Gastrointestinal motility disorders are in high incidence in children.Due to moderate prokinetic effects,poor symptomatic responses and the presence of adverse effects,there is a clear need for new classes of prokinetics.Currently available drug classes in adult include antidopami-nergic agents,serotonergic agents,and motilin-receptor while there are less available drug classes in children.The aim of the present article is to review and address the present use of promotility drugs in the treatment of different gastrointestinal motor disorders,as well as the potential for future developments.

Abnormal reaction in preventive vaccination is the serious adverse reaction happened in regular vaccination. Department of government and producer of vaccines are liable legislatively. In my opinion, relief fund for abnormal reaction should be established to cover the damage of victims and to decrease the risk of government and enterprises.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose insulin [1 U/(kg·d)] in combination with selenium [180 g/(kg·d)] on general physiological parameters and glucose transporter (GLUT4) level in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with insulin, selenium, and insulin and selenium in combination for four weeks. The level of blood glucose was determined using One Touch SureStep Blood Glucose meter and the level of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: Our data showed that insulin in combination with selenium could significantly lower blood glucose level and restore the disturbance in GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle. Treatment with insulin was only partially effective in restoring diabetic alterations. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a synergistic action between insulin and selenium, and that treatment of diabetic rats with combined doses of insulin and selenium is effective in the normalization of blood glucose level and correction of altered GLUT4 distribution in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose insulin [1 U/(kg·d)] in combination with selenium [180 g/(kg·d)] on general physiological parameters and glucose transporter (GLUT4) level in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with insulin, selenium, and insulin and selenium in combination for four weeks. The level of blood glucose was determined using One Touch SureStep Blood Glucose meter and the level of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: Our data showed that insulin in combination with selenium could significantly lower blood glucose level and restore the disturbance in GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle. Treatment with insulin was only partially effective in restoring diabetic alterations. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a synergistic action between insulin and selenium, and that treatment of diabetic rats with combined doses of insulin and selenium is effective in the normalization of blood glucose level and correction of altered GLUT4 distribution in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

Objective To improve the understanding of tuberculosis X-ray performance at Linzhi region in the east of Tibet,in order to better guide clinical early diagnosis.Methods The X -ray image characteristics of 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from Linzhi region in the east of Tibet were retrospectively analyed,Original they all took chest plain films at initial diagnosis.Results The original hairstyle tuberculosis was not found;Blood type disseminated tuberculosis in 5 cases (16%).Composition of mixed density shadow image performance,calcification and satellite stove were founded;Invasion tuberculosis were in 8 cases (26%),images showed two pulmonary diffuse distribution of nodular shadows;Hollow fiber tuberculosis were in 17 cases (58%),images showed empty,fibrosis, endobronchial spread of three characteristics,and lesions was wide,especially with effusion infiltration priority,which were distributed in the lung base and at the front.Conclusion Plateau pulmonary tuberculosis with invasion and fiber cavity is given priority to,and have a specific image characteristics,it can be used for diagnosis.And its X -ray per-formance are significantly different from that of mainland cities.

Objective To investigate the effect of heat sensitive moxibustion combined with Bushen Huoxue traditional Chinese medicine for treating sterility due to ovulatory dysfunction, provide evidence-based medicine proof for clinical treatment of ovulation dysfunction infertility optimization scheme.Methods This was a prospective, randomized, parallel controlled study.The control group injected recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin ( HCG) by intramuscular, the observation group used the traditional Chinese medicine heat sensitive moxibustion combined with Bushe Huoxue herbs therapy, with the total curative effect, the ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, B ultrasound follicle image as the main observation indexes to judge the effect of treatment.Results After treatment, the of control group and treatment group patients were able to ovulate; the total effective rate of treatment group was 100%, slightly higher than the control group, by Ridit analysis, R =0.523, P =0.720; after treatment, two groups of pregnancy success rate approaches, P=0.243, with no significant difference; the average healing time was shorter than that of control group (P<0.05); the diameter of the largest follicle increased in two groups after treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant;the treatment group improved the total efficiency of the kidney deficiency was higher than that in control group, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Application of combined treatment of Bushen Houxue herbs and heat sensitive moxibustion can improve the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in patients of ovulation dysfunction infertility with kidney deficiency and blood stasis, convenient and economic.

Objective To investigate the possible risk factors for lead poisoning in order to prevent the lead poisoning in children.Methods One thousand and fifty-five children aged 5 months to 16 years who were outpatients in Beijing children′s hospital were chosen. Blood lead was analyzed by 3010-B lead analyzer for each child.Also the risk factors were recorded by using a standardized questionnaire.Results The mean level of blood lead was(110.1?41.9) ?g/L with the occurrence of lead poisoning (blood lead ≥100 ?g/L) at 43.51%.No difference were found in blood lead level among different age groups.Several environmental and social factors were found to be related to lead poisoning in children,such as non-balanced diet,rarely hand washing,frequent eating crisp foods,not frequency of calcium and zinc supplementation and frequency of room decoration.Conclusion Unhealthy dietary and life styles contribute to lead poisoning in children.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of navel acupuncture in treating lumbar spinal stenosis. Method A total of 120 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 60 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by navel acupuncture based on syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine, while the control group was intervened by oral administration of Bulleyaconitine A tablets, 10 d as a treatment course, for successive 2 courses. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was observed before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate was 98.3% in the treatment group versus 76.6% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The VAS scores were significantly changed after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05); the VAS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group after the treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion Navel acupuncture is an effective approach in treating lumbar spinal stenosis.

AIM:To investigate the effects of insulin on drug sensitivity of Etoposide(Vp-16) to MBA-MD-543(human breast cancer cell line) in vitro.METHODS:Insulin was applied directly to the MBA-MD-543 cultured in vitro.The effects of insulin and Vp-16 on the number of viable cell,the total number of cells were assayed by MTT method and cell count.RESULTS: Insulin could induce the cell growth and promote the cell metabolism at the concentration(4.0)-(32.0)(mU?ml~(-1))(8-18 hours).At the condition of same density of cells,the administration of insulin((7.5)(mU?ml~(-1))) before adding Vp-16 in 9-15 h,enhanced the chemocytotoxity of Vp-16((70.09)(?g?ml~(-1))) on human breast cancer cells as indicated by MTT colorimetry.CONCLUSION: Proliferation of human breast cancer cell line can be induced by insulin,and insulin can sensitize MBA-MD-543 to the anticancer activity of Vp-16 in vitro. The key of improving the chemotherapeutic effect is the selection of revulsant occasion and concentration.It is possible to increase the growth and metabolism of cancer cells first so as to enhance the chemosensibility,and then administer chemotherapeutic agents,thus improving their theraeutic effects.

A variety of opportunistic infections can occur in the late-stage of HIV-1 infection,Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common cause of disseminated bacterial infection. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART),the rate of MAC infection has declined substantially,but there is risk in individuals with low CD4 cell counts. This article describes the epidemiological,clinical,therapeutic and preventive aspects of MAC infection in HIV-sero-positive individuals.