Objective To investigate risk factors which affect the prognosis of children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Methods A total of 56 cases of RMS were evaluated in a retrospective analysis.Results In univariate analysis, tumor' s primary location and size, pathologic type, clinical stage,operation effect and therapeutic strategy were associated with prognosis of children with RMS (P <0.05). In multivariate analysis, clinical stage was an independent prognostic factor of RMS (x 2 = 8.762, P=0.003).Conclusion Tumor ' s primary location and size, pathologic type ,clinical stage, operation effect and therapeutic strategy are associated with the survival of children with RMS. Clinical stage is an independent prognostic factor of RMS. The therapeutic strategy combined with operation, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase the survival rate.

Objective To explore the feasibility of mouse muscle-derived cells with adenovirus-mediated expression of BMP-2 in the treatment of mouse tibia bone defect via collagen sponge as scaffold. Methods Mouse adenovirus BMP-2 plasmids were prepared and identified by PCR.The adherent cells of muscle-derived stem cells cultured in vitro were passaged,cells of the third generation were selected,and recombinant Ad-BMP-2 plasmids were expressed and incubated in mouse myoblasts.The number of BMP-2 positive cells was measured using indirect immunofluorescence method,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) method was adopted to determine the cell activity in each group.The mouse models of proximal tibial bone defect were established(n=80) and were divided into Ad-BMP-2 transfection group,Ad-LacZ transfection group,blank group and Ad-BMP-2 implantation group.The histological and radiological changes were observed 3 weeks after operation. Results It was revealed by indirect immunofluorescence that BMP-2 positive cells were frequently found in Ad-BMP-2 transfection group,while none were observed in Ad-LacZ transfection group and blank group.The ALP activity was higher in Ad-BMP-2 transfection group,while that was extremely low in Ad-LacZ transfection group and blank group.There was most typical imaging of repair and healing of bone defect in Ad-BMP-2 transfection group,followed by Ad-BMP-2 implantation group,while there was no typical imaging in Ad-LacZ transfection group and blank group. Conclusion The constructed Ad-BMP-2 plasmids can effectively transfect mouse muscle-derived cells,and the transfected cells can continuously express effective amount of BMP-2.The mouse muscle-derived cells with adenovirus-mediated expression of BMP-2 play a definite role in the treatment of bone defect,which provides an effective method and material for clinical application.

0.05)respectively.Conclusions:Treatment of condylar process fracture should be based on the type of the fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristic chromatogram of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et Radix and its decoction pieces by HPLC for the identification of authentic and counterfeit products. METHODS: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used with Agilent Zorbax C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The detector was a secondary tube array (DAD). The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃, the flow rate was 1.0 mL•min-1, and the injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS: Fifteen batches of genuine crude drug and twelve batches of genuine decoction pieces were determined. Five common peaks were found, among which three peaks were 2-benzoxazolinone, indigo and indirubin. CONCLUSION: The established characteristic chromatogram of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et Radix can effectively distinguish the authentic from the counterfeit. The methodological demonstration shows that the method is accurate, stable and reproducible.

BACKGROUND: With the improvement of biomaterial and further recognition in aetabular revision, the main tendency is using biologic prosthesis for mild or moderate acetabular bone defect in total hip revision. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of simple particulate bone grafting on mild or moderate acetabular bone defect in total hip revision. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis. All cases were from Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from June 2003 to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 patients with mild or moderate acetabular bone defect who received total hip revision were from Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. Among them, there were 5 male and 5 female, with an average of 58.8 years old from 43 to 77 years old. Their last replace time were 3-10 years, with an average of (7.0?0.5) years. Two of them in the last replacement used cement components, three used cementless, four used mixture, and one used dipolar artificial thigh bone. According to AAOS typing, there were 6 cases of type Ⅰ and 4 cases of type Ⅱ. The average preoperative Harris hip joint score was 40.6. METHODS: Simple particulate bone grafting combined with biologic prosthesis was used to treat the 10 patients with mild or moderate acetabular defects. All operations were at the posterolateral approach. The acetabular cup and screw fixation were performed after grafting. The postoperative effect should be evaluated by clinical and X-ray manifestations. MAIN OBJECTIVE INDEX: The bone grafting time, bleeding volume, Harris score and complications in the perioperative period were recorded. RESULTS: All patients were adopted simple particulate bone grafting combined with biologic prosthesis to reconstruct the acetabular bone defects. One acetalum cup was found loose after one month. The titanium plate combined with particulate bone grafting was used in the second revision. At 3 months after operation, the patient could walk without crutch. No complication was found in other patients. An average of 3 years following-up was obtained. The average Harris score was 87.0. Except one acetalum cup was found loose, the X-ray showed that the bed of acetabulum and particulate bone was good healing and there was no complete transparent zone. There was no patient with displacement of acetalum cup. No osteolysis in any patient. The particulate bone and host bone had a good healing. CONCLUSION: The simple particulate bone grafting is simple and effective for mild or moderate acetabular bone defects with the good follow-up result in early period.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endovascular embolotherapy treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCF) via superior ophthalmic vein(SOV).Methods From June 1996 to June 2006,a total of 32 patients(16 female) with complex CCF underwent endovascular embolotherapy treatment through the SOV.All of the patients visited doctor due to ocular signs and symptoms.Nine patients with direct CCF had previously undergone partial arterial balloons embolotherapy.The other 23 patients were hard mater CCF,and of which 3 had underwent NBCA,embolotherapy with line section or PVA particle.In the angiographic suite all patients underwent general anesthesia,SOV was catheterized through the eyebrow incision.Cavernous sinus was packed with free coils,detachable coils or balloons and NBCA.Results Complete embolism of the arteriovenous shunt was achieved in 81.3%(26/32).A minor residual shunt(without cortical or ocular drainage) remained in 12.5%(4/32).Only SOV was occluded in 6.2%(2/32).All patients were clinical improvement without complications.No death and permanent disability occurred.No recurrence was observed during follow-up of mean time of 3.5 years in 22 outpatients.Conclusion The operative approach to SOV is straightforward and several kind of embolic materials can be used to embolize the cavernous sinus.Endovascular occlusion of cavernous sinus through the SOV is an efficient and safe treatment in CCF.

Objective:To study the effects of IL 6、IL 1? and TNF? on the expression of c fos and c jun,which may provide the foundation for a further study in clinic.Methods:Used the a model of primary culture of human fetal cerebral neurons in serum free medium,by DNA RNA dot blot hybrdization.Results:The expression of c fos and c jun was increased between 15 min to 30 min after stimulation,reached a maximum at 1 h and declined over the subsequent 1 h.Conclusion:IL 6、IL 1? and TNF ? have induce the expression of c fos and c jun during development of human fetal cerebral neurons in vitro at the level of transcription.

Objective:To study the effects of Il 6?IL 1??TNF? on the growth and development of cultured human fetal cerebral neurons.Methods:Established the model of primary culture of human fetal cerbral neurons in SFFD,by morphological observation and MTT assay.Results:IL 6 and IL 1? both promote the survival of neurons and IL 6 also promote the outgrowth of neuritis and differentiation of neurons in culture.TNF ? continuously inhibit the survival of neurons.Conclusion:IL 6?IL 1??TNF? can effect the development of cultured neurons.IL 6 and IL 1? both may effect as neurotrophic factor in the survival?growth and development by indirect mechanism.TNF? directly show neurotoxin effect in culture.

Objective To explore the application of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in screening the defects of fetal brain and skull.Methods Thirty-one cases of the fetal were detected in 3D ultrasonography.The ultrasonic data were compared with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and pathology.Results Among 31 cases according to 3D ultrasonography,there were 2 of anencephaly, 1 of exencephaly,2 of encephalocele,5 of holoprosencephaly,2 of arachnoidcyst, 1 of vein of Galen aneurysm,2 of agenesis of the corpus callosum, 1 of schizencephaly, 3 of Dandy-Walker syndrome, 7 of ventriculomegaly, and 5 of enlargement of cisterna magna.Compared with the results of MRI,the diagnostic accordance rate was 100% by 3D,it was 93.5% by 2D.Conclusions The structure of fetal brain and skull were viewed more clearly in 3D ultrasonography than 2D ultrasonography and the defects of fetal brain and skull can screened more exactly.

Objective To study the effect of radiotherapy and prognostic factors for patients with post-operative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal carcinoma. Methods From 2000 to 2005,91 patients with esophageal carcinoma who developed post-operative loco-regional recurrence were analyzed retrospectively. The interval between surgery and recurrence was 1 -35 months, with a median interval of 11.1 months. There were 4 patients with anastomosis relapse, 6 with anastomosis and mediastinal lymph nodes relapse,4 with abdominal lymph node relapse, 20 with supra-clavicular lymph node relapse, 34 with mediastinal lymph node relapse, and 23 with mediastinal and supra-clavicular lynph node relapse. There were 56 and 35 patients who received conventional and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy respectively, with a total radiation dose of 50 -70 Gy. Sixty-eight patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Results The follow-up rate was 95%. The 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 52%, 20% and 14%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the recurrence time (P = 0. 001), postoperative stage (P =0. 000), radiation dose (P =0. 001) ,overall response rate (P =0. 000) ,T stage (P =0. 028), and N stage (P = 0. 003) were related with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the recurrence time (P =0. 014), postoperative stage (P = 0. 006), radiation dose (P = 0. 009), overall response rate (P = 0. 000)were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions Radiotherapy may improve the survival of esophageal carcinoma patients with postoperative recurrence. Patients with long recurrence-free time, early stage, high response rates, and radiation dose of higher than 60 Gy have better prognosis.