OBJECTIVE:To survey the implementation of pharmaceutical care in various levels of medical institutions in Shanghai and introduce the foreign experience in order to find out defect and orientation in the field of pharmaceutical care in China. METHODS:The pharmaceutical care practices of clinical pharmacists in sampled hospitals were surveyed using questionnaire in order to survey the status quo of the implementation of clinical pharmacy projects in various levels of hospitals in Shanghai. The focused projects were evaluated to analyze the advantage and disadvantage of pharmaceutical care provided by clinical pharmacists in various levels of hospitals and orientation of pharmaceutical care in the future. RESULTS:Medical care and pharmaceutical care in China which were different from foreign model of pharmaceutical care with community pharmacy as main model presented multi-level operating model. The scales of pharmacy in China were ranged from community-based health service station to grade A class three hospital according to the rank of hospital. CONCLUSION:The development of pharmaceutical care in China requires clinical pharmaceutical staff overcome the difficulty and strive to make innovation.

Today, the direction of litigation reformation is changing trial pattern to be trial-centered and making the trial substantialized. Under this background, the relevant provisions have been launched from the supreme people's court and other departments to make sure that the forensic expert will appear in court and accept cross-examination, and this phenomenon should be normalized and substantiated. In order to ensure the expert opinion can be fully and effectively cross-examined, the medico-legal expert should fulfill obligations, such as respect for the court, answer questions honestly and explain expert opinions. We find that some problems show up in this process: the rate of forensic expert appearing in court is low; the legal nature of expert opinion is not clear; the requirements are not clear;the conflict between forensic expert opinion and other forms of expert evidence, including auxiliary expert, is very clearly. Based on this situation, the author give some suggestions to the forensic expert: keep on learning to improve professional skill; improve the legal knowledge; pay attention to practice and strengthen the ability of expression.

Velpatasvir is a new generation of NS5A inhibitors, and combined with marketed sofosbuvir, compound tablets Epclusa was obtained and approved by FDA in June, 2016, which is used for the treatment of adult patients infected with chronic hepatitis C vi-rus ( HCV) with all genotypes. The mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and safety of Epclusa were reviewed in this article.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation and quality control methods of Tinidazole rod(TR) and observe its clinical therapeutic efficacy.METHODS:To determine the content of Tinidazole by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and observe the clinical therapeutic efficacy in 45 patients with periodontitis.RESULTS:The average recovery of Tinidazole was 99.06%(RSD=1.03%).The effective rate of TR in treating periodontitis was 93.33%.CONCLUSION:The preparation of TR is reasonable in technology,stable in quality,feasible in quality control and reliable in therapeutic efficacy.It is worth popularizing the application of this preparation.

Objective To explore the correlation between adenoid hypertrophy and secretory otitis media.Methods The cases of adenoid hypertrophy were screened and selected by nasopharyngeal lateral X ray.We chose 58 normal children after the clinical examination as control group.In accordance with the degree of adenoid hypertrophy,they were divided into three groups:the normal group,middle-grade and high-grade groups of adenoid hypertrophy with the association between the degree of adenoidal hypertrophy and the incidence rate of secretory otitis media analyzed.Results There was no difference in the incidence rate of secretory otitis media between the normal and middle-grade groups.The incidence rates of secretory otitis media were significantly different between the normal and high-grade groups(P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of secvetory otitis media and the degree of adenoid hypertrophy showed positive correlation.The greater is the size of adenoids, the severer is the degree of obstruction of the nasopharyngeal cavity and the higher is the incidence of secretory otitis media.

Long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs) refer to such a kind of RNAs which possess none or very few open reading frames,thus could only encode none or little protein.Recent studies suggest that LncRNAs tissue-specially expressed in several human cancers,and might play a key role in the diagnosis and prognostic of these malignant neoplasms.

Objective Established the model of atherosclerosis (AS) cells.To explore Hydrogen sulfide donor (NaHS) in atherosclerosis model by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced of the NF-κBp65 factor expression.MethodsApplication concentration of 80ug/mL ox-LDL induced liver cancer cell HepG2 cells AS model, set up a control group and treatment group (10μmol/L、15μmol/L、30μmol/L、100μmol/L、500μmol/L、1000μmol/L), to observe hydrogen sulfide this cell model of the cell proliferation activity and the determination of TNF-α and IL-10 factors of the expression, through the RT-qPCR and Western-blot method for determining the expression of the NF-κBp65 expression situation.ResultsAt 24h the ox-LDL induced a large number of red-stained granules, free cholesterol and total cholesterol in HepG2 cells increased, and free cholesterol content was more than 50% of total cholesterol in HepG2 cells, indicating that AS cell model was established successfully.CCK8 method of cell proliferation activity test results showed that the NaHS in 30umol/L, duration of 48 h when the largest cell proliferation activity.The TNF-α cytokine by ELISA method for testing the results showed that the treatment group in 15umol/L and 30umol/L concentration compared with the control group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the expression of IL-10 increased significantly (P<0.05), with statistical significance.RT-qPCR and Western-blot method results show that the NF-κBp65 factor expression significantly reduced compared with control group (P<0.05), with statistical significance.ConclusionH2S play a protective role in atherosclerotic lesions by reducing the NF-κBp65 factor expression, and provide a valuable reference for the development and clinical treatment of H2S donor-type drugs.

Bronchial Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis ; surgery

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) is an important member of the human immune cells. Recentyears, the recognition of the PMN function and the relationship between PMN and periodontitis have been updated. Besidesthe pathogens killing and phagocytosis, PMN also play an important role in immunoregulation and proresolving. The maintaining of PMN homeostasis is an intricate process and the precondition of defense function, which involves activation, adhesion, recruitment, apoptosis and efferocytosis. The regulatory mechanism of PMN homeostasis called neutrophil rheostat, it works through several cytokines and cells. Any factors that break the homeostasis will result in the damage of host immunity,and may relate to the occurrence of periodontitis. Moreover, PMN dysfunction, because of host factors or microorganism factors, is closely related to periodontitis, especially those associated with systemic diseases and gene defect.
Cytokines ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; Periodontitis ; Phagocytosis

Objective To understand the etiology and clinical features of childhood bronchiectasis in China. Methods Data of 182 children diagnosed with bronchiectasis admitted in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 1991 to May, 2015, and more than 20 cases in the Chinese literatures since 1990 were reviewed. Results The top three causes of bronchiectasis in 182 children (114 boys, 68 girls, median age:118 months) in Chongqing were post-infection, primary immunodeficiency and foreign body, with frequency of 29.7%, 7.7%, and 7.1%, respectively. Chronic wet cough was the most frequent feature. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis usually need to combine with chest CT findings, which showed that the lesions were at left lower lobe, right middle lobe and right lower lobe. The choice of antibiotics was based on bacterial cultures of respiratory secretions, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated bacteria in Chongqing. The most common three causes of bronchiectasis in children according to data of 572 cases ( 347 boys, 225 girls) in 7 cities of China including Chongqing were the same with that of Chongqing, 45.5%, 7.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusion Early diagnosis, identification of etiology and comprehensive management of bronchiectasis in children are benefitial for prognosis.