Objective To compale the physical and chemical parameters of three market available medi-an/long chain fat emulsions.Methods The quality properties were determined and compared according to the fat emulsion injection quality standards in the Chinese Pharmacopeia Convention,the United States Pharmacopeia Con-vention,and the National Standard.Results Products A:the pH value was between 8.2-8.3;the particles with a size larger than 1 μm were 1.23%-1.53% and no particles were larger than 5 μm;the mean particle size was 0.246-0.256μm;the acid value was 0.2;the peroxide and methoxyl aniline values were 0 and 0.9-1.4;the he-molysis phosphatide was 0.6-0.9 g/L. The contents of fat,glycerin,and triglycerides were more than 97% of the labeled amounts;the content of phosphorus was 0.46-0.49 g/L. Products B:the pH value was between 8.2;the partocles with a size larger than 1 μm were 0.81%-1.62% and no particles were larger than 5 μm;the mean parti-cle size was 0.239-0.241 μm;the acid value was 0.4-0.5;the peroxide and methoxyl aniline values were 0 and 0.8-1.4;the hemolysis phosphatide was 0.2-0.6 g/L. The contents of fat,glycerin,and triglycerides were more than 94% of the labeled amounts;the content of phosphorus was 0.42 g/L. Products C:the pH value was between 7.7-8.1;the particles with a size larger than 1 μm were 0.42%-0.86% and no particles were larger than 5 μm;the mean particle size was 0.249-0.262 μm;the acid value was 0.3-0.4;the peroxide and methoxyl aniline values were 0 and 1.8-2.9;the hemolysis phosphatide was 0.5-0.8 g/L. The contents of fat,glycerin,and triglycerides were mole than 96% of the labeled amounts;the content of phosphoms was 0.44-0.46 g/L. Conclusion All properties of the median/long chain fat emulsions produced by the three manufacturers met the National Standard.

Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin 18 (IL 18) in serum,synovial fluid and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify its pathological role in RA.Methods The serum,synovial fluid and synovial tissue were obtained from patients with RA,and samples from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and from healthy human were used as control groups.Levels of IL 18 protein in serum and synovial fluid were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Expression of IL 18 mRNA in synovial tissus was determined by semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR).The biologic activity of IL 18 in serum and synovial fluid was detected on the basis of IFN ? secretion from IL 18 responding human myelomonocytic KG 1 cells.Expression of iNOS and COX 2 mRNA in synovial tissue was also determined,and productions of NO and PGE 2 in serum and synovial fluid were measured by enzyme reduction method and ELISA.Results Levels of IL 18 protein and biologic activity of IL 18 in both serum and synovial fluid of patients with RA were significantly increased compared with corresponding samples of the two control groups.In addition,the expression of IL 18 mRNA in synovial tissue of patients with RA was also significantly increased compared with samples of the two control groups.Conclusion The over expressed IL 18 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

-4.88) and relative insulin resistant group (IAI≤-4.88), and 42 healthy normal persons were selected as control. Results The frequency of Trp 64Arg mutation of ? 3 AR gene was higher in the resistant group than that in the sensitive group (28.0% vs 15.7%, P

Objective To evaluate the effect of stroke unit therapy on cognitive impairment in the cerebral infarction patients.Methods 96 patients with cognitive impairment were divided into two groups: the stroke unit treatment(treatment groups, 52 cases) and routine treatment (control group, 44 cases). Cognitive function examinations were performed in two groups before and 2 months after treatment.Results Comparing with control group, the score of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), span of digit and 100 to 1 counting were significantly different in treatment group. Conclusion Stroke unit is effective to improve cognitive function of cerebral infarction patients.

Objective To establish a recombinant Mycobacterium (M.) smegmatis secreting interliukin-2 (IL-2) for the prevention and treatment of human bladder cancer. Methods The M. tuberculosis HSP70 promotor, ?-antigen signal peptide gene, and human IL-2 cDNA were amplified from plasmid pY6013, pIJK-1, and pHIG53 respectively by PCR. The products were cloned into plasmid pRR3 to construct a mycobacterial shuttle-expressing plasmid pR-a-IL-2 secreting human IL-2. After confirming the construction was correct by enzyme digestion, plasmid pR-?-IL-2 was transduced into M. smegmatis mc 2 155 by electroporation. The stability of the recombinant mycobacteria was evaluated and the activity of IL-2 secreted by the bacteria was assayed. Results Structure of the pR-a-IL-2 was correct and it was effectively transduced into M. smegatis mc 2 155. The recombinant mycobacteria stably expressed IL-2. The IL-2 activity in the medium was 118.5 U/ml. Conclusion The successful establishment of recombinant M. smegmatis can provide the basis for the research of biotherapy and prevention of the recurrence of bladder cancer.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of non-irrigation and irrigation in the surgical approach of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH),thus to provide reference for clinical treatment of CSDH.Methods Clinical data of 102 patients with CSDH were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different operation methods,the patients were divided into the non-irrigation group(52 cases) and the irrigation group(50 cases).The blood loss during the procedure,operative time,length of stay and postoperative complication rate between the two groups were compared,and the causes of postoperative complications were analyzed.Results The blood loss during the procedure,operative time and length of stay in the non-irrigation group were (6.73 ± 1.17) mL,(15.06 ± 2.64) min and (10.74 ± 2.20) d,respectively,which in the irrigation group were (19.52 ± 3.18) mL,(38.54 ± 6.95) min and (10.44 ± 2.07)d,respectively,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the blood loss during the procedure and the operative time (t =-27.11,-22.72,all P ＜ 0.05),there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the length of stay (t =0.70,P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rates of postoperative complication in the non-irrigation group and irrigation group were 8.00％ and 7.69％,respectively,there was no significant difference between the two groups (x2 =0.003,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Each of the two methods has its own advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of CSDH.Compared with burr hole irrigation,burr hole non irrigation has the advantages of less blood loss and shorter operative time.However,burr hole non-irrigation is more likely to suffer serious complication.We should select suitable surgical approach by the specific circumstances of the patients.The causes of postoperative complications of CSDH are varied.In particular,there is an important relationship between the non-standard operation and postoperative complications.

In order to search for a more potent and less toxic antifungal agent, five novel sulconazole analogues were synthesized by changing 1-imidazolyl and p-chlorobenzyl in sulconazole structure. The results of preliminary biological tests show that analogues Ⅰ and Ⅱ possess more potent antifungal activities and wider antifungal spectra than sulconazole.

Objective To detect the expression of the tryptase in the plasma,and study the meaning in brain traumatic patients.Methods There were two groups:the brain traumatic group(40 patients)and the control group (20 health people).The content of plasma tryptase was determined by fluorescence enzyme immunoassay..Results The level of plasma tryptase had no statistical significance in control group(2.97 ±1.05)μg/L compared with the brain traumatic group(3.03 ±1.39)μg/L,however there had statistical significance comparing with sever brain traumatic patients(3.84 ±0.52μg/L)(t =3.32,P <0.05).4 cases of death in patients with severe head injury group content of tryptase (5.85 ±1.05)μg/L,which was significantly higher than the group of 16 cases of injury in severe head injury after 2 months still alive with the content of serum tryptase (2.49 ±0.52)μg/L,the difference was statistically significant (t =8.13,P <0.01).Conclusion The plasma tryptase level in sever brain traumatic patients increased significantly,and might be of importance for treatment strategies and prognosis.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory granuloma in central nervous system(CNS)to provide reference for clinic.Methods Retrospective data included 8 patients with CNS inflammatory granuloma in Department of Neurosurgery,Shanxi People's Hospital,2012 -2015.We analyzed the imaging features, postoperative symptoms,blood and cerebrospinal fluid changes and prognosis.Results 8 cases all received surgical treatment.All the symptoms were improved,and the CT showed that the lesions were disappeared.All the patients had recovered to normal life and work.Conclusion The diagnosis of CNS inflammatory granuloma is difficult.Clinical manifestations are lack of specificity.The blood and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory examination have no abnormal changes.CT and MRI are the main diagnostic methods.Postoperative pathology is the gold standard for diagnosis.The large lesion,frequent episodes of epilepsy,severe neurological deficits and possibility of brain tumor all should be treated by surgery.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of ketosis-associated prurigo pigmentosa after ketogenic diet and bariatric surgery.Methods:Clinical data were collected from patients with ketosis-associated prurigo pigmentosa, who were diagnosed and treated in Department of Dermatology, Peking University People′s Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020. The clinical characteristics, sequelae and therapeutic effect of dietary modification were analyzed and summarized.Results:A total of 6 patients with ketosis-associated prurigo pigmentosa were collected, including 5 females who developed prurigo pigmentosa after ketogenic diet, and 1 male who developed prurigo pigmentosa after bariatric surgery. The skin lesions mainly involved the chest, back, waist and abdomen, and rarely involved the eyelids, axillae, elbows and mons pubis. Common skin lesions included urticaria-like erythema, papules and pigmentation arranged in a reticular distribution, and rare skin lesions included mung bean- to soybean-sized blisters, whose walls were liable to break. Among 5 patients undergoing routine urine analysis, 4 were positive (from + to ++++) for ketone bodies in the urine, and 3 were positive for urinary protein (+) . Pathological examination in 2 patients showed epidermal spongiosis, scattered necrotic keratinocytes, basal cell liquefaction, lymphocyte infiltration in the superficial dermis, and erythrocyte extravasation. The 6 patients were advised to eat staple foods. After dietary modification, 5 patients were nearly cured within 1 week; 1 patient, who continued ketogenic diet for weight loss, still received marked improvement after the treatment with minocycline at a dose of 100 mg/d in spite of restriction of carbohydrate intake. The levels of urinary ketone bodies and urinary protein in the 6 patients all returned to normal within 1 week after treatment.Conclusions:Ketosis plays an important role in the occurrence of prurigo pigmentosa. Dietary modification alone or adjuvant medical treatment such as minocycline is effective for the treatment of ketosis-related prurigo pigmentosa.