Familial clear renal cell carcinoma consists of hereditary clear renal cell carcinoma syndromes and familial non-syndromic renal cell carcinoma,of which the former can be the renal cell carcinoma accompanied with von Hippel-Lindau disease(VHL), Tuberous Sclerosis Complex(TSC), Birt-Hogg-Dube(BHD) syndrome and familial translocation of chromosomal 3. The most commonly involved gene includes VHL, TSC and BHD. Here, the current research status of familial clear renal cell carcinoma is reviewed.

Transverse fracture was inflicted to the tibia of goats and specially designed external fixator was used for fixation to observe the relationship of different intensity of compres-sive force with fracture-healing.It was found in vitro test that the external fixator possessed less effect of stress protection.X-ray examination revealed that the stronger the compressive force was applied,the later the external callus would appear and the less amount of external callus would form.In the 6th week after fracture,the fracture line became oblierated in cases with mild compression while a transparent line in the external callus could be seen on x-ray films in those cases with heavy compression.Though there was no significant difference of the parameters of torsionmetry among different groups,the strength of the healed fracture with mild compression was nearer to the strength of a normal bone than that with heavy compression.Histo-logical examination revealed that all the bone unions belonged to secondary bone healing and bone callus became less matured along with the increase of compressive force.

Objective To explore the value of low field intensity MR GET2*WI in the diagnosis of meniscus injury.Methods 40 patients with knee injury were examined by various sequences of low field intensity MR to show meniscus.The results of surgery or arthroscopy were acted as diagnostic gold standard of meniscus tear,all samples were confirmed by pathology.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosing meniscus tear was 95.65%,92.86% and 94.32% by GET2*WI,and 84.78%,85.71% and 85.23% by FSET2WI respectively.Conclusion Low field intensity MR GET2*WI can show meniscus clearly,it is of significant in the diagnosis of meniscus injury

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition on patients with COPD during acute exacerbation stage. Methods Subjects hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of COPD (n=58) were assigned into two groups: enteral nutrition group (n=33) or parenteral nutrition group (n=25). The blood indexes of nutrition at day 5 and day 10,the incidence of complication and the mortality were observed. Results Less decrease of serum proteins was detected in the enteral nutrition group as compared with that in the parenteral alimentation group (day 5 P

Objective To study the epidemiological patterns of HIV infection prevalent in HongKong.Method The epidemiological patterns of HIV infection in HongKong were analyzed with a mathematic model SI by changing its initial condition,which was used to test the related data.Results The changeable patterns of susceptible accumulative numbers of HIV infection in HongKong and the epidemiological curves and the curve of infection velocity were obtained.Conclusion The epidemic pattern of HIV infection in Hongkong and local infection velocity from 1987 to 2004 were well described using the epidemic model SI.An accumulation of 2 733 cases of HIV infection will be predicted in the year of 2005.The epidemic peak occurred in 2002 to 2004 and the overall HIV epidemic will last for 50 years approximately.

Objective To evaluate the different effeotions among laparoseopic choleeysteotomy (LC)combined with bile duct exploration (LCBDE)and stone removal,LC with endoacopic sphincterotomy (EST),and open-choleeysteetomy (OC)with exploration of common bile duct (ECBD)for treating choleeys-tolithiasis with choledocholithiasis.Methods Among 289 cases of choleeystolithiasis and choledocholithla-sis,132 patients were treated by OC with ECBD,36 cases by LC with LCBDE,121 cases by EST combined with LC.The stone residual rate and leakage of bile rate,operation time,the loss of blood in operation,re-covery time of gastrointestinal function,length of hospital stay of the three groups were compared.Results There was no statistical difference in the stone residual rate and leakage of bile rate among the three groups,but OC with ECBD group had significantly longer operation time,more loss of blood in operation,later re-covery time of gastrointestinal function and longer hospital stay than the other groups.Conclusions There are respective indications,advantages and disadvantages in the three groups.We found that the operation of LC with LCBDE is the better choice for the patients of cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis,single choledocholithiasis;However,the patients with obviously infection of biliary tract or acute pancreatitis is not suitable for this method.

Objective To observe the effect of music therapy on stroke patients with depression.Methods 70 post-stroke depression patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the hospitalized number,the control group received conventional therapy neurology without giving antidepressants;the observation group were given music therapy group basis.Both groups were at the time of enrollment and after treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD),Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) for the two groups of patients assessed the degree of depression.Results After the treatment,the HAMD score of the observation group was (23.57 ± 10.33)points,compared with the control group[(28.20 ± 8.83)points],the difference was statistically significant (t =2.02,P ＜ 0.05);the SDS score of the observation group was (61.00 ± 10.67) points,compared with the control group [] (66.11 ± 10.38) points],the difference was statistically significant (t =-2.03,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Music therapy for depression in patients with post-stroke recovery has a positive meaning.

Objective To study the character of multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMN) in patients with bladder cancer.Methods From 1958 to 1998,patients with bladder cancer associated MPMN were studied retrospectively.Results MPMN was found in 49(5.7%,49/847) patients with bladder cancer,including 32 male and 17 female.All the bladder cancer were urothelial carcinoma,47 cases of non muscleinvasive urothelial carcinoma and 2 muscle-invasive.47 cases were double-primary cancer patients,and 2 triple-primary.Non-bladder primary malignancies were found in digestive system(36.7%),respiratory system (20.4%),genital system(20.4%),and other system(20.4%).Lung cancer was the second primary cancer in 7 cases(14.3%,7/49).The MPMN were diagnosed at the same time in 5 cases,and the others one after another.Bladder cancer was the first primary cancer in 25 cases,and 24 as the second primary.The mean age when the first cancer was diagnosed was 51y.It was 86.2 months between the first cancer and the second for the mean time.90% cancer was in clinical stage Ⅰor stage Ⅱ.The median survival time was 39 months after the second primary malignant,and 104 months after the first primary malignant.Conclusion The most pathology type of the bladder cancer in MPMN is non muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Non-bladder primary malignancies are found more common in digestive system,the following are respiratory system and genital system.When lung cancer is the second primary malignant,it should be discriminated from metastasis of bladder cancer.90% cancer is in early clinical stage.They will have a good prognosis if diagnosed early and treated properly.

BACKGROUND: As reported in some literatures, articular dysfunction following limb lengthening is one of the commonest complications, but some scholars believe that the articular dysfunction after lower limb lengthening is avoidable providing appropriate technical operation and effective function prevention.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of articular function of knee during limb lengthening in rabbits so as to provide a experimental basis for clinical tasks.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial SETTING: Department of Orthopeadics, Affiliated Hospital of Some Military Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Study was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February 2001 to June 2002. Totally 30 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA were randomly divided into lengthening group and delayed observation group(observed at 3 months after the stop of lengthening).METHODS: Every group was further divided into three sub-groups according to distraction range: 10%, 20% and 40%. Upper-tibia metaphysis distraction was adopted at the rate of 1 mm per day . Distraction and iconography changes of knee joint were observed with X-ray. The motive range of knee was investigated at the end of distraction and three months later.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Articular motive range of the knee before the distraction, at the end of distraction and three months later, X-ray resutls RESULTS: ① There was no obvious radiographic change in knee at every time point in each group. ② Significant flexion disorder in knee was found in 20% distraction subgroup( P ＜ 0. 05), which was only 44. 7% of normal motive range in 40% distraction subgroup( P ＜ 0. 01) . Motive functions of knee in delayed observation group were significantly improved; thereinto,20% distraction subgroup returned to preoperative level, while 40% distraction subgroup also had significant improvement compared with that of 3 months earlier but still lower than normal level, which was only about 88.5% of normal level( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Temporary articular dysfunction might occur during limb lengthening process, and mostly during big range of distraction. Although the dysfunction could be gradually recovered after the stop of lengthening, active prevention is still necessary.

Objective To discuss the characteristics of renal cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis at diagnosis. Methods The data of 19 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis from January 2004 to December 2008 were reviewed.The median age was 57 years (29-77).The study group included 15 males and four females.The primary tumor was located in the left kidney in 12 patients and fight in seven patients.The median maximam diameter of retroperitoneal lymph nodes was 2.8 cm(1.5-5.0).The lymph nodes in four patients were not detected by the preoperative image examination,but were confirmed by intraoperative exploration.Eleven cases had enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes resected and eight had regional lymph nodes dissected. Results The patients with regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis of renal celI carcinoma accounted for 1.6% (19/1213) of the total renal cell carcinoma cases.With a median follow-up of 34 months,six patients were survival without progression,and seven were survival with progression.giving a 5-year survival rate of 68.4%.The survival and recurrence rates after surgery were not significantly different by Fisher test(P=0.644 and 0.319 respectively) between the patients who underwent retroperitoneal regional lymph node dissection and those who underwent enlarged lymph node resection. Condmiom Renal cell carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis at diagnosis is uncommon.Some patients may achieve long-term tumor-free survival through regional lymph node dissection or enlarged Iymph nodes resection.