OBJECTIVE: To prepare and characterize sinomenine liquid crystal gel, study the rheological properties and in vitro transdermal properties and compare with sinomenine ointment and sinomenine hydrophilic gel. METHODS: Sinomenine liquid crystal gel was prepared by using phytanetriol-water system and then characterized by polarized light microscope(PLM)and small angle X-ray diffraction(SAXS). Using DHR-2 rheometer, the rheological properties of sinomenine liquid crystal gel were investigated and compared with those of sinomenine ointment and sinomenine hydrophilic gel. Modified Franz diffusion cell was used for in vitro transdermal experiment and the in vitro transdermal properties were compared with sinomenine hydrogels and ointments. RESULTS: The appearance of sinomenine liquid crystal gel was colorless, clear and transparent, and showed dark field under PLM. SAXS showed cubic phase. The rheological parameters were good. The steady-state infiltration rates of sinomenine liquid crystal gel, ointment and hydrophilic gel were 153.93, 119.99, and 106.89 μg·cm-2·h-1, and their 48 h cumulative permeation amounts(%)were 93.76%, 91.55%, and 87.60%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PLM and SAXS can be used to characterize the liquid crystal gel.The prepared sinomenine liquid crystal gel has good appearance and suitable rheology, and its infiltration rate and 48 h cumulative permeation amount are superior to those of ointment and hydrophilic gel, which provides theoretical reference for sinomenine percutaneous administration.

Objective: To explore Five-Factor Model personality traits of OCD patients who also diagnosed with personality disorders. Methods:SCID-I/P was administrated to diagnose OCD patients. PDQ+4 and PDI-IV were then administrated to 44 OCD subjects to determine whether they also suffered from personality disorders. FFM (five factor model of personality) of the subjects were measured with NEO-PI-R.Results: 32 of 44 (72%) OCD patients also met DSM-IV-TR criteria for personality disorder. Subjects with PDs demonstrated high Neuroticism (67.9?7.7), low Extraversion (39.0?10.2), low Agreeableness (42.6?7.7), low Conscientiousness (39.3?12.4), and normal Openness to Experience (45.9?8.8). Subjects without PDs, however, scored normally except for low Openness to Experiences (38.3?13.4).Conclusion: Deviant FFM characters of OCD patients with PDs suggesting that they often experience neglect emotion, introversion, and interpersonal confliction. Low openness to experiences of subjects without PDs indicates that they lack of curiosity, have relatively narrow interest and conservative ideas.

Objective To investigate the effect of Fushenjiangxianning on renal protein kinase C(PKC),renal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),renal platelet-derived growth factor ?(PDGF-?),and renal protection in diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats.Methods The diabetic SD rats induced by STZ were divided into four groups: diabetic control group,Fushenjiangxianning group,Irbesartan group, and Fushenjiagxianning combined with Irbesartan group,and the normal control group as well.After the experimental rats in every group were respectively treated for 12 weeks by above intervention methods,the relative kidney weight,blood sugar,urea nitrogen(Bun),serum creatinine(Scr),and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were detected by routine analysis methods,and PKC and VEGF in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical techniques,and PDGF-? in renal tissue was detected by Western blotting,and ultramicrostructure of kidney was observed by transmission electron microscope.ResultsThe expression of renal cortex PKC and VEGF was increased in diabetic rats.The ultramicrostructure of kidney was noticeably changed,and the blood sugar,UAER,BUN,Scr,relative kidney weight,and PDGF-? were significantly increased in diabetic rats.While the above indexes in Fushenjiangxianning group,Irbesartan group,and Fushenjiangxianning combined with Irbesartan group were significantly lower than those in diabetic control group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Jieju Fushenning(JFN) on platelet-derived growth factor B(PDGF-B) and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) expression in renal tissue of rats with diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods The diabetic SD rats induced by STZ were divided into four groups:model group,JJFSN group,irbesartan group and JFN combined with irbesartan group. Meanwhile,a normal control group was set up. The rats in each group received corresponding treatment for 12 weeks. The urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) was detected by routine analysis method,and PDGF-B and BMP-7 expression in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical techniques. PDGF-B expression in renal tissue was detected by Western blot,and the ultrastructure of kidney was observed by transmission electron microscope. Results The expression of BMP-7 was decreased and PDGF-B expression was increased in renal cortex of the model group. PDGF-B expression was obviously decreased and BMP-7 expression was increased in JFN group,irbesartan group and JFN combined with irbesartan group compared with those in the model group(P

In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of propofol, 8 adult patients, ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, scheduled for elective operation under general anesthesia,served as the subjects. After the injection bolus of propofol 2mg?kg~_(-1) was given, the venous blood samples were taken at various times to measure the plasma concentrations of propofol by high performance liquid chromatography. The data were analysed using PKBP-NI program. The results showed that the disposition of propofol was mathematically described by three compartment open motile, the distribution was rapid and extensive with slow balance among three compartments,and the eliminative duration was short. It is indicated that propofol is applicable for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of using CYP2C19 gene to guide the use of antiplatelet agents in acute cor-onary syndrome(ACS)patients undergoing interventional operation in China from the viewpoint of pharmacoeconomics. METH-ODS:Based on global PLATO trial data,the patients were divided into 3 groups according to treatment strategies(clopidogrel group,ticagrelor group,genetic test group). By applying Treeage Pro 2011 software,short-term decision tree model and long-term Markov model were established,and related data were imported to evaluate cost-effectiveness of different treatment strategies. RE-SULTS&CONCLUSIONS:For ACS patients,according to the level of GDP in China,conventional use of ticagrelor is of pharma-coeconomic advantage for in Shanghai and uninsured patients insured patients;the use of antiplatelet agents guided by CYP2C19 gene test is of pharmacoeconomic advantage among nationwide insured patients.

Effects of Lycium barbarian polysaccharide (LBP), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus (PAS) and polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (PS) on cytotoxicities of LAK cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mices were observed with 18 h 125IUdR release assay. Our study demonstrated that the polysaccharides alone were shown to induce no cytotoxicities. When combined with rIL-2, all of 4 kinds of the polysaccharides augrnented LAK activities in dose-dependent manner. The augmentations reached the maximum at 0.01-0.1 mg ? ml-1 LBP, 0.01 mg ? ml-1 APS and PAS, 0.01 mg ? ml-1 PS. They were found to increase LAK activities in short range of rIL-2 concentrations (250-1000U? ml-1). If the polysaccharides were used beyond the suitable concentrations, they were shown to inhibit LAK cell activities.

Objective To discuss the mechanism about exercise preconditioning (EP) protected myocardium by means of regulate NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathways on exhausted exercise rats. Methods The male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (C group), no EP on exhausted exercise group (EE group), 3dEP + EE group, and 3wEP + EE group, with 12 rats in each group. In C group and EE group, the rats had not done exercise, while EE group took an exhausted swimming exercise with 3% heavy weight on tail at the end of 3 weeks; 3dEP + EE group and 3wEP + EE group exercised according to the standard of swimming for 60 minutes every day (swam 15 minutes, took a rest for 5 minutes, repeated 3 times), 6 days in a week, and were trained for 3 days and 3 weeks respectively, and took an exhausted swimming exercise on the last day. A light microscope and electron microscope were used to observe the myocardial histopathology and ultrastructure change, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of serum interleukin (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The protein expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were detected by Western Blot. The correlations among all the parameters were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Under the light microscope and electron microscope, the myocardial fiber morphological structure was normal, neatly, and no interstitial edema, muscle membrane damage or myocardial cell swellen was found in C group. In EE group, heart tissues were stained obviously uneven, a large number of myocardial fibers were fractured and messed, interstitial fibers were hyperplasiaed and edema moderately, much of myocardial cells were edema and necrosis, inflammatory cells were infiltrated, the number of average infiltration inflammatory cells was highest, mitochondria were edema seriously, part of the crest and a small number of membrane were blended together, fuzzy and crest were fractured, sarcomere were disordered; 3dEP + EE group and 3wEP + EE group heart tissues injuries were obviously alleviated, among the three groups, and the best results were in 3wEP + EE group. Compared with C group, the serum contents of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, hs-CRP, CK-MB, BNP and heart tissues protein expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in EE group were significantly increased [IL-1β (μg/L): 18.77±1.28 vs. 12.00±1.55, IL-18 (μg/L): 236.79±15.73 vs. 150.74±7.09, IL-6 (μg/L): 59.31±9.17 vs. 34.65±2.89, hs-CRP (mg/L): 469.37±137.73 vs. 107.15±14.22, CK-MB (U/L): 15.57±0.91 vs. 7.40±0.40, BNP (ng/L): 532.08±63.44 vs. 386.96±34.77, NLRP3 protein (gray value): 0.66±0.07 vs. 0.16±0.06, caspase-1 protein (gray value): 0.96±0.08 vs. 0.48±0.06, all P < 0.01]. Compared with EE group, the above indicators in 3dEP + EE group and 3wEP + EE group were remarkably decreased, each index in 3wEP + EE group was lower than that in 3dEP + EE group except BNP [IL-1β (μg/L): 14.26±1.42 vs. 16.57±1.81, IL-18 (μg/L): 168.49±7.05 vs. 191.92±14.16, IL-6 (μg/L): 32.62±3.81 vs. 45.61±6.20, hs-CRP (mg/L): 207.06±41.68 vs. 339.56±89.65, CK-MB (U/L): 9.97±1.08 vs. 13.10±0.78, NLRP3 protein (gray value): 0.33±0.07 vs. 0.48±0.06, caspase-1 protein (gray value): 0.65±0.06 vs. 0.79±0.02, all P < 0.01; BNP (ng/L): 432.53±32.03 vs. 478.46±44.79, P > 0.05]. A positive correlation was shown among IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, hs-CRP, BNP, CK-MB, NLRP3, and caspase-1 (all P < 0.01). Conclusions EP can reduce inflammatory reaction by regulating the NLRP3 inflammatory signal pathways, and protect the myocardial injury. The protection of the heart by long-term EP is more obvious than that of short-term EP.

Objective To investigate the training methods decreasing parrot speech and producing active speech for autistic children.MethodsOne autistic child with parrot speech was trained with methods of closure, stress, rhyme and tongue antitheses.ResultsAfter 5 months training, the parrot speech of the child decreased and active speech increased significantly.ConclusionThe parrot speech of autistic children can be improved with educational training and multi-sensory input.

Objective To discuss the application of run?through wire stretch technique in the procedure of endovascular therapy for complex subclavian artery occlusive diseases. Methods The clinical data of 22 patients who were diagnosed complex subclavian artery occlusive diseases were retrospectively analyzed from June 2013 to January 2016 in vascular surgery department of Wangjing Hospital .The patients were treated endovascular therapy using run?through wire stretch technique in all procedures successfully. Results The complex subclavian artery occlusive diseases were including long segment occlusion of the left subclavian artery and ostial stenosis or occlusion of the right subclavian artery. The left subclavian artery occlusion patients was 16 and right subclavian artery ostial stenosis or occlusion was 6. The technical success rate was 100%. All patients were using combination of femoral artery and brachial artery approach. Run?through wire stretch technique was used in the procedure of endovascular therapy, which had improved the technical success rate. After the treatment the symptom improvement rate was 88%. The symptoms of upper limb and posterior circulation ischemia were improved. Conlusion Upper limb artery combined femoral artery approachand run?through wire stretch technique can improve the recanalization in the procedure of endovascular therapy for complex subclavian artery occlusive diseases.