Objective To study the effects of home nursing on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods One hundred and eighty patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia meeting our experimental conditions were selected. They were divided into experimental group and comparative group. The experimental group had 82 cases and the average age was 68.5 ?1.2 yrs, the comparative group had 98 cases and the average age was 66.8?0.8. The first prevalence survey was carried out including history of past illnesses, international prostate symptom score, quality of life assessment, customs of life, habits of diet, circumstances of medicine and statuses of psychology. The patients of experimental group received home nursing including psychology nursing, directions of medication, reformations of customs in life and diet, strength in body exercise and kinesitherapy. The patients of comparative group did not receive any nursing measures. After two, four, six months, three prevalence surveys were carried out. At the end of each time, the data were collected and statistical treatments were processed. Results The IPSS rates of improvement in experimental group were 14.6% , 31.7% , and 52.4% . The QOL rates of improvement in experimental group were 12.2% , 34.2% , 57.3% . The IPSS rates of improvement in comparative group were 4.0%, 10.0%, 18.4%. The QOL rates of improvement in comparative group were 3.1%, 13.3%, 16.3%. There was statistical differences between two groups in international prostate symptom score and quality of life assessment (P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of enhanced immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS). METHODS:Totally 76 RNS patients were selected from 2 hospitals during Jan. 2012-Mar. 2015,and then divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,with 38 cases in each group. Two groups were given Prednisone acetate tablet 50 mg,qd;decreasing to 15 mg,qd,after urine protein returned to normal. Based on it,control group was given Leflunomide tablets 50 mg,qd;decreasing to 20 mg,qd,3 days later. Based on con-trol group,observation group was additionally given Mycophenolate mofetil dispersible tablet 750 mg,bid;decreasing to 500 mg, qd,3 months later. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Clinical efficacies,follow-up recurrence rate as well as renal function in-dexes and inflammatory cell factors before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RE-SULTS:The total response rate of observation group(92.11%)was significantly higher than control group(73.68%),and fol-low-up recurrence rate(5.26%)was significantly lower than control group(23.68%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Be-fore treatment,there was no statistical significance in renal function indexes or inflammatory cell factors between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,24 h urinary protein quantification,urinary IL-6 and IL-8 levels of 2 groups decreased significantly,while the content of serum protein increased significantly;the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with sta-tistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the content of serum creatinine between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). The incidence of ADR in the control group and the observation group was 34.21% and 44.74% respec-tively,without statistical significance between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Enhanced immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of RNS can improve renal function,reduce inflammatory reaction and long-term recurrence risk,and have good therapeu-tic efficacy and safety.

Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder (PCG)is the common malignant tumor in the biliary system.Because there is no specific clinical manifestation, patients diagnosed with PCG are mostlyin intermediate or advanced stages.Therefore, they lose the chance of radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma and have a poor prognosis.Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not effective palliative measures.Immunotherapy has become an alternative strategy besides operation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Treatment with DCs vaccines, as a new method of immunotherapy, has become more and more important.Here we review treatment with DCs vaccines in primary carcinoma of gallbladder.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of trypto-phan along the kynurenine pathway.Over expression of IDO is one of the reasons which are responsible for immune tolerance of tumor.IDO also affects the effects of the vaccine of the dendritic cell in the tumor therapy.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),cytokines and so on can regulate the expression of IDO via different regulating mechanisms.IDO participates in the local immune tolerance of tumor by three kinds of mechanisms.Further research on this immunological regulatory mechanism will be significant for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine for treatment of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic (subacute) liver failure (ACLF). Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted; 66 cases of HBV-ACLF patients were randomly divided into two groups: a test group (44 cases) and a control group (22 cases). Conventional western medicine treatment was given to both groups; the patients in test group additionally received the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in accord to the principles of differentiation of syndromes in TCM, in cases with damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome with yellow appearance, Liangxue Jiedu Huayu decoction (Paeoniae Radix Rubra 60 - 150 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 30 - 90 g, Gardeniae Fructus 9 - 12 g, Hedyotis diffusa Willd 20 - 30 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 30 g, Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma 30 - 45 g, Siegesbeckiae Herba 30 - 45 g, Bletillae Rhizoma 15 g ) was given, in cases with Qi deficiency and blood stasis with yellow appearance, Yiqi Jiedu Huayu decoction (Astragali Radix Preparata Cum Melle 30 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 30 - 60 g, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix 15 - 30 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 30 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata 10 - 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 30 g, Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma 30 - 45 g, Siegesbeckiae Herba 30 - 45 g, Gigeriae Galli Endothelium Corneum 20 g) was given, the dosage in both groups being 1 dose daily, one dose was prepared to a water decoction 250 - 300 mL which was divided into two parts, one part taken twice a day; the control group received only western medicine treatment. After 2 weeks of treatment, the clinical comprehensive curative effect, the syndrome score efficacy, and the changes of main indexes of liver function,cholinesterase (ChE), albumin (Alb), prothrombin activity (PTA) were observed in the two groups.Results The clinical total efficacy in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group [75.0% (33/44) vs. 45.5% (10/22),P < 0.05]. The syndrome score total efficacy in the test group was also higher than that in the control group [75.0% (33/44) vs. 63.6% (14/22)], but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After treatment, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and direct bilirubin (DBil) were all lower than those before treatment in both groups, while the ChE, Alb and PTA were higher than those before treatment, and the degree of changes was more significant in the test group [test group: ALT (U/L): 63.28±99.28 vs. 574.58±571.08, AST (U/L): 86.84±92.88 vs. 438.20±482.74, TBil (μmol/L): 161.90±178.34 vs. 269.46±95.10, DBil (μmol/L): 115.32±126.51 vs. 209.12±79.78, ChE (U/L): 4 239.14±1 505.00 vs. 3 341.49±1 609.40, Alb (g/L): 32.65±4.77 vs. 29.73±3.31, PTA: (69.69±44.92)% vs. (32.84±7.47)%; control group: ALT (U/L): 93.28±93.86 vs. 365.24±376.98, AST (U/L): 126.26±121.35 vs. 287.17±301.04, TBil (μmol/L): 226.80±187.38 vs. 281.02±103.73, DBil (μmol/L): 172.50±147.32 vs. 227.96±87.20, ChE (U/L): 4 484.66±1 886.53 vs. 3 918.77±1 417.77, Alb (g/L): 33.17±4.76 vs. 30.47±3.03, PTA: (63.80±36.80)% vs. (33.96±6.32)%,P < 0.05 orP < 0.01].Conclusion The combination of TCM and western medicine for treatment of HBV-ACLF can improve liver function, and the prognosis is superior to using western medicine treatment alone.

Objective To assess three-dimensional color Doppler energy (3D-CDE) in the diagnosis of liver tumors.Methods Vascular pattern of 2D- and 3D-CDE were used to analyze 106 tumors of 96 patients,and their sensitivity and specify were calculated respectively.Three-dimensional volumetric measurement was used to calculate the volume,vessel counts of tumor,as well as the ratio of vessel counts and volume,whereas vascular index (VI) of both benign and malignant lesions were assessed.Results ①Using the vascular pattern of IE as diagnosis standard of liver malignant,the sensitivity and specificity of 2D-CDE and 3D-CDE were 21.33%,100% and 81.33%,100%,respectively) using the vascular pattern of II and Ⅲ,the sensitivity and specificity were 73.33%,67.74% and 100%,45.16%,respectively.②Mean VI was 0.38 counts/cm~3 of malignant tumors and 0.18 counts/cm~3 of 31 benign tumors (P<0.05),The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing malignant tumors of liver was 78.67% and 87.10%,respectively with VI>0.30 counts/cm~3.Conclusion The vascular pattern of 3D-CDE HI and VI>0.30 counts/cm~3 may be taken as parameters for the diagnosis of malignant liver tumor.

Gastrointestinal cancer is the most prevalent cancer among malignant tumors,with a upward trend in incidence.Since there is absence of specific clinical manifestation as well as low diagnostic rate,patients diagnosed with cancer of digestive tract are mostly in intermediate or advanced stages.Therefore,they lose the best chance of surgery and have a poor prognosis. Metabonomics,a kind of high sensitivity research technology,shows great potential in the exploration of occurrence and development of malignant tumor.The aim of this study was to review the progress of application in gastrointestinal cancer by metabonomics.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of vancomycin in a hospital,and provide reference for the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retrospective survey was conducted for the medical records of 180 inpatients using vancomycin from Jan. to Jun.,2015 in the hospital. The general information,usage and dosage and pathogenic examination were summarized,do-mestic vancomycin rational use evaluation criteria was conducted to evaluate the medication rationality,summarize and analyze cor-responding inappropriate questions. RESULTS:The vancomycin drug utilization index(DUI)of 180 cases was 0.88(mainly elder-ly patients);the microbial test sample submission rate was 84.44%(152 cases);there were 74 cases (41.11%) about the drug combination;32 cases(17.87%)about unauthorized use;37 cases(20.56%)about inappropriate use,in which inappropriate sol-vent(12 cases,32.43%)and inappropriate drug combination(11 cases,29.73%)were the main types. CONCLUSIONS:The clin-ical application of vancomycin is good with no abusing phenomenon,and the microbial inspection rate is qualified in the hospital. But there still exists some problems or shortcomings when using vancomycin,it is necessary to further standardize the medication monitoring of vancomycin to ensure patients’safety.

Objective:To clarify the mechanism of immunoregulation of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) transfected interleukin 18(IL-18) after their transplantation into glioma bearing rats.Methods:Cultured BMSCs from SD rats were transfected with rmIL-18(BMSCs/IL-18).Untransfected BMSCs were used as control.Culture supernatant medium was collected for IL-18 examination at different time point by ELISA kit.After establishment of glioma bearing rats followed by BMSCs/IL-18 transplantation,serum concentration of IFN-?,IL-2 and IL-10 were examined by means of ELISA kit.And their splenocytes were cultured with C6 cells and BMSCs/IL-18 for in vitro cytotoxicity assay,and subsets of splenocyte were detected by flow cytometry.TUNEL was used to clarify apoptosis cells inside glioma and anti-CD34 staining was performed to observe microvessel density(MVD).Results:BMSCs/IL-18 could secret IL-18 long term and stably.After being transplanted with BMSCs/IL-18,serum concentration of IL-2,IFN-? in glioma bearing rats' increased obviously and serum concentration of IL-10 decreased.Flow cytometry results showed that CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes increased in the splenocytes.And rechallenge with C6 cells induced a rapid immuno-reaction.In vitro cytotoxicity assays.It was showed that BMSCs/IL-18 could stimulate splenocytes to kill C6 cells obviously.TUNEL assay showed that there were 15.74?6.23 apoptosis cells inside glioma in each view in Group 2,which was much more when compared with other groups.Microvessel density inside glioma in group 2(6.51?2.71) was lower than in group 1(13.52?3.06),group 3(12.67?2.61) and control group(14.84?1.47).Conclusion:By means of inducing Th1 cytokine and suppressing Th2 cytokine and activating cytotoxic T lymphocyte,BMSCs/IL-18 induces obviously anti-tumor activity.

0.05). The positive expression rate of p21 and p53 in gallbladder carcinoma was 62.5%(25/40) and 65.0%(26/40) respectively. The expression values of p21 and p53 in chronic cholecystitis was 2.5%(1/40) and 5.0%(2/40) respectively, which was significantly different from that of gallbladder carcinoma ( P