Arsenic is known as a toxic metalloid, which mainly exists in inorganic forms such as arsenite and arsenate in the natural environment. A number of microorganisms have evolved different resistant mechanisms for arsenic detoxification to cope with the widespread distribution of the poisonous arsenic. Four distinct microbial arsenic-resistant mechanisms have been described including As(III) oxidation, cytoplasmic As(V) reduction, respiratory As(V) reduction, and As(III) methylation. These mechanisms confer arsenic resistance in microorganisms that play important roles in the transformation and geological cycle of arsenic. This review mainly focuses on the researches on these molecular mechanisms and potential application for environmental arsenic bioremediation using microorganisms.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome.Methods The clinical features,routine hematological tests and morphology of medullary cells were analyzed in 49 cases.Results Of 49 cases,there were 36.7% of RA,8.2% of RAS,20.4% of RAEB,30.6% of RAEBT and 4.0% of CMML,respectively ,which showed the positive pathosis hemogenesis ,and had a trend of transforming to leukemia.Conclusion MDS(especially RA)is difficult to diagnose,which should be diagnosed according to pathosis hemogensis.The detection of blasts in peripheral blood will help to differentiate RA and CAA,but more researches should be made on the differentiation of MDS/AML and AML-TMDS.

Almost all multicellular organisms have a symbiotic relationship with prokaryotes in nature.In humans,the interaction between host and microbial flora is particularly important in the gastrointestinal tract.Technical and conceptual advances have enabled us to establish its role in human health and disease.Studies have shown that disorder of gut microbiota may participate in the development of metabolic diseases,such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.This review opens up new ideas to find strategies for modifying gut microbiota to impact on the occurrence of metabolic diseases.

Objective To observe the effect of rosiglitazone on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods The 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with CT scan displayed NAFLD were enrolled and divided into three groups randomly:(1) rosiglitazone group (R group) were treated for six months with rosiglitazone,4mg once daily,(2) metformin group (M group) were treated with metformin,0.5g three times daily,(3) control group were treated with other medicines except for thiazolidinedione and metformin. Results The CT value ratio of liver to spleen,disappearance rate of fatty liver and ISI were much higher in R group than in M group,while those were much higher in M group than in control group. HOMA-IR was lowest in R group and highest in control group. FIns in R group and M group was much lower than in control group. Conclusions Rosiglitazone can treat NAFLD,increase the insulin sensitivity and improve the insulin resistance in T2DM patients. The therapeutic effects of rosiglitazone are better than metformin. Rosiglitazone has no damage on liver function in our study

Objective Using accurate monitoring,and high precision anesthetic machine and vapourizer,and guided with a simple mathematics formula to implement low-flow inhaled anesthetic techniques.Methods Ten healthy patients under going craniotomy,thoracotomy or laparotomy were assigned to receive isoflurane by low-flor of fresh gas and high vapourizer output.After intubation,the vapourizer dial was set at 5% and the patients were delivered with 1L/min total fresh gas flow of oxygen.The expiratory(F E) and inspired(F 1) concentration of isoflurane were monitored continuously.The data were recorded with computer once every 10. The concentrations were plotted against the time and the predicted regression equation were calculated.Results The F E reached 1.05% 10 min after inhalation of isoflurane ,which could be predicted by curvilinear(y=0 4092(1nx)+0 0172) and lineal (y=0 083x+0 1385) regression equations from 1 to 10 min,The predicted concentration by curvilinear regression equation appeared to estimate the measured value more accurately than linear regression equation.However segmental lineal regression equation cluld predict the measured value as accurately as curvilinear regression equation.Conclusions The inhalation anesthetic induction can be completed within 10 min with low-flow of fresh gas flow and high output of vapourizer dial setting.The measured value of anesthetic can be predicted accurately.

Objective To investigate the association of the gene polymorphism of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase(eNOS) with pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH). Methods Sixty-six gravidas with PIH and 91 normal pregnant women(control) in the third trimester were investigated. The G894T mutation at exon 7 of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase gene was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The frequencies of eNOS GG, GT and TT genotypes were 62.1%, 34.8% and 3.1% in PIH group and (79.1%,) 20.9% and 0.0% in control group, respectively (P0.05). Conclusions The variant (G-T) of 894 polymorphism site of eNOS is associated with the genesis of PIH, but not related to the severity of PIH. T allele may be a susceptible gene to PIH.

Objective To establish a quality control process for Sysmex UF 100 Urine analyzer. Methods L J control process of UF 100 Urine analyzer; x m Q C methods; Chemistry and UF 100 methods comparison; Microscope examination Results L J control process can reflect and monitor the instrument status and the reagent quality; The x m Q C method can indicate the influence factor which come from the samples; Chemistry and UF 100′s comparison can find their contradiction and the error causes;Microscopy can make up UF 100′s test blind spots Conclusions These methods can monitor the result′s quality practically and effectively It is benefit to improve the test quality of UF 100 analyzer

Objective To study the optimal operation procedure for elderly patients with cholelithiasis. Methods 1395 elderly patients with cholelithiasis,who were more than 65 years old,were treated with operation.1356 cases of them were treated with mini-cholecystectomy(MC). Results MC were performed on 1356 patients successfully(97.2%).The incidence of the operative complication was 2.58%(35/1356).No death occurred.The mean hospital stay was 6.2 days. Conclusions Elderly patients with cholelithiasis must be operated on as early as Possible.Because of minimal invasion and quicker recovery after operation,MC will be the first choice for the treatment of elderly patients with cholelithiasis.

Background Hypertension,ischemia and hypoxia induce the increase of glutamate level in eye tissue and furthermore produce excitatory damage and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).At present,the study on the protection of traditional Chinese medicine on glutamate-induced retinal excitatory damage is lack.objective Present study was to explore the protective effects of Huoxue huayu decoction,a Chinese herbal recipe,on RGCs in acute ocular hypertension model. Methods Fony-five healthy clean Wistar rats were divided into three groups randomly.The acute ocular hypertension models were established in 40 Wistar rats by injecting the normal saline solution into the anterior chamber to elevate the intraocular pressure for 60 minutes.Huoxue huayu decoction of 4 ml was administered intragastrically once per day in 20 model rats.Other matched 5 normal Wistar rats served as normal control group.The rats were sacrificed on 1,3,7 and 14 days after modeling and the retinas were isolated for the histopathologieal and uhrastructure examination.Expression of glutamate transporter in the retina of acute ocular hypertension and normal rat retina were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The utilization of animals followed the Association for Research in vision and Ophthalmology. Results After acute ocular hypertension.the retina thickness attenuated and the numbers of RGCs decreased under the light microscope in 1,3,7 and 14 days after modeling in comparison with normal control rats.The degradation of the organelle and edema as well as changes of cell nuclei were seen in model rats under the transmission electron microscopy.The expression of glutamate transporter mRNA in model group and glutamate transporter group was rapidly elevated in the first day (P<0.05),descended at the third days(P<0.01)and returned to the normal level 7 days later(P>0.05).Conclusion Huoxue huayu decoction can protect the retina against RGCs damage in the acute ocular hypertension by elevating the expression of glutamate transporters in retina.

?AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects, corneal surface shape and corneal thickness variation after treated by Danzhi Xiaoyao Capsule combined with hypromellose 2910, dextran 70 and glycerol eye drops for dry eye in menopausal patients.?METHODS: Eighty menopausal patients ( 160 eyes ) diagnosed as dry eye were randomly divided into groups A and B ( 40 patients each ) . Group A was treated with hypromellose 2910,dextran 70 and glycerol eye drops only and group B was treated with Danzhi Xiaoyao Capsule and eye drops. Before and 1mo after treatment, the clinical effects were evaluated by symptom scores, fluorescein staining ( FL ) , tear film breakup time ( BUT ) and Schirmer Ⅰ test. While the corneal surface regularity index (SRI), surface asymmetry index (SAI) and central corneal thickness ( CCT) were observed.? RESULTS: At 1mo after treatment, the symptoms scores and FL scores of the 2 groups decreased significantly( P<0. 05 ); BUT and SⅠt were significantly increased (P<0. 05). SRI and SAI gradually increased with dry eye exacerbations, after treatment the two parameters significantly reduced than those before treatment. SRI of group B improved significantly more than group A. CCT gradually got thinning with the dry eye condition worsened, which also significantly increased after treatment (P<0. 05);but there was no difference between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0. 05).?CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of Danzhi Xiaoyao Capsule and hypromellose 2910, dextran 70 and glycerol eye drops for menopausal patients with dry eye is more effective than single eye drops, and can improve the symptoms and signs.