This article reviewed the feature and the advances in the application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC),an important mean of high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE),for the analysis of complicated component of medicine,.The analysis of multi-component of routine medicine,chiral drugs,illicit drugs,Chinese medicine,drug and its metabolites were introduced.

The disposition of drug in vivo is subjected to a series of biotransformation and transport, depending on the involvement of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters.However, the individual capacity varies when metabolizing and transporting the same drug, and pharmacogenomics has trouble in completely explaining the differences.microRNA, a key aspect of epigenetic modifications, is a powerful complement to traditional genetics.Emerging evidences have confirmed that drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters be controlled by different microRNAs, and the same microRNA also regulates several drug-metabolizing enzymes or/and transporters simultaneously.All of these researches infer that microRNAs are likely to realize the comprehensive macro-regulation of gene expression.The further study of microRNAs maybe a suitable point to research the interindividual variability in disposition of drugs, and it provides a theoretical basis for rational use of drug and individualized medicine.

Objective To assess the population pharmacokinetic parameters for propofol for Chinese surgical patients using a nonlinear mixed- effect model (NONMEN) program and qualitatively analyze the effects of gender, age and body weight.Methods Seventy-six ASA I - II patients(37 male,39 female) ,aged 17-77 years weighing 39-86 kg. Undergoing elective surgery were studied. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular sodium luminal 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. Radial artery was cannulated for blood pressure monitoring and blood sampling. BIS, AEPindex, EGG, BP, PET CO2 and SpO2 were continuously monitored during operation. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and fentanyl. A loading dose of fentanyl 3 ?g? kg-1 was given iv followed by infusion at 2 ?g ? kg -1? h-1 until 30 min before the end of surgery. Propofol 1 -2.5 mg ?kg -1 was given iv over 0.5-4 min followed by infusion at 3-8 mg ? kg-1? h-1 until the end of surgery. When the patient was unconscious intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg? kg-1 . Blood samples were obtained before propofol and 2-120 min during propofol infusion and 2-600 min after discontinuation of propofol infusion for determination of blood propofol concentration. 1 439 blood samples were analyzed using NONMEM program. Interindividual and intraindividual variability was estimated for clearance and volume of distribution. The effects of age, body weight and gender were investigated. Results The pharmacokinetics of propofol in Chinese patients was best described by a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model . Body weight was found to be a significant factor affecting the two inter-compartmental clearances and the volume of the central compartment. The shallow and deep peripheral compartments remained constant for all individuals. For a 60 kg adult these parameters were estimated to be 1.56 L?min-1, 0.737 L?min-1 , 0.360L?min-1 ,12.1 L,43 L,213 L,respectively. For elderly patients, the clearances and volume of central compartment decreased with increasing age. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of propofol in Chinese patients can be well described by a standard three-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Age and body weight can affect the parameters of the pharmacokinetic model. Pharmacokinetics adjusted to the individual patient should improve the precision of TCI system.

Objective To analyze the genetic changes in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and to find the key molecular aberrations underlying its pathogenesis. Methods A total of 37 cases of PTCL-NOS were investigated by 1Mb resolution array comparative genomic hybridisation (Array-CGH), in which 9 cases were further studied by using a Tile path array-CGH. DNA extraction, clonality analysis and histologic review were conducted to exclude 6 cases with polyploidy and without obvious genetic imbalances from this study. Results In general, there was a considerable overlap in the CGH profiles in many PTCL-NOS cases. The most recurrent regions of genomic gains were lp36.13-1p36.32, 7q22.1, 7q36.1-7q36.3, 7q32.1-7q32.3, 7q22.1-7q34,9p11 .2-9q12 and 9q33.3-9q34.3. The most recurrent regions of genomic losses were 1p12-1p21.1 and 13q14.11-13q14.3. Conclusion Genomic gains and losses are frequently identified in PTCL-NOS with array-CGH, in which patients with multiple chromosomal alterations (≥6regions) have poor prognosis. These genomic profiles are broadly important to reveal a distinct subgroup with genetic alterations and to find the key genomic imbalance of PTCL-NOS.

Objective:To establish the method of determination of the contents of Danshensu and Protocatechuic aldehyde in Huoxue Mixture simultaneously by RP HPLC.Methods:The determination was carried out with Inertsil ODS column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol 0.5% HAc (22∶78) and UV detection wavelength was 280nm. Results:The average recovery of standard addition were 96.7%, RSD =1.12% ( n =5) for Denshensu, and 97.0 %, RSD =1.53% ( n =5) for Protocatechuic aldehyde, There was a good linear relationship between the absorption area value and the concentration in the range of 1.25～10?g for Deshensu and 0.25?g～2.0?g for Protocatechuic aldehyde.Conclusion: The method is simple, acurate, reproducible and can be used for content determination of Huoxue Mixture.

Objective:To establish the determination of the contents of ferulic acid and paecniflorin in Huoxue Mixture Radix Salviae Miltiorrmizae, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra cortex Moutan, Radix Astragali and caulis Spatholobi simultaneously by HPLC.Methods:The determination was carried out with ZORBAX *ODS column. Chromatographic condition of ferulic acid: the mobile phase consisted of methanol 1%HAc (42∶58) and UV detection wavelength was at 313nm. Chromatographic condition of paecniflorin: the mobile phase consisted of methanol water (25∶75) and UV detection wavelength was 230nm.Results:There was a good linear relationship between the absorption peak area and the concentration in the rang of 0.125～1.0?g for ferulic acid and 0.25～2.0?g for paecniflorin, respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple, acurate, reproducible and can be applied for content determination of Huoxue Mixture.

Objective To explore the association between the genetic polymorphism of CYP3A4,CYP2D6 and response to methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)among heroin-dependent patients.Methods Patients undergoing MMT in 6 MMT clinics were randomly selected,information about general socia-demographic characteristics,drug abuse history,and MMT data of patients were collected,genotypes of peripheral blood CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 polymorphic loci were detected.Results A total of 820 patients were enrolled in the study,210 cases were with good response and 610 cases with poor response to MMT.Difference in age between different response groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Distribution of genotype frequency and allele frequency of CYP3A4 rs2242480 and CYP2D6 rs16947 between good response and poor response groups was not significantly different(both P>0.05).Conclusion The association between CYP3A4 rs2242480,CYP2D6 rs16947 and response to MMT has not yet found in heroin-dependent patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between pulp chamber height and dentine thickness of mandibular first molar on long axis with age in a Chinese Han population by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods:CBCT images of 420 Chinese Han subjects(210 males and 210 females) were divided into 6 age groups as follows:15-24,25-34,35-44,45-54,55-64 and 65-74 years(n=70,35 males and 35 females).The height of pulp chamber and dentine thickness of the chamber root and floor of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis was measured by Galileo software of CBCT in vertical direction and then statistical analysis was carried out.Results:On long axis,the height of pulp chamber was (0.85±0.54) mm in males and (0.79±0.51) mm in females(P>0.05);dentine thickness of the pulp chamber roof was (3.60±0.49) mm in males and (3.50±0.49) mm in females(P>0.05);and dentine thickness of the pulp chamber floor was (2.57±0.52) mm in males and (2.49±0.5) mm in females(P>0.05).With aging,the height of pulp chamber was decreased(P<0.05) and dentine thickness of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:In Chinese Han population,the of pulp chamber height of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis is related to age,The dentine thickness increased with ages,the increase of dentine thickness of pulp chamber floor is more significant than that of the roof.

ObjectiveTo discuss the selection of surgical approach,operative methods,and stability of reconstitution of affection of cervicothoracic junction.MethodsFrom January 2001 to February 2009,86cases with affection of cervicothoracic junction were treated surgically.The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 43.1 years (range,17-70).Fifty-seven patients were treated with anterior approach (fixation with autologous bone grafts was done in 38 patients,Cage fixation in 5,titanium mesh in 14),21 with posterior approach(the fixation of lateral mass screw combined with pedicle screw was used in 12 patients,fixation with pedicle screw in 9),and 8 with anterior combined posterior approach.The neurological function of 53 cases of injury of cervicothoracic junction was assessed by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) criteria,and the rest was assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) criteria; bone arthrodesis and restoring lordosis of cervical spine were assessed by Bohlman radiographic criteria.ResultsSixty-nine cases were followed up for an average of 12.4 months(range,3-45).ASIA score increased from 1.8 preoperatively to 2.3 postoperatively,and JOA score increased from 10.3 preoperatively to 12.8 postoperatively.Bone fusion reached in all patients,and lordosis of the cervical spine of 62 cases was restored.One case with respiratory dysfunction,1 case with cerebrospinal fluid leakage,2 cases with hoarseness,and 1 case with loose lateral mass screw were found after the surgery.ConclusionThe advantages of surgical reconstitution of the cervicothoracic junction included promoting recovery of neurological function,restoring the alignment and lordosis of the cervical spine,decreasing the rate of complication,which were dependent on the suitable surgical indications,surgical approach,and way of surgical reconstitution.The selection of reconstituted methods depends on disease,lesion site,type and degree of injury,experience of doctor,decompression and spinal stabilization synthetically.

In order to successfully develop the effective population pharmacokinetic model to predict the concentration of propofol administrated intravenously, the data including the concentrations across both distribution and elimination phases from five hospitals were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). Three-compartment pharmacokinetic model was applied while the exponential model was used to describe the inter-individual variability and constant coefficient model to the intra-individual variability, accordingly. Covariate effect including the body weight on the parameter CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were investigated. The performance of final model was assessed by Bootstrapping, goodness-of-fit and visual predictive checking (VPC). The context-sensitive half-times and the infusion rates necessary to maintain the concentration of 1 microg x mL(-1) were simulated to six subpopulations. The results were as follows: the typical value of CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were 0.965 x (1 + 0.401 x VESS) x (BW/59)(0.578) L x min(-1), 13.4 x (AGE/45)(-0.317) L, 0.659 x (1 + GENDER x 0.385) L x min(-1), 28.8 L, 0.575 x (1 + GENDER x 0.367) x (1 - 0.369 x VESS) L x min(-1) and 196 L respectively. Coefficients of the inter-individual variability of CL, V1, Q2, V2, Q3 and V3 were 29.2%, 46.9%, 35.2%, 40.4%, 67.0% and 49.9% respectively, and the coefficients of residual variability were 24.7%, 16.1% and 22.5%, the final model indicated a positive influence of a body weight on CL, and also that a negative correlation of age with V1. Q2 and Q3 in males were higher than those in females at 38.5% and 36.7%. The CL and Q3 were 40.1% increased and 36.9% decreased in arterial samples compared to those in venous samples. The determination coefficient of observations (DV)-individual predicted value (IPRED) by the final model was 0.91 which could predict the propofol concentration fairly well. The stability and the predictive performance were accepted by Bootstrapping, the goodness-of-fit and VPC. The context-sensitive half-times and infusion rates necessary to maintain the concentration of 1 microg x mL(-1) were different obviously among the 6 sub-populations obviously. The three-compartment model with first-order elimination could describe the pharmacokinetics of propofol fairly well. The involved fixed effects are age, body weight, gender and sampling site. The simulations in 6 subpopulations were available in clinical anesthesia. The propofol anesthesia monitor care could be improved by individualization of pharmacokinetic parameter estimated from the final model.