Objective Using accurate monitoring,and high precision anesthetic machine and vapourizer,and guided with a simple mathematics formula to implement low-flow inhaled anesthetic techniques.Methods Ten healthy patients under going craniotomy,thoracotomy or laparotomy were assigned to receive isoflurane by low-flor of fresh gas and high vapourizer output.After intubation,the vapourizer dial was set at 5% and the patients were delivered with 1L/min total fresh gas flow of oxygen.The expiratory(F E) and inspired(F 1) concentration of isoflurane were monitored continuously.The data were recorded with computer once every 10. The concentrations were plotted against the time and the predicted regression equation were calculated.Results The F E reached 1.05% 10 min after inhalation of isoflurane ,which could be predicted by curvilinear(y=0 4092(1nx)+0 0172) and lineal (y=0 083x+0 1385) regression equations from 1 to 10 min,The predicted concentration by curvilinear regression equation appeared to estimate the measured value more accurately than linear regression equation.However segmental lineal regression equation cluld predict the measured value as accurately as curvilinear regression equation.Conclusions The inhalation anesthetic induction can be completed within 10 min with low-flow of fresh gas flow and high output of vapourizer dial setting.The measured value of anesthetic can be predicted accurately.

Objective: To study the inclusion effect and rules of azalea oil (rhododendron anthopogonoides marxim) and ? cyclodextrin(? CYD) in different proportion. Methods: An optimal condition for the preparation of the azalea oil ? CYD was established by orthogonal test. Results: The optimal condition was that stiring, 30 ?C , 30min, ? CYD:oil=8g∶1mL Conclusion: This optimized process is simple, stable and efficient.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)on the pyroptosis of bone-marrow derived macrophages(BMDM)and investigate the mechanism of MRSA-induced pyroptosis in macrophages. Methods: The BMDM were triggered by the combination of lipopolysaccharide(LPS, 100 ng/ml)with adenosine-triphosphate(ATP, 3 mmol/L)or nigericin(Ng, 10 mmol/L)or treated with MRSA(multiplicity of infection 200, MOI 200)alone to induce pyroptosis in vitro. The cell morphology examination and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)assay were applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity. The expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, the interleukin(IL)- 1β, IL- 6 and tumor-necrosis factor(TNF)-α was detected by ELISA. The cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1β in the cells and released into the supernatant were detected by Western blotting. The signal pathway for the induction of pyroptosis by MRSA was investigated via the transfection of lentivirus- mediated short- hairpin RNA(shRNA)into the BMDM. Results: The treatment of BMDM with LPS/ATP, LPS/nigericin or MRSA alone caused cytotoxicity and up-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as the caspase-1 activation and mature Zl-1β (P<0.01). After silencing NLRP3 or NLRC4, the expression of IL-1β induced by MRSA was significantly lessened(P< 0.01). Conclusion: MRSA could induce BMDM pyroptosis probably via activating NLRP3 inflammasome or NLRC4 inflammasome.

PAK1 plays an important role in the development of tumors. It is of great significance to screen and develop new PAK1 inhibitors as targeted drugs for cancer treatment. The traditional PAK1 inhibitor screening method has the problems of high cost and low efficiency. Computer virtual screening can reduce the cost of finding active lead compounds and improve the screening efficiency. In this study, a kind of PAK1 candidate compound was screened by computer assisted virtual screening combined with Z′lyteTM high flux kinase screen. In vitro enzyme activity screening showed that compound 18(K788)had good PAK1 inhibitory activity(inhibition rate was 42. 7%). Furtherly by MTT detection, it was found that K788 had significant PAK1 positive tumor killing activity, which was even better than the positive drug IPA-3. Flow cytometry and Western Blot showed that K788 could activate caspase apoptosis pathway and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cell DLD-1 by inhibiting PAK1 expression and activation. K788 has great potential for clinical development and application, and can be used as a PAK1 target for further research.

From August 2011 to March 2012,5 241 type 2 diabetic patients with body mass index ≥ 24kg/m2 were enrolled from 60 hospitals in Guangdong Province.According to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),a total of 2 631 subjects with norml urine microalbumin level (＜30 ng/L) were divided into normal eGRF group and decreased eGRF group.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between eGFR and its related risk factors.The results showed that age,blood uric acid,blood urea nitrogen,history of hypertension and coronary heart disease,family history of diabetes,and hyperuricemia were positively related to lowering of eGFR (P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01).HbA1C＜7％,regular glucose monitoring,and regular physical activity were negatively related to eGFR decrease (all P＜ 0.01).These results suggest that urine microalbumin and eGFR should be applied to overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes in order to screen diabetic nephropathy.Furthermore,intensive control of blood glucose,uric acid,and blood pressure is beneficial to lowering the risk of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective:To explore the effect of probiotics on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in sepsis patients.Methods:A total of 94 cases were randomly (random number) divided into the probiotic group ( n = 46) and the control group ( n = 48). All of the patients were given enteral nutrition therapy by nasogastric tube within 24-72 h after admission. And patients in the probiotic group were given live combined bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus powder besides the regular therapy. The incidence of VAP, bacteremia, mortality, mechanical ventilation time and length of ICU stay were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the control group, the incidences of VAP and bacteremia in the probiotics group were significantly lower (χ 2=4.763, P=0.029; χ 2=4.438, P=0.035). There were no significant differences in 28-day mortality and the length of hospital stay between the two groups (χ 2=2.02, P=0.167; t=1.29, P=0.208). Mechanical ventilation time in the probiotics group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ( t=2.16, P=0.038). The Log-Rank test showed that the time of VAP-free in the probiotics group was significantly longer than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). After adjusting for APACHEⅡ score and age, COX proportional risk model analysis showed that the RR values of the probiotics group and the control group for 28-day VAP were 0.18 (95% CI: 0.12-0.74, P=0.025) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19-0.95, P=0.042), respectively. Conclusions:Probiotics treatment can reduce the incidence of VAP in sepsis patients.

The International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (IPMSSG) put forward the 2007 version of the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children in 2007 ("2007 version" for short). In 2012, IPMSSG proposed the new diagnostic criteria with reference to the latest research achievements of 150 members ("2012 version" for short). The 2012 version of the consensus statements covers the diagnostic criteria for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis in children. As the two IPMSSG members in China, the authors give an interpretation of the 2012 version of the consensus statements with reference to related literature and clinical and scientific experience. The authors focus on how the 2012 version comprehensively and thoroughly elaborates on the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, influencing factors, and new ideas of acute demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children. These become more operable in clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children.
Child ; Consensus ; Demyelinating Diseases ; diagnosis ; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; diagnosis ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; diagnosis

Background Following the accelerated speed of population aging in China,the incidence of cataract is rising gradually.Researches indicated that senescenee marker protein-30 ( SMP-30 ) is closely associated with the occurring and developing of cataract. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of SMP-30 in human lens epithelial cells(LECs) of age-related cataract and study the relationship between SMP-30 and apoptosis.Methods Capsulotomy was performed on 80 eyes of 59 patients with simple cortex age-related cataract and 70 eyes of 53 age-matched patients with nucleus age-related cataract.The anterior capsular specimens were obtained by circularly capsulorhexis during the operation.Expressions of the SMP-30 protein and mRNA in the LECs of two types of cataract were detected using immunochemistry and real-time PCR respectively.Apoptosis of the LECs was assayed by TUNEL.The differences of expression of SMP-30 and apoptosis were compared between the two types of cataract.Results Immunochemistry showed that SMP-30 was expressed in cytoplasm of LECs.The expression intensity of SMP-30 was higher in the center zone compared with periphery zone.The apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly higher in the center of the anterior capsule than the periphery in both two types of cataract ( nucleus cataract:19.34％±0.11％ vs 8.32 ％ ± 0.57 ％,P =0.025 ; cortex cataract:42.07 ％ ± 0.86 ％ vs 13.55 ％ ± 0.64 ％,P =0.010 ).The expression amount of SMP-30 mRNA was lower at the periphery than the center of lens in both two types of cataract (nucleus cataract:45.21±2.79 vs 76.42±11.21,P=0.042 ;cortex cataract:108.32±4.32 vs 206.34±15.67,P=0.037 ),and that of nucleus cataract was significantly lower than cortex cataract (60.02±9.08 vs 157.33 ± 13.01,P =0.034),and the apoptosis rate of LECs was declined in the nucleus cataract group compared with the cortex cataract group ( 14.05％ ±0.22％ vs 27.70％ ±0.81％,P =0.007 ). Conclusions LECs apoptosis exists in age-related cataract.SMP-30 probably plays an important role in the formation of cataract.

Objective To investigate the incidence of miocardial infarction and risk factors in patients with different levels TG.Methods From June 2006 to October 2007,Kailuan coal mine group conducted an on-the-job and retired workers were took physical examination in Kailuan area,and their results were used in our study(n=100 271).According to different levels of TG,all cases were divided into five groups(TG1-5):TG1 group(0.0125 kg/m2,FBG≥6.1 mmol/L,HDL-C<1.5 mmol/L were all the risk factors for myocardial infarction (P<0.05).Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that after adjustment for sex,age and other factors,with the increase in TG levels.Conclusion In study of Kailuan crowd,the increased fasting triglycerides increase the risk of myocardial infarction,and the risk factors for myocardial infarction are age,BMI,FBG and HDL-C.

A large amount of evidence has showed that sexually transmitted infection is an important synergistic factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Therefore, this paper reviews the current situation of sexually-transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV infection, introduces HIV prevention and intervention measures and problems for STD patients at home and abroad, and proposes that behavior-psychology-society integrated intervention model should be constructed based on the characteristics of STD patients.