Objective To explore the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and its association with dietary and lifestyle habits among the adult physical examination population in Xuzhou area. Methods Retrospectively selected the physical examination population who underwent HP testing at our hospital's physical examination center from May 2021 to December 2023 as the research object. The prevalence of Hp infection in the population was analyzed based on the physical examination results. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on the eating and living habits of all study subjects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between eating and living habits and Hp infection. Results A total of 1 354 physical examination people were included in the study, and the Hp infection rate was 37.30% (505/1354). The difference in Hp infection rates among people of different age groups is statistically significant (P<0.05), with the middle-aged population (41-59 years old) having the highest Hp positive infection rate (45.38%).High salt (41.11%), hot diet (40.56%), history of smoking (45.23%) and drinking (43.80%), less consumption of fruits and vegetables (43.73%), irregular exercise (41.29%), irregular diet People who frequently eat out (43.56%) and eat out frequently (42.57%) have a higher Hp infection rate (P<0.05).After adjusting for demographic factors such as gender, age, place of residence and education level, multivariate Logistic regression results showed that high-salt diet (OR=3.975, 95%CI: 2.670-5.917) and hot diet (OR=3.357, 95%CI: 2.291-4.919), smoking (OR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.082-1.964), drinking alcohol (OR=1.654, 95%CI: 1.279-2.138), eating fruits and vegetables (OR=1.759, 95%CI: 1.345-2.301), regular exercise (OR=1.822, 95%CI: 1.371-2.421), regular diet (OR=1.893, 95%CI: 1.391-2.575), eating out (OR=1.690, 95%CI: 1.277-2.237) were associated with the risk of Hp infection (P<0.05). Conclusion The positive infection rate of Hp among the physical examination population in Xuzhou is slightly lower than the average epidemic level in China. Cultivating healthy eating and living habits can effectively reduce the risk of Hp infection.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Yinchenhao Tang regulating the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 （Fas）/cysteine protease-8 （Caspase-8）/cysteine protease-3 （Caspase-3） signaling pathway to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis and improve cholestatic liver injury （CLI）. MethodsAmong 48 Wistar rats，12 rats were randomly selected as the blank group，and the other rats were administered alpha-naphthalene isothiocyanate （ANIT） by gavage to induce a CLI model. The modeling rats were randomly divided into the model group， the ursodeoxycholic acid group（0.1 g·kg^-1） and the Yinchenhao Tang group（9.23 g·kg^-1），with 12 rats in each group. The rats in each group were given corresponding drugs by gavage for three consecutive days. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT），aspartate aminotransferase （AST），alkaline phosphatase （ALP），gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （γ-GT），total bilirubin （TBil） and total bile acid （TBA） in serum were detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in liver tissue were detected. The histopathological changes of the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein and mRNA expressions of Fas，Caspase-8，Caspase-3，B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） associated X protein （Bax） and Bcl-2 in liver tissue were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with those in the blank group，the levels of ALT，AST，ALP，γ-GT，TBA and TBil in serum of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in liver tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered，and inflammatory cell infiltration and bile duct epithelial cell proliferation were observed. The protein and mRNA expressions of Fas，Caspase-8，Caspase-3 and Bax in liver tissue were significantly increased（P<0.05，P<0.01），while the protein and mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group，the levels of ALP，γ-GT，TBA and TBil in the serum of rats in the ursodeoxycholic acid group were significantly decreased. The levels and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in liver tissue were significantly decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. The protein and mRNA expressions of Fas，Caspase-8，Caspase-3 and Bax in liver tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01），while the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased （P<0.05，）. The levels of ALT，AST，γ-GT，TBA and TBil in the serum of rats in the Yinchenhao Tang group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in liver tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The protein expression of Fas and Bax and the mRNA expression of Fas，Caspase-8，Caspase-3 and Bax in liver tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01），while the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 were significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Hepatocyte injury，inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells were reduced. ConclusionYinchenhao Tang can ameliorate CLI，and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the Fas/Caspase-8/Caspase-3 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of Yinchenhao Tang on the improvement of cholestatic liver injury （CLI） by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway via regulating farnesol X receptor （FXR）. MethodsA total of 40 Wistar male rats were randomly selected， with 10 as a blank group，and the remaining rats were subjected to the CLI model induced by alpha-naphthalene isothiocyanate （ANIT）. After modeling，they were randomly divided into the model group， the ursodeoxycholic acid （0.1 g·kg^-1） group and the Yinchenhao Tang （9.23 g·kg^-1） group，with 10 animals in each group. Each administration group was given the corresponding drug by intragastric administration for three consecutive days. Alanine aminotransferase （ALT），aspartate aminotransferase （AST），alkaline phosphatase （ALP），γ-glutamyl transpeptidase （γ-GT），total bile acid （TBA），total bilirubin （TBil） and direct bilirubin （DBil） levels in serum were detected. Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α），interleukin-1β （IL-1β），and interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels in liver tissue were detected. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of FXR，TLR4，MyD88，NF-κB，F4/80，TNF-α，IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue. Western blot was used to detect protein expression of FXR，TLR4，MyD88 and NF-κB in liver tissue. The histopathological changes of the liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. ResultsCompared with those in the blank group，ALT，AST，ALP，γ-GT，TBA，TBil and DBil levels in serum of rats in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels and mRNA expression of TNF-α，IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01），and the mRNA and protein expressions of FXR in liver tissue were decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4，MyD88 and NF-κB and the mRNA expression of F4/80 were obviously increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Hepatic histopathology showed inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferative changes of bile duct epithelial cells. Compared with those in the model group，ALT，ALP，γ-GT，TBA，TBil and DBil levels in serum of rats in the ursodeoxycholic acid group were obviously decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01），and the levels and mRNA expression of TNF-α，IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue were obviously decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4，MyD88 and NF-κB and the mRNA expression of F4/80 in liver tissue were obviously decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ALT，AST，ALP，γ-GT，TBA，TBil and DBil levels in the serum of rats in the Yinchenhao Tang group were obviously decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01），and the levels and mRNA expression of TNF-α，IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue were obviously decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of FXR in liver tissue were significantly increased，and the mRNA expressions of TLR4，MyD88，NF-κB，and F4/80， as well as the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB were obviously decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The inflammatory cell infiltration of liver tissue and the proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells decreased. ConclusionYinchenhao Tang has an obvious protective effect on CLI，and its mechanism may be related to regulating FXR to inhibit TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-mediated inflammatory response.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Yinchenhao Tang intervenes in α-naphthylisothiocyanate （ANIT）-induced cholestatic liver injury by regulating the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5（TGR5）/NOD-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）/cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1） pyroptosis signaling pathway. MethodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into blank， model， ursodeoxycholic acid， and Yinchenhao Tang groups. Except the blank group， other groups were treated with ANIT dissolved in olive oil for the modeling of cholestatic liver injury. Ursodeoxycholic acid （0.1 g·kg^-1） and Yinchenhao Tang （9.23 g·kg^-1） were administered by gavage. The blank group and the model group were administrated with the same amount of pure water， once a day for 3 days. The blood and liver tissue samples were collected， and the serum levels of liver function indicators were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes of the liver. The levels of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissue were determined by ELISA. The mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-18， TGR5， NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in the liver tissue were assessed by Real-time PCR. The protein levels of TGR5， NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in the liver tissue were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed elevated levels of alanine amino-transferase （ALT）， aspartate transferase （AST）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， total bile acid （TBA）， and total bilirubin （TBil） in the serum （P<0.01）， inflammatory cell infiltration， hepatocyte swelling， and bile duct epithelial cell proliferation in the liver， raised levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissue （P<0.01）， down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TGR5 （P<0.01）， up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-18 （P<0.01）， ASC （P<0.01）， Caspase-1 （P<0.01）， GSDMD （P<0.01）， IL-1β （P<0.05）， and NLRP3 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein levels of NLRP3 （P<0.01）， ASC （P<0.01）， Caspase-1 （P<0.01）， and GSDMD （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the ursodeoxycholic acid group showed declined levels of AST （P<0.01）， TBA （P<0.01）， TBil （P<0.01）， and ALT （P<0.05） in the serum， lowered levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissue （P<0.01）， down-regulated mRNA levels of NLRP3 （P<0.01）， Caspase-1 （P<0.01）， GSDMD （P<0.01）， IL-1β （P<0.05）， IL-18 （P<0.05）， and ASC （P<0.05）， up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TGR5 （P<0.05）， and down-regulated protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and GSDMD （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the Yinchenhao Tang group showed lowered levels of ALT， AST， ALP， TBA， and TBil in the serum （P<0.01）， declined levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissue （P<0.01）， down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-1β （P<0.01）， NLRP3 （P<0.01）， ASC （P<0.01）， Caspase-1 （P<0.01）， GSDMD （P<0.01）， and IL-18 （P<0.05）， up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TGR5 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein levels of Caspase-1 and GSDMD （P<0.05）. The liver tissue of the administration groups showed reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells， reduced swelling of hepatocytes， and alleviated proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells. ConclusionYinchenhao Tang can ameliorate ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury by regulating the hepatocyte pyroptosis mediated by the TGR5/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.

Cholestatic liver injury refers to the bile production， secretion， and excretion disorder caused by various reasons. It induces liver injury， metabolic disorders， and dysfunction of the hepatobiliary system， which can further develop into liver fibrosis， cirrhosis， liver failure， and even death. At present， the preferred drug for clinical treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid， which， however， induces adverse reactions and is intolerant in some patients. Yinchenhao Tang is a representative prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of jaundice due to Yang jaundice. It has the effects of clearing heat， eliminating dampness， and removing jaundice and has shown good therapeutic effect in long-term clinical application. Modern pharmacological studies have found that this prescription has anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation， bile acid balance-regulating， hepatocyte apoptosis-inhibiting and other liver-protecting effects. This paper reviews the relevant clinical and animal experimental studies on Yinchenhao Tang in the treatment of cholestatic liver injury in recent years. Yinchenhao Tang can intervene in the progression of cholestatic liver injury by regulating bile acid metabolism and excretion， reducing inflammatory response， inhibiting oxidative stress， alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress， inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis， and protecting intestinal mucosal barrier. This paper systematically expounds the molecular mechanisms by which Yinchenhao Tang regulates cholestatic liver injury that are confirmed by current research， aiming to provide reference for the clinical application and in-depth study of Yinchenhao Tang.

ObjectiveTo study the pharmacological substances and mechanisms through which sesquiterpene ZH-13 from Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum improves neuroinflammation. MethodsBV-2 microglial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce neuroinflammation. The cells were divided into the normal group， the model group， and the ZH-13 low- and high-dose treatment groups （10， 20 μmol·L^-1）. The model group was treated with 1 μmol·L^-1 LPS. Cell viability was assessed using the cell proliferation and activity assay （CCK-8 kit）. Nitric oxide （NO） release in the cell supernatant was measured using a nitric oxide kit （Griess method）. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway proteins was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the model group， ZH-13 dose-dependently reduced NO release from BV-2 cells under LPS stimulation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the 20 μmol·L^-1 ZH-13 treatment group， the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， iNOS， and IL-6 were significantly reduced compared to the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In both the low- and high-dose ZH-13 groups， the expression of the inflammatory factor TNF-α and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） in the upstream MAPK pathway were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. After stimulation with the JNK agonist anisomycin （Ani）， both low- and high-dose ZH-13 treatment groups showed reduced phosphorylation of JNK proteins compared to the Ani-treated group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe sesquiterpene compound ZH-13 from Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum significantly ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in BV-2 cells by inhibiting excessive JNK phosphorylation and reducing TNF-α expression. These findings elucidate the pharmacological substances and mechanisms underlying the sedative and calming effects of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum.

With the widespread adoption of low-dose CT screening and the extensive application of high-resolution CT, the detection rate of sub-centimeter lung nodules has significantly increased. How to scientifically manage these nodules while avoiding overtreatment and diagnostic delays has become an important clinical issue. Among them, lung nodules with a consolidation tumor ratio less than 0.25, dominated by ground-glass shadows, are particularly worthy of attention. The therapeutic challenge for this group is how to achieve precise and complete resection of nodules during surgery while maximizing the preservation of the patient's lung function. The "watershed topography map" is a new technology based on big data and artificial intelligence algorithms. This method uses Dicom data from conventional dose CT scans, combined with microscopic (22-24 levels) capillary network anatomical watershed features, to generate high-precision simulated natural segmentation planes of lung sub-segments through specific textures and forms. This technology forms fluorescent watershed boundaries on the lung surface, which highly fit the actual lung anatomical structure. By analyzing the adjacent relationship between the nodule and the watershed boundary, real-time, visually accurate positioning of the nodule can be achieved. This innovative technology provides a new solution for the intraoperative positioning and resection of lung nodules. This consensus was led by four major domestic societies, jointly with expert teams in related fields, oriented to clinical practical needs, referring to domestic and foreign guidelines and consensus, and finally formed after multiple rounds of consultation, discussion, and voting. The main content covers the theoretical basis of the "watershed topography map" technology, indications, operation procedures, surgical planning details, and postoperative evaluation standards, aiming to provide scientific guidance and exploration directions for clinical peers who are currently or plan to carry out lung nodule resection using the fluorescent microscope watershed analysis method.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of imprinted differentially methylated regions (iDMRs) in placentas and their correlation with preeclampsia (PE). Methods A total of 43 healthy pregnant women (control group) and 33 pregnant women with PE (PE group) at Shanghai Putuo Maternity and Infant Hospital and International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2021 to September 2023 were selected. A total of 3 362 CpG sites in 62 iDMRs were analyzed in 76 placenta and 5 maternal blood samples using BisCap targeted bisulfite resequencing (BisCap-seq) assays. The CpG sites in the CpG islands of the iDMRs were assessed for their methylation levels and methylation linkage disequilibrium (MLD). Imprinted methylation haplotype blocks (iMHBs) were constructed based on MLD. The methylation levels and variablility of CpG sites and iMHBs were compared among the healthy placenta, PE placenta and blood samples. Results The CpG sites in the CpG islands of the iDMRs exhibited intermediate methylation, with adjacent sites displaying high MLD (methylation levels: 0.35-0.65, D’ ＞ 0.8). A total of 185 iMHBs were constructed using these coupled CpG sites, 60 placenta-specific iMHBs and 38 somatic iMHBs were found to be differentially methylated in the placenta compared with maternal blood (P_adj＜0.05). Twenty-seven iMHBs were identified with differentially variable methylation patterns in the placenta. The iMHBs methylation was unchanged in the PE placentas compared to the healthy placentas. Twenty-seven differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) were identified outside the iMHBs structure, among which the methylation levels of 19 CpG sites showed statistically significant differences between the PE group and the control group (P_adj＜0.05). The quantitative results of placental compositions of maternal plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using placenta-specific haplotype (PSH) were highly correlated with those estimated by a deconvolution methodology (r＝0.973, P＜0.01). Conclusions The genomic imprinting features in the PE placentas were obvious, and PSH could be a potential marker of the placenta to quantify the placental compositions of maternal plasma cfDNA.

Ultrasound technology has been applied in the biomedical field,particularly in drug delivery and cell processing.In this study,the effects of different ultrasound power levels(40 W to 100 W)and time durations(1 min,5 min,or 5 min discontinuously)on the morphology of human red blood cells(hRBCs)membranes were systematically investigated using cryo-electron tomography(Cryo-ET).The hRBCs membranes were firstly subjected to ultrasound at power levels of 40 W and 60 W for 5 min each.Cryo-ET observations revealed minimal morphological changes in the hRBCs membranes following the 40 W treatment,with the membrane structure remaining relatively intact and only minor undulations appearing on the membrane surface.These undulations might result from the mild mechanical stress induced by ultrasound,which was insufficient to disrupt the overall membrane structure.At power of 60 W,the hRBCs membranes largely preserved their structural integrity.When the ultrasonic power was increased to 80 W,the structural damage to the hRBCs membranes became more severe.Cryo-ET images showed irregular ruptures and larger pores on the membrane surface,indicating a significant compromise in membrane integrity.At ultrasound power of 100 W,the hRBCs membranes were completely disrupted,resulting in the formation of numerous membrane fragments,and a complete loss of membrane continuity.To further explore the effects of ultrasound duration on erythrocyte membrane morphology,the ultrasonic power was fixed at 100 W and the impacts of varying treatment durations(1 min,5 min,and intermittent ultrasound)on the membrane structure were systematically investigated.After 1 min of ultrasonic treatment,Cryo-ET images showed minimal changes in erythrocyte membrane morphology.Although some small pores and undulations appeared on the membrane surface,the overall structure remained relatively intact.As the ultrasound duration extended to 5 min,the degree of membrane damage increased significantly.Cryo-ET images revealed extensive rupture and detachment of the membrane,with continuity being severely compromised.As to treatment alternating 1 min of ultrasound with 1 min of rest,for a total of 5 min of ultrasound exposure,Cryo-ET observations showed the integrity of the membrane-cytoskeleton attachment remained.Under intermittent ultrasound treatment,although some pores and ruptures were observed on the membrane surface,the overall structure remained more intact compared to continuous ultrasonic treatment.This preservation might be due to the intermittent treatment providing buffer periods for the membrane,allowing partial recovery after mechanical stress,thereby reducing the cumulative damage caused by continuous ultrasound.This work provided experimental basis for further understanding of mechanism of ultrasound induced change of cell membrane and cytoskeleton.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic reprogramming in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy （DN） by Shenxiao Tongluo prescription via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α）/sirtuin-3 （SIRT3）/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty-five SD rats were randomized into a sham group （10 rats） and a modeling group （55 rats）， and the modeling rats underwent left nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （35 mg·kg^-1） to prepare a DN model. After successful modeling， the rats were randomized into model， empagliflozin （10 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （7.656， 15.312， 30.624 g·kg^-1， respectively） Shenxiao Tongluo prescription groups. The urine microalbumin （UmAlb）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， and serum creatinine （SCr） levels of rats in each group were assessed after continuous gavage for 8 weeks. The corresponding kits were used to measure the levels of lactate， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the kidney tissue. Hematoxylin-eosin staining， Masson staining， and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to observe the pathological changes in the kidney tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 （DRP1） and pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2） in the kidney tissue. Western blot was adopted to assess the protein levels of PGC-1α， SIRT3， HIF-1α， dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1）， optic atrophy 1 （OPA1）， hexokinase 2 （HK2）， and pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2） in the kidney tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed elevated levels of UmAlb， BUN， SCr， lactate， and MDA， decreased SOD level （P<0.05）， glomerular hypertrophy， thickening of the mesangial basement membrane， vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells， and infiltration of renal interstitial inflammatory cells， oval mitochondria with disordered， blurred or disappearing cristae， down-regulated protein levels of PGC-1α， SIRT3， and OPA1， and up-regulated protein levels of HIF-1α， DRP1， HK2， and PKM2 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the treatment in all the groups increased the body weight， lowered the levels of GLU， UmAlb， BUN， and MDA， raised the level of SOD， alleviated the pathological damage in the kidney tissue and mitochondrial damage， up-regulated the expression of PGC-1α， SIRT3， and OPA1， and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α， DRP1， and PKM2 （P<0.05）. Empagliflozin and Shenxiao Tongluo prescription at medium and high doses lowered the levels of SCr and lactate and down-regulated the expression of HK2 （P<0.05）， which had no statistical significance in the low-dose Shenxiao Tongluo prescription group. ConclusionShenxiao Tongluo prescription may regulate mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic reprogramming by activating the PGC-1α/SIRT3/HIF-1α pathway， thereby alleviating oxidative damage in the kidney tissue and delaying the progression of DN.