Objective To observe the liver function changes in patients after enteral nutrition through nasal jejunal tube.Methods Altogether 74 inpatients requiring enteral nutrition were collected for this study from September 2011 to August 2014 in the Intensive Care Unit of Zhengzhou People's Hospital and divided into 2 groups with random number table:the nasal jejunal tube group (n =36) and the nasogastric tube group (n ＝38),with nasal jejunal tube and nasogastric tube inserted,respectively,for early enteral nutrition.We observed the two groups of patients in terms of liver function indexes on day 7 and day 14 after starting enteral nutrition.Results In the nasal jejunal tube group,31 patients (86.11％) showed abnormality in at least 1 liver function index,while that number was 23 in the nasogastric tube group (60.53％),with significant inter-group difference (x2 =6.136,P =0.013).On day 7 after enteral nutrition,there were no significant differences in alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) and albumin (ALB) between the two groups [(39.1 ± 8.6) U/L vs.(42.3 ±8.9) U/L,t=-1.475,P=0.145;(36.2±6.8) U/Lvs.(38.0±7.1) U/L,t=-1.237,P=0.220;(61.8±11.5) U/Lvs.(63.1 ±13.2) U/L,t=-0.696,P=0.489;(47.3±8.2) U/Lvs.(50.5±7.5) U/L,t=-1.640,P=0.106;(35.2±6.7) g/Lvs.(36.2±7.4) g/L,t=-0.610,P=0.543];but on day 14,the nasal jejunal tube group had significantly higher levels of ALP,γ-GGT,and ALB compared with the nasogastric tube group [(201.2 ± 15.2) U/L vs.(116.5 ± 13.6) U/L,t =-25.380,P =0.000;(109.4±7.2) U/Lvs.(49.2±6.5) U/L,t=-37.665,P=0.000;(37.2±7.1) g/Lvs.(30.1±6.5) g/L,t =-4.490,P =0.000].On day 7 and day 14,there were no statistically significant differences in totalbilirubin [(4.6±0.9) μmol/L vs.(4.8 ± 1.0) μmol/L,t =-0.905,P=0.368;(4.8±12) μmol/Lvs.(5.2±1.1) μmol/L,t=-1.492,P=0.140],indirect bilirubin [(6.1 ±0.8) μmol/Lvs.(6.3±0.9) μmol/L,t=-1.012,P=0.315;(6.9±0.9) μmol/L vs.(7.3±1.0) μmol/L,t=-1.811,P =0.074],and direct bilirubin [(4.0 ± 0.6) μmol/L vs.(3.9 ± 0.5) μmol/L,t =0.777,P =0.440;(5.1 ±0.8) μmol/L vs.(5.4±0.9) μmol/L,t=-1.517,P=0.134] between the nasogastric tube and the nasal jejunal tube groups.The incidence of pulmonary infection in the nasal jejunal tube group was significantly lower than that in the nasogastric tube group (30.56％ vs.55.26％,x2 =4.598,P =0.032).Conclusion Compared with enteral nutrition through nasogastric tube,enteral nutrition through nasal jejunal tube may be more likely to lead to abnormal liver function.

Currently, multimedia teaching plays a more and more important role in colleges.However, the negative effects of multimedia teaching have gradually revealed because of the neglection of its limitations. In this article, strategies were proposed from three different aspects against disadvantages of multimedia teaching in colleges in order to improve its role more effectively.

Objective To evaluate the effect about medication compliance for patients with chronic heart failure in outpatients using nursing intervention model based on Omaha system.Methods 100 patients were randomly divided into observation group(50 patients)and control group(50 patients).The two groups of patients were given routine nursing intervention,the observation group also used the Omaha system to develop care programs on this basis, and was given the implementation about continuity of care.Results On the point of the two or three months after the patients were discharged,the AHFKT -V2 questionnaire scores in the observation group[(17.690 ±1.892)points, (20.900 ±2.052)points]were significantly higher than the control group[(14.080 ±2.374)points,(18.450 ± 1.781)points],the differences were statistically significant (t =-8.488,-6.442,all P <0.05).However,the same as the points after the patients were discharged,Morisky questionnaire scores in the observation group[(1.036 ± 0.780)points,(0.487 ±0.260)points]were significantly lower than the control group[(1.54 ±1.182)points, (0.920 ±0.804)points],the differences were statistically significant(t =3.420,4.965,all P <0.05).Conclusion The use of Omaha system to develop the targeted continuity of care,can improve the patients medication compliance.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of gallic acid,naringin,hesperidin,neohesperi-din and baicalin in Qinghou liyan granule. METHODS:UPLC was performed on the column of ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile- 0.1% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 0.40 ml/min,detection wavelength was 280 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and injection volume was 1 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.048-0.480 μg for gallic ac-id(r=0.999 3),0.012-0.120 μg for naringin(r=0.999 9),0.016-0.160 μg for hesperidin(r=0.999 8),0.022-0.220 μg for neo-hesperidin(r=0.999 9)and 0.072-0.720 μg for baicalin(r=0.999 2);limit of quantitation was 2.4,1.6,1.8,1.8,1.6 ng,limit of detection was 7.5,5.0,5.6,5.6,5.0 ng;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no lower than 3.0%;recover-ies were 96.64%-102.02%(RSD=2.00%,n=6),95.86%-102.56%(RSD=2.86%,n=6),97.24%-102.54%(RSD=2.10%,n=6),97.44%-102.60%(RSD=2.40%,n=6)and 96.91%-103.13%(RSD=2.62%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid and accurate,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of gallic acid,naringin,hesperidin,neohesperidin and baicalin in Qinghou liyan granule.

Objective To observe the expression of S100β protein in the traumatic brain injury and investigate its relation to the severity of the TBI patients.Methods To collect 30 volunteer controls,30 patients with traumatic brain injury and 30 patients with trauma expect traumatic brain injury.according Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),TBI patients were divided into tow groups,the minor group is GCS≥8,the severegroup is GCS<8.ELISA method was used for observing the expression of S100β protein in serum from the controls and patients.Results Within 6 hours after TBI,the concentration of S100β protein increased higher in patients of TBI than the others(P<0.05).The concentration of S100β protein increased higher in the severe group(GCS<8)than the minor group(P<0.05).The higher level of seium S100β protein,the more severe of TBI patients,the higher level of serum S100β protein.Conclusion The serums S100β protein can be a special index for the early diagnosis of TBI,the higher level of it,The more severe of patients.

Objective To study the changes of somatostatin(SOM) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with convulsive diseases.Methods Sixty-seven children with convulsive diseases were studied as following:obtaining the samples of plasma in the 1st and 7th day after being in hospital,and the samples of CSF in the 1st after being in hospital.We investigated the changes of SOM in plasma and CSF with radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results 1.Convulsive group:the concentration of SOM in plasma in the 7th day(29.47?9.40 ng/L) was significant lower than that in the 1st day(39.23?11.00 ng/L)(t=21.530 P0.05).The concentration of SOM in plasma in the 1st day in control group was(19.58?6.04) ng/L.There were significant differences in convulsive group and encephalitis group without convulsion, control group(t= 6.847,7.921 P

Objective To strengthen the training effect of the neuro-interventional surgeons using staged target teaching method. Methods A total of 39 neurosurgeons from all over the country were trained at the Department of Interventional Radiology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from March 2012 to March 2013. In the one-year training period,the training was divided into 4 stages (each stage for 3 months). All the learning contents were phased to focus on teaching and set the target at each stage,which had a clear purpose. Questionnaires were sent to the refresher doctors at 6 months and 12 months after they returned to their original work in order to obtain the conditions about their independent work after training. Results All the 39 neurosurgeons achieved their desired goal from theory to practical operation. They mastered the holistic treatment principles of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and were familiar with and mastered the whole brain DSA and stenting techniques. At the fourth stage,as an operator, everyone had finished at least 5 extracranial artery stentings. The recovered questionnaires after the end of training showed that 95. 8%(23/24)neurosurgeons were able to perform whole brain DSA independently and held≥5 surgeries monthly;87. 5%(21/24)neurosurgeons could complete stenting independently (1 patient/month). Conclusion The staged target teaching method is a practical and effective teaching means for special technical training of neurointervention.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT mRNA and proteins in the brain of adult tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri ) .Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT mRNA in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of adult tree shrews.The expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT proteins andβ-actin was used as internal standard.Results The expression level of BDNF mRNA was highest in the hippocampus of adult tree shrew, and there were significant differences between that in the hippocampus, and basal ganglia and frontal cortex (P<0.01).The expression level of trkB mRNA was higher in the frontal cortex than in the basal ganglia and hippocampus, showing a significant difference between them ( P<0.05).The expression level of BDNF protein was significantly higher in the basal ganglia than in the hippocampus or frontal cortex (P<0.01).There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the expressions of trkB protein among the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of the adult tree shrews.There were no significant differences in expressions of ChAT mRNA and protein among the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex in adult tree shrews ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusions The expression levels of ChAT mRNA were consistent with that of ChAT protein in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of adult tree shrews, while the expression levels of BDNF and trkB mRNA were not consistent with their proteins, which might indicate that the transcriptional regulation pattern might be more complex.Tree shrew is a valuable animal model in the study of mechanism of BDNF/trkB gene expression.

Neurogenesis is a process in which the neuronal stem cells differentiate into functional neurons including the cell proliferation,differentiation and migration.Previously,it was believed that neurogenesis is a prenatal process and the adult ependymal cells are incapable of regeneration.Now it is clear that mammalian brain retains the ability to generate new ceils in specific regions.One of the regions is subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles,new generated neurons and glial cells later migrate to olfactory and repair dysosmia through the RMS road.Here we will review the advances in adult neurogenesis in mammal subventficular zone.