Objective To observe the effect of diabetic retinopathy on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)from peripheral blood.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into control group and diabetes group.The rats in diabetes group were induced with streptozotocin(STZ)injection for diabetic retinopathy model.Flow cytometry was used to identify and count the number of EPCs from peripheral blood at 1 week.1,3 and 6 months after injection.All eyeballs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining,periodic acid-Schiffs(PAS)staining of trypsin-digested retinal vessels flat preparation and transmission electron microscope.EPCs count,and the relationship between DR morphological changes and EPCs count were compared and analyzed.Results The quantity of EPCs from peripheral blood at 1 week,1,3 and 6 months after STZ injection were 25±7,28±8,39±7,43±7 cells per 200 000 monocytes respectively,which decreased compared with the control group 45±4 cells per 200 000 monocytes(F=8.933,P＜0.0 1).The quantity of EPCs was gradually increased at 1 week,1,3 and 6 months after STZ injection,accompanied with responsive pathological changes of retinal structure and vessels.The thickness of retina at 1 week and 1 month after injection were reduced slightly.The number of retinal ganglion cells reduced,with the time passing by.Endothelial cells were edema,mitochondrial was swollen,capillary basement membrane was thicken,lumen was significant stenosis,lumen occlusion and retinal artery aneurysm were observed at 6 months after STZ injection.Conclusion The number of EPCs increases gradually throughout the development of DR.

Ischemia and reperfusion of rat hearts were produced by Langendorff per-fusion technique. The energy tranduction of the mitochondria isolated from the rat heartswas studied. The initial rate of proton ejection and eldectron transfering were measured.There was no significant difference of H~+/2_e ratio between the ischemic group and thecontrol group which was reduced only in the reperfusion group. The longer was the is-chemic period before reperfuaion, the smaller would be the H~+/2_e ratio. The lowering ofH~+/2_e ratio occurred earlier than that of the ADP/O ratio. RCR and ADP/O in shortperiod ischcmia group and reperfusion group were both much higher than that of the con-trol group.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estrogen Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

Objective: To observe the tropism of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to intracranial glioma and their differentiation in the brain of rats bearing glioma, and to investigate the corresponding mechanism. Methods: The in vitro tropism of cultured BMSCs to glioma cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(FGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) were observed under microscope and detected by performing Transwell experiment. The in vivo tropism of BMSCs to intracranial glioma was observed by immunofluorescence method. The differentiation of BMSCs was induced in vitro and observed. After BMSCs were transplanted in the brain of glioma-bearing rats for 15 days, their in vivo differentiation was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Results: BMSCs displayed obvious in vitro tropism to glioma, PDGF, and EGF and in vivo tropism to intracranial glioma. They could migrate to satellite lesions of glioma in vivo. BMSCs were induced to differentiate into neural progenitor cells (8.4% ± 3.5%), neurons (53.7% ± 7.4%), and astrocytes (22.3% ± 5.2%) in vitro. After being transplanted into the brain of glioma-bearing rats, they also differentiated into neural progenitor cells (8.3% ± 3.6%), neurons (15.7% ± 4.3%) and astrocytes (32.5% ± 7.2%). There was significant difference in the differentiation ratio to neurons between in vitro and in vivo experiments (P< 0.05), but the differentiation ratios to neural progenitor cells and astrocytes had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: BMSCs display extensive tropism to glioma. The direction of the differentiation of BMSCs may be related with local microenvironment.

Autophagy is an important homeostatic cellular recycling mechanism responsible for degrading injured or dysfunctional cellular organelles and proteins in all living cells. Aging is a universal phenomenon characterized by progressive deterioration of cells and organs due to accumulation of macromolecular and organelle damage. Growing evidences indicate that the rate of autophagosome formation and maturation and the efficiency of autophagosome/lysosome fusion decline with age. Dysfunctional autophagy has also been observed in age-related diseases. Autophagy disruption resulted accumulation of mutated or misfolded proteins is the essential feature of neurodegenerative disorders. However, in cancers, fibroproliferative diseases or cardiovascular diseases, autophagy can play either a protective or destructive role in different types of disease, and even in different stages of the same disease. The review will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its important role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related diseases, and the ongoing drug discovery strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Aging ; Autophagy ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Lysosomes ; metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Phagosomes ; metabolism ; Protein Folding

Neovascular glaucoma ( NVG ) is a kind of intractable eye disease with complex etiology, strong destruction and poor effect on treatment. Extensive retinal ischemia and hypoxia is the main etiology, and the key of treatment is early diagnosis, active prevention and taking effective measures to prevent the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. According to the related literature over recent years, the authors will discuss pros and cons for medical, surgical and combined treatment in this review.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences in the accumulation and biosynthesis of metabolites in different lactic acid of Pseudostellariae Radix. METHODS: 1H-NMR based metabolomic approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the chemical compositions and find the different metabolites in cultivated Pseudostellariae Radix and its wild-type. RESULTS: Thirty-five metabolites were identified in the 1H-NMR spectra, and 15 of which showed remarkable differences. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the cultivated Pseudostellariae Radix and its wild-type could be distinguished obviously. The contents of isoleucine, linolenic acid, lactic acid, alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, acetoacetic acid, succinic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, phenylalanine, and sucrose in cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla were lower than its wild-type, while the cultivated Pseudostellariae Radix contained more xylose, raffinose, and fumaric acid. CONCLUSION: This study will provide basic information for exploring the quality formation mechanism and revealing the accumulation and biosynthesis of metabolites in different ecotypes of Pseudostellariae Radix.

Objective To improve the understanding of tuberculosis X-ray performance at Linzhi region in the east of Tibet,in order to better guide clinical early diagnosis.Methods The X -ray image characteristics of 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from Linzhi region in the east of Tibet were retrospectively analyed,Original they all took chest plain films at initial diagnosis.Results The original hairstyle tuberculosis was not found;Blood type disseminated tuberculosis in 5 cases (16%).Composition of mixed density shadow image performance,calcification and satellite stove were founded;Invasion tuberculosis were in 8 cases (26%),images showed two pulmonary diffuse distribution of nodular shadows;Hollow fiber tuberculosis were in 17 cases (58%),images showed empty,fibrosis, endobronchial spread of three characteristics,and lesions was wide,especially with effusion infiltration priority,which were distributed in the lung base and at the front.Conclusion Plateau pulmonary tuberculosis with invasion and fiber cavity is given priority to,and have a specific image characteristics,it can be used for diagnosis.And its X -ray per-formance are significantly different from that of mainland cities.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of preservative in iron maltose syrup.Methods A Kromasil 100-5 C18 column was used with acetonitrile-sodium acetate buffer solution(40 ︰60) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and 254 nm as the detection wavelength.The column temperature was set at 30 ℃.Results The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.62 ~3.72 μg/mL for methyl parahydroxybenzoate, 0.18~1.07μg/mL for propyl parahydroxybenzoate, and the linear equation was Y=228494X-2512.5,Y=203351X-3471.4, respectively.The average recovery of methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate was 100.9%(RSD=1.5%),99.6%(RSD=0.5%), respectively.Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid and accurate, which could be used in the determination of preservative in iron maltose syrup.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of ethanol,acetonitrile,dichloromethane,ethyl acetate, pyridine in vidarabine monophosphate. METHODS:Headspace GC was performed on the column of Agilent DB-624,programmed temperature,inlet temperature was 200 ℃,the detector was flame ionization detector,detecting temperature was 250 ℃,nitrogen was carrier gas,flow rate was 3 ml/min,split ratio was 1∶1,the top bottles equilibrium temperature was 100 ℃,and equilibrium time was 45 min,injection volume was 1 ml. external standard was used for quantitative analysis. RESULTS:The peaks of five re-sidual solvents could be completely separated from the other peaks respectively,The linear rang was 24.7-296.3 μg/ml for ethanol (r=0.999 6)、1.9-23.2 μg/ml for acetonitrile(r=0.999 0),2.8-33.6 μg/ml for dichloromethane(r=0.998 0),24.7-295.9 μg/ml for ethyl acetate(r=0.999 5),1.0-11.9 μg/ml for pyridine(r=0.998 6);RSDs of precision and reproducibility tests were lower than 4.35%;recoveries were 102.4%(RSD=2.0%,n=9)、102.1%(RSD=3.4%,n=9)、105.5%(RSD=4.8%,n=9)、100.3%(RSD=4.8%, n=9)、98.3%(RSD=4.0%,n=9). The minimum quantifation limit was 0.304 4-0.988 0 μg/ml and the minimum detection limit was 0.101 5-0.329 3 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the determination of residual solvents in vidarabine monophosphate.