Objective To investigate the minimally invasive treatment of complex renal calculi nursing.Methods Retrospective analysis,from February 2009 to January 2011,50 regular channels percutaneous nephrolithotomy nephrostomy lithotomy patients(observation group)and from January 2007 to January 2009,the traditional opening of the regular 50 surgical treatment of complex renal calculi patients(control group)were selected,and length of stay,hospital costs,complications such as postoperative infection and other indicators were observed between the two groups.Results Successful rate of percutaneous nephrostomy large channel lithotomy in the observation group were 100％.Days in hospital(t =2.95,P ＜0.05),costs(t =11.68,P ＜0.05)and complication rate after operation(x2 =6.25,P ＜ 0.05)were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions Comprehensive patient evaluation and preoperative psychological communication,close observation and meticulous condition postoperative care,help to promote patient recovery and improve the quality of care.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of the divided functional recipes of Dahuang Zhechong pill( DHZCP) on atherosclerosis in rabbits.

METHODThe atherosclerotic model was established by the combination of hypercholesterol feeding and immune-injured endothelium in rabbits. Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into nine groups: normal group, model group, Danshen group (0. 5 g x kg(-1) ), the low-dose(0. 5 g x kg(-1) ) and high-dose( 1.0 g - kg(-1) ) groups of the first divided recipe, the low-dose(0. 75 g x kg-' ) and high-dose(1. 5 g x kg(-1)) groups of the second divided recipe, the low-dose(0. 8 g x kg(-1) ) and high-dose( 1.6 g x kg(-1) ) groups of the third divided recipe. The effects of the divided functional recipes of DHZCP were observed in macropathology, histopathology and ultrastructure. Image analyzing system was used to determine atherosclerotic plaque area, intima thickness(IT) and intima-media thickness(IMT) in rabbit aorta.

RESULTThe divided functional recipes of DHZCP could significantly decreased the deposit of lipid and the atherosclerotic plaque area in aorta intima, relieve the histopathological changes of atherosclerosis, and inhibited the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and collagen to reduce pachynsis of vascular intima. The divided functional recipes of DHZCP also reduced IT, IMT and IT/MT and reversed the contractive vascular remodeling.

CONCLUSIONThe divided functional recipes of DHZCP produce the different anti-atherosclerotic action, among which the first divided functional recipe exhibits more effective action.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Atherosclerosis ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cockroaches ; chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Tunica Intima ; drug effects ; pathology

AIM To prepare Scutellariae Radix total flavonoids-loaded liposomes and to evaluate their in vitro anti-tumor activity.METHODS Liposomes were prepared by reverse evaporating method.Taking phospholipid concentration,ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol,ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase and total flavonoids concentration as influencing factors,together with encapsulation efficiency as an evaluation index,Box-Behnken design was applied to optimizing the preparation,after which MTT was employed to detect the obtained liposomes' inhibitory effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 30 mg/mL for phospholipid concentration,3 ∶ 1 for ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol,2 ∶ 1 for ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase,and 5 mg/mL for total flavonoids concentration.The obtained round and uniform liposomes demonstrated an average particle size of (160.7 ± 12.0) nm,Zeta potential of (-41.4 ±2.3) mV,encapsulation efficiency of (86.19 ±0.44)％,drug loading of (5.32 ± 0.04)％,and accumulative release rate of (80.77 ± 2.53) ％ at 24 h.Compared with total flavonoids,liposomes exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells with the IC50 of 48.853 μg/mL at 48 h in a time-and dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION Scutellariae Radix total flavonoids-loaded liposomes stored at low temperature (4 ℃) display sustained-release effect and in vitro anti-tumor activity.

Objectives To evaluate the expression profile of myoD microRNA-29 (miR-29) family in L6 myoblast differentiated to myotube or L6 myotube treated by glucose and insulin, and to further probe the molecular mechanism of myoD regulating the expression of miR-29 clusters.
Methods The expression of myoD and miR-29 family was detected by using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The potential promoter and transcription factors binding sites of miR-29 clusters were predicted by Promoter scan and transcriptional factor search. The promoter sequence of miR-29b1-a and miR-29b2-c cluster was cloned into a luciferase reporter plasmid and the regulatory effect of myoD was analyzed by using dual luciferase reporter assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was further conducted to indicate the binding of myoD on specific sequence. Moreover, overexpression of myoD was achieved by a recombinant adenovirus system (Ad-myoD). L6 cells were infected with Ad-myoD and real-time PCR was conducted to analyze the expression of miR-29b and miR-29c.
Results The expression levels of myoD, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c were increased in L6 myoblast differentiated to myotube. The expression of myoD, miR-29b, and miR-29c was up-regulated in L6 myotube treated with glucose and insulin, but miR-29a depicted no significant change. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that myoD functioned as a positive regulator of miR-29b2-c expression and myoD could bind to the specific sequence located at the promoter region of miR-29b2-c cluster. Enforced expression of myoD led to a marked increase of miR-29b and miR-29c levels in L6 cells.
Conclusion MyoD might act as a crucial regulator of myogenesis and glucose metabolism in muscle through regulating the expression of miR-29b2-c.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in our country is increasing, and it has been a big problem affecting the social and economic development. It has been demonstrated that early intervention of cardiovascular risk factors can effectively reduce cardiovascular disease-caused mortality. Therefore, extensive implementation of cardiovascular testing and risk factor screening in the general population is the key to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the categories of devices available for quick cardiovascular testing are limited, and in particular, many existing devices suffer from various technical problems, such as complex operation, unclear working principle, or large inter-individual variability in measurement accuracy, which lead to an overall low popularity and reliability of cardiovascular testing. In this study, we introduce the non-invasive measurement mechanisms and relevant technical progresses for several typical cardiovascular indices (e.g., peripheral/central arterial blood pressure, and arterial stiffness), with emphasis on describing the applications of biomechanical modeling and simulation in mechanism verification, analysis of influential factors, and technical improvement/innovation.
Arterial Pressure ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the expression profile of myoD microRNA-29 (miR-29) family in L6 myoblast differentiated to myotube of L6 myotube treated by glucose and insulin, and to further probe the molecular mechanism of myoD regulating the expression of miR-29 clusters.

METHODSThe expression of myoD and miR-29 family was detected by using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The potential promoter and transcription factors binding sites of miR-29 clusters were predicted by Promoter scan and transcriptional factor search. The promoter sequence of miR-29b1-a and miR-29b2-c cluster was cloned into a luciferase reporter plasmid and the regulatory effect of myoD was analyzed by using dual luciferase reporter assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was further conducted to indicate the binding of myoD on specific sequence. Moreover, overexpression of myoD was achieved by a recombinant adenovirus system (Ad-myoD). L6 cells were infected with Ad-myoD and real-time PCR was conducted to analyze the expression of miR-29b and miR-29c.

RESULTSThe expression levels of myoD, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c were increased in L6 myoblast differentiated to myotube. The expression of myoD, miR-29b, and miR-29c was up-regulated in L6 myotube treated with glucose and insulin, but miR-29a depicted no significant change. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that myoD functioned as a positive regulator of miR-29b2-c expression and myoD could bind to the specific sequence located at the promoter region of miR-29b2-c cluster. Enforced expression of myoD led to a marked increase of miR-29b and miR-29c levels in L6 cells.

CONCLUSIONMyoD might act as a crucial regulator of myogenesis and glucose metabolism in muscle through regulating the expression of miR-29b2-c.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Multigene Family ; physiology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; cytology ; metabolism ; MyoD Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Sweetening Agents ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the mechanism of Yipi Yanggan Prescription in the treatment of precancerous lesion of liver in rats based on M1 type macrophage polarization-chronic inflammation-liver cell malignant transformation.Methods Totally 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Hugan Tablet group and Yipi Yanggan Prescription high-,medium-and low-dosage groups,with 15 rats in each group.The blank group was injected distilled water intraperitoneally,and the other groups were injected 5 mL/kg of diethylnitrosamine intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg per week(twice per week)for 16 weeks to induce the precancerous lesion of liver model.Starting from the second day of modeling,Yipi Yanggan Prescription high-,medium-and low-dosage groups were orally administered with 1.2,0.6 and 0.3 g/mL Yipi Yanggan Prescription,respectively.The Hugan Tablet group was orally administered with 921 mg/kg Hugan Tablet solution,the blank group and model group were orally administered with an equal amount of physiological saline for 16 consecutive weeks.The appearance of the liver was observed,ELISA was used to detect serum ALT,AST,ALP,AFU,as well as TNF-α,IL-6,iNOS and MCP-1 content,HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of liver tissue,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of liver cell malignancy markers OV6,CK19,CD133 and EpCAM,qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of CK19,CD133 and EpCAM in liver tissue,immunofluorescence co-localization was used to detect the co-expressions of M1 type macrophage markers CD68 with IL-6 and TNF-α.Results Compared with the blank group,the liver of the model group rats was hard,with a rough surface and dull edges,and a large number of nodules were visible,the contents of serum ALT,AST,ALP,AFU,TNF-α,IL-6,iNOS and MCP-1 significantly increased(P<0.01),there were large areas of dysplasia nodules,inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen fibers in liver tissue,the expressions of OV6,CK19,CD133 and EpCAM in liver tissue significantly increased,and the co-expressions of CD68 with IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number and size of liver nodules in each treatment group of rats decreased,the contents of serum ALT,AST,ALP,AFU,TNF-α,IL-6,iNOS and MCP-1 were significantly decreased(P<0.01),hepatocellular dysplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly improved,collagen fibers decreased,and the expressions of OV6,CK19,CD133 and EpCAM in liver tissue were significantly decreased,the co-expressions of CD68 with IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yipi Yanggan Prescription may alleviate inflammation by inhibiting polarization of M1 type macrophages,improve liver cell malignancy,and exert therapeutic effects on rats with precancerous lesion of liver induced by diethylnitrosamine.

The goal of this work was to establish a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model of tacrolimus in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients and to identify potential covariates that influence pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus. A total of 610 data points on the blood concentration of tacrolimus were collected from 96 IMN patients in routine clinical settings. Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) was used to investigate the effects of CYP3A5 genotype, age, gender, weight, laboratory tests and co-therapy medications on the pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus. The PPK model was evaluated by the goodness-of-fit (GOT), bootstrap and prediction corrected visual predictive check (pc-VPC). The pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus was described by a one-compartment model. The apparent clearance (CL/F) of CYP3A5*1/*3 and *1/*1 were 1.57 and 1.86 times of that of *3/*3, respectively. The CL/F of tacrolimus was 73.6% in patients undergoing co-therapy with Wuzhi capsules, and 1.2 times than that of the patients undergoing co-therapy with Jinshuibao capsules. The evaluation of the model shows that the model is stable and has satisfactory predictive performance. The clinical trial was approved by the Society of Ethics and conducted in Binzhou Medical University Hospital. The established PPK model can describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus in Chinese patients with IMN, and can facilitate individualized therapy with tacrolimus.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and the use of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） therapy in cancer patients with COVID-19， and to provide reference for making TCM prevention and treatment strategies and determining diagnosis and treatment priorities for patients with malignant tumors in the COVID-19 epidemic. MethodsThe medical records of 225 malignant tumor cases with COVID-19 who were admitted to 7 national research centers from January 1st to 20th， 2023 were retrospectively collected， and the main symptoms and duration after infection， nucleic acid negative conversion time， use of TCM therapy， and changes in adverse reactions after resuming anti-tumor treatment were analyzed. ResultsA total of 222 malignant tumor patients with COVID-19 were included in the analysis， involving 205 mild cases and 17 moderate cases. The top four most frequently reported clinical symptoms were fever （165 cases）， expectoration or dry cough （99 cases）， decreased appetite （95 cases） and fatigue （85 cases）， of which 40 expectoration or dry cough cases ， 37 fatigue cases and 29 decreased appetite cases lasted for more than 14 days. One hundred and five patients with nucleic acid detection report had a median negative conversion time of 14 days. The nucleic acid negative conversion time was significantly longer in patients with lung cancer compared to those with digestive system malignant tumors， and in those with myelosuppression than those without （P＜0.01）. During the infection period， 47.30% （105/222） of the patients used Chinese patent medicine， and 21.17% （47/222） were treated with herbal decoctions. The use of TCM in patients during the prevention and rehabilitation period， was 1.80%（4/222） and 7.21%（16/222）， respectively. Fifty-five patients resumed anti-tumor treatment after nucleic acid negative conversion， and received TCM simultaneously. Observed adverse reactions， including gastrointestinal reactions， bone marrow suppression， and neurotoxicity， were all grade 1 to 2， and no new adverse events occurred during follow-up. ConclusionCertain malignant tumor patients with COVID-19 had prolonged symptoms and nucleic acid negative conversion time Rational use of TCM can help to promote the rehabilitation of the patients and ensure the smooth process of anti-tumor treatment after infection.