averagere recoveries of tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 98.47%、99.04%and 98.75% respectively;RSD were 0.95%、2.6%and 1.6%,respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,sensitive,accurate,and can be used for determining tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in Anshen Yangxue Oral Liquid.

Objective To investigate the effects of different clipping time of first time using permanent aneurysm clips on common carotid artery wall in rabbitsMethods Sixty healthy male Japanese white rabbits were selected.The first time permanent aneurysm clips were used to clip common carotid artery for 30 min or 60 min respectively according to the random number method (n=30 in each group).Thirty segments of common carotid artery specimens clipped by aneurysm clips were collected respectively.Mean-Whitney U test was used to conduct the comparison of histopathological damage grade of vascular wall.Results The aneurysm clips were use to clip 30 min and 60 min caused vascular wall injury could observe the middle elastic plastic plate deformation and endothelial denudation.The vascular walls in the clipping 60 min group had local necrosis with inflammatory response,and even rupture of vascular wall.There were significant differences in overall damage degree of vascular wall (U=324.00,P=0.045) and severe injury rate (0%[0/30] vs.20.0%[6/30],P=0.031) between the clipping 30 min group and the clipping 60 min group (all P<0.05).Conclusion The vascular wall injury of using disposable permanent aneurysm clips for clipping 60 min was more severe than 30 min.Attention should be paid to shortening the time of carotid artery occlusion in operation.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease in gastrointestinal malignant tumors.The mortality of pancreatic cancer closely parallels its incidence.Most patients with pancreatic cancer remain asymptomatic until the disease reaches an advanced stage.There is no program for screening patients at high risk of pancreatic cancer.Although CT,MRI,positron emission tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography,and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration offer high diagnostic ability for pancreatic cancer,it cannot be found at the early stage easily.Surgical resection is regarded as the only potentially curative treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy is given after surgery.This article reviews epidemiology,risk factors,diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cancer by summarizing relevant literature.

Antrodia cinnamomea, an edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic value and application prospects, is rich in terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, polysaccharides, and benzoquinone, succinic and maleic derivatives. In this study, the transcriptome of A. cinnamomea cultured on the wood substrates of Cinnamomum glanduliferum (YZM), C. camphora (XZM), and C. kanehirae (NZM) was sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq 2000, and the data were assembled by de novo strategy to obtain 78,729 Unigenes with an N50 of 4,463 bp. Compared with public databases, about 11,435, 6,947, and 5,994 Unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the mycelium terpene biosynthesis-related genes in A. cinnamomea revealed that the expression of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) was significantly higher on NZM compared to the other two wood substrates. Similarly, the expression of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) was significantly higher on YZM compared to NZM and XZM, and the expression of farnesyl transferase (FTase) was significantly higher on XZM. Furthermore, the expressions of 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS), squalene synthase (SQS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) were significantly higher on NZM. Overall, this study provides a potential approach to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea.

Objective To investigate the in-stent restenosis after vertebral artery ostium stenting (VAOS),and to determine the risk factors for in-stent restenosis. Methods Respective analysis of clinical data of 775 cases received VAOS in Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2012. Severe stenosis of vertebral artery ostium were diagnosed by DSA,and followed-up by ultrasound. The risk factors were assessed by COX analysis for in-stent restenosis ≥50%. Results This study included 775 patients. Surgical success rate was 99. 87%(n=774),technique success rate was 99. 48%(n=771 ). Two patients had cerebral hemorrhage after operation,one of them was dead. Four patients had cerebral infarction. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. The restenosis rate was 35. 89%(234/652 ). 79. 91% of restenosis occurred within 12 months after operation. COX analysis showed the vessels diameter after stenting was the independent predictors of in-stent restenosis (P<0. 01). The in-stent restenosis rate of drug-eluting stents was lower than metal-bare stents (HR 0. 532,95%CI 0. 397-0. 713,P<0. 01). Conclusion The in-stent restenosis was peculiarly prone to the smaller vessels diameter after VAOS. Drug-eluting stents were superior to metal-bare stents in preventing in-stent restenosis.

Objective To explore the effect of intracranial Cryptococcus neoformans (Cr.neoformans) infection on the function of fluconazole transport by breast cancer-resistance protein (BCRP),a kind of efflux transporter on the blood-brain barrier (BBB).Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 each):normal rats received 20mg/kg fluconazole by intravenous injection (Group A),normal rats received 20mg/kg fluconazole with co-administration of pantoprazole (a kind of BCRP inhibitor) by intravenous injection (Group B),rats with intracranial Cr.neoformans infection received 20mg/kg fluconazole (Group C),and infected rats received 20mg/kg fluconazole with co-administration of pantoprazole (Group D).Microdialysis probes were implanted into the rats' striatum to continuously collect brain extracellular fluid (ECF) after the intravenous infusion of fluconazole with or without BCRP inhibitor pantoprazole.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to measure the fluconazole concentrations in blood and brain ECF.The area under the concentration-time curves of fluconazole and the penetration of fluconazole passing though BBB were then calculated.Results Meningoencephalitis rat model was successfully established by intracerebral inoculation of Cr.neoformans.The infection significantly increased the penetration of fluconazole passing through BBB (P＜0.05).Pantoprazole did not alter the distribution of fluconazole in normal rat's brain,but significantly increased the penetration of fluconazole passing through BBB of the infected rats (P＜0.05).Conclusion Cr.neoformans infection can reduce the BBB resistance to fluconazole,and induce the efflux transport of fluconazole from the brain ECF back into the blood by BCRP.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and colorectal adenomatous polyps are closely associated with the various components of metabolic syndrome. This article summarizes the recent studies on the association between NAFLD and colorectal adenomatous polyps, and the results show that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps, while related mechanism remains unclear, which may be associated with insulin resistance, chronic inflammatory response, adipokines, and intestinal flora disturbance.

BACKGROUNDMany kinds of approaches have been used for minimally invasive surgery of total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA). However, until now when considering the balance of efficacy and associated surgical injury there is no approach widely accepted for MIS-THA. In this study, a modified anterolateral muscle sparing approach was developed to optimize MIS-THA.

METHODSTwenty adult cadaver specimens (40 hips) were used for anatomic research. The distance from anterior origin of the gluteus medius on the iliac crest to the anterior superior iliac spine was measured; the course of the superior gluteal nerve and the distances from the nerve to the regional anatomic landmarks were recorded. Simulated surgeries were performed in three fresh cadaver specimens to evaluate the soft tissues injury around incisions. From October 2004 to June 2006, 57 patients (57 hips) were treated with anterolateral muscle sparing minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty, of which 17 were femoral neck fractures, 9 osteoarthritis, 16 developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) and 15 avascular necrosis (AVN). All the operations were performed by the same senior surgeon. Operation time, blood loss and drainage volume were recorded and the correlation between the local complications and the native anatomical characteristics was especially noted. All cases were followed for at least 12 months.

RESULTSThe distance from the anterior origin of the gluteus medius to anterior superior iliac spine along the iliac crest was (61+/-4) mm (range, 55-68 mm), and the distance from inferior branch of the superior gluteal nerve to the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter was (74+/-6) mm (range, 60-88 mm). In simulated surgeries, excessive distraction of tissue was found to be the main cause of the anterior border injury of the gluteus medius muscle. Of the 57 patients treated with anterolateral muscle sparing MIS-THA, the average incision length was 9 cm (range 7.5-13 cm). Blood transfusions were performed in 11 patients. During the operations, anterior border injury in deep layers of the gluteus medius was found in 9 patients. Posteromedial perforation of the prosthesis stem on the femoral side was found in 2 patients, which were revised immediately. No positive Trenderlenburg sign was found during the 12 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe incision of the anterolateral muscle sparing approach should be directed from the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter toward 6 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine. The proximal part of the incision should be within 6 cm from the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter, and it is safe to be extended distally. The anterolateral muscle sparing approach is a minimally invasive approach for total hip arthroplasty, through which the surgeon can operate on the acetabulum and femoral sides in a single incision without muscle detachment, and fluoroscopy assistance is not needed. The surgeon should pay more attention to protecting the gluteus medius from injury by distraction before femoral neck cutting and during the preparation of the femoral side.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Autopsy ; Female ; Hip ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Muscle, Skeletal ; surgery

OBJECTIVEOver the last few decades, diabetic cardiomyopathy has been identified as a significant contributor in cardiac morbidity. However, the mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have not been clarified.

METHODSIn the present study, a diabetic rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The myocardial CD147 expression and extent of glycosylation, as well as thematrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs) expression and activity, were observed in the diabetic and synchronous rats.

RESULTSThe results showed that CD147 located on sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes. The myocardial CD147 expression and glycosylation were significantly increased in the diabetic rats as compared with the control. Expression of MMP-2 protein, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were also increased in left ventricular myocardium in the diabetic rats. Tamoxifen only inhibited the enhanced expression of myocardial CD147 in the diabetic rats, but not in synchronous control rats. Tamoxifen inhibited glycosylation of myocardial CD147 in both diabetic and control rats. The inhibition of tamoxifen on CD147 glycosylation was stronger than on the expression in the myocardium. The extent of myocardial CD147glycosylation was positively related toMMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Tamoxifen induced an inhibition of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the control and diabetic rats.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that myocardial CD147 expression, especially the extent of glycosylation, regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, then accelerates cardiac pathological remodeling inducing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Tamoxifen inhibits myocardial CD147 glycosylation and further depress the activity of MMPs. Therefore, tamoxifen may protect the diabetic rats against diabetic myocardium.

Animals ; Basigin ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; Glycosylation ; Heart ; drug effects ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Sarcolemma ; metabolism ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology