Familial clear renal cell carcinoma consists of hereditary clear renal cell carcinoma syndromes and familial non-syndromic renal cell carcinoma,of which the former can be the renal cell carcinoma accompanied with von Hippel-Lindau disease(VHL), Tuberous Sclerosis Complex(TSC), Birt-Hogg-Dube(BHD) syndrome and familial translocation of chromosomal 3. The most commonly involved gene includes VHL, TSC and BHD. Here, the current research status of familial clear renal cell carcinoma is reviewed.

Objective To explore the value of low field intensity MR GET2*WI in the diagnosis of meniscus injury.Methods 40 patients with knee injury were examined by various sequences of low field intensity MR to show meniscus.The results of surgery or arthroscopy were acted as diagnostic gold standard of meniscus tear,all samples were confirmed by pathology.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosing meniscus tear was 95.65%,92.86% and 94.32% by GET2*WI,and 84.78%,85.71% and 85.23% by FSET2WI respectively.Conclusion Low field intensity MR GET2*WI can show meniscus clearly,it is of significant in the diagnosis of meniscus injury

Transverse fracture was inflicted to the tibia of goats and specially designed external fixator was used for fixation to observe the relationship of different intensity of compres-sive force with fracture-healing.It was found in vitro test that the external fixator possessed less effect of stress protection.X-ray examination revealed that the stronger the compressive force was applied,the later the external callus would appear and the less amount of external callus would form.In the 6th week after fracture,the fracture line became oblierated in cases with mild compression while a transparent line in the external callus could be seen on x-ray films in those cases with heavy compression.Though there was no significant difference of the parameters of torsionmetry among different groups,the strength of the healed fracture with mild compression was nearer to the strength of a normal bone than that with heavy compression.Histo-logical examination revealed that all the bone unions belonged to secondary bone healing and bone callus became less matured along with the increase of compressive force.

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition on patients with COPD during acute exacerbation stage. Methods Subjects hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of COPD (n=58) were assigned into two groups: enteral nutrition group (n=33) or parenteral nutrition group (n=25). The blood indexes of nutrition at day 5 and day 10,the incidence of complication and the mortality were observed. Results Less decrease of serum proteins was detected in the enteral nutrition group as compared with that in the parenteral alimentation group (day 5 P

Objective To study the epidemiological patterns of HIV infection prevalent in HongKong.Method The epidemiological patterns of HIV infection in HongKong were analyzed with a mathematic model SI by changing its initial condition,which was used to test the related data.Results The changeable patterns of susceptible accumulative numbers of HIV infection in HongKong and the epidemiological curves and the curve of infection velocity were obtained.Conclusion The epidemic pattern of HIV infection in Hongkong and local infection velocity from 1987 to 2004 were well described using the epidemic model SI.An accumulation of 2 733 cases of HIV infection will be predicted in the year of 2005.The epidemic peak occurred in 2002 to 2004 and the overall HIV epidemic will last for 50 years approximately.

Objective To explore the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the hippocampus CA4 region of diabetic rats after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Diabetic rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) and then global cerebral ischemia model was induced by bilateral clamping of the carotid arterial plus hypotension by withdrawing blood. Apoptosis of neuron and expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2)were observed in the hippocampus CA4 region of diabetes operation groups (DCI) and normoglycemia operation groups (NCI) by TUNEL,immunohistochemistry at 15 min after ischemia and at 1 h after reperfusion. Results Compare with the NCI,neuronal apoptosis of DCI was significantly higher at each time point of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the hippocampus CA4 (P

Objective To investigate the expression of neuronal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and its significance after cerebral isehemia reperfusion in diabetic rats. Methods Seventy-two healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, normal glucose with cerebral ischemia and diabetes with cerebral ischemia groups. Each group was redivided into ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h subgroups according to the different time points of ischemia reperfusion (n = 6 in each subgroup). Streptozocin was used to induce diabetes, and a global cerebral ischemia model of diabetic rat was established by the bilateral vascular occlusion combining with bloodletting, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to observe neuronal apoptosis and the expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hippocampal CA4 region. Results The incidences of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA4 region for ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0. 05); the expressions of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at all time points in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were higher, and reperfusion 1 and 3 h were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0.01). Conclusions ERK1/2 might involved in the mechanism of neuronal injury after diabetes aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To investigate the value of combined use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)and duodenoscopic procedures in the treatment of gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 164 cases of gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy + endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)from January 2003 to December 2007.Results All the cases underwent ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)followed by LC.In the 164 cases,196 bile duct stones were extracted from 155cases with a success rate of 94.5%.The procedures were unsuccessful in 9 cases,and among them,4 cases had stricture of bile duct more than 2 cm in length,and 5 cases had impacted stones that precluded passage of the guide wire.After EST,6 of the 155 cases had the complication of mild acute pancreatitis and LC was performed after its treatment.The success rate of LC was 96.5% and the average hospital stay was(11?4)d.Conclusions The combined use of EST and ERCP before LC is effective in treatment of gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones,and has broadened the utilization of minimally invasive treatment for bile duct diseases.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between spleen total resection splenectomy and spleen partial splenectomy in the treatment of patients with traumatic spleen rupture.Methods:84 cases of patients with traumatic spleen rupture from March 2013 to March 2016 were selected and divided into two groups.42 cases in the spleen total resection group were treated with spleen total resection,while the other 42 cases in the spleen partial nephrectomy group were treated with spleen partial splenectomy.The operative effect,the levels of platelet count,serum IgA,IgG,IgM,CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 + / CD8 + levels before and after treatment,the incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss,exhaust time,length of hospital stay of spleen partial nephrectomy group were shorter than those of the spleen total resection group,but the operation time of research group was longer than that of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).The platelet count,CD8+ of spleen partial nephrectomy group were lower than those of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).The IgA,IgG,IgM,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ of spleen partial nephrectomy group were significantly higher than those of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).The incidence rate of complications in the spleen partial nephrectomy group was lower than that of the spleen total resection group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Spleen partial splenectomy was more effective than spleen total resection in the treatment of traumatic splenic rupture,which had little effect on the platelet and immune function.

Objective To discusse the influence of permeating perfluoropentane drops-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocapsules (MSNC-PFP) on HIFU surface ablation in vitro bovine liver.Methods Fifity bovine liver tissues were divided into 5 groups:Control group,0.25 mg/ml group,0.50 mg/ml group,1.00 mg/ml group,2.00 mg/ml group according to the concentration of MSNC-PFP.The synergistic agent was injected along the ablation line path under the guiding of ultrasound.The surface ablation model was structured by 6 coagulation necrosis side by using HIFU linear scanning,inner region without melting,and the ultrasonographic changes were observed in the melt area.The coagulation necrosis range was assessed by TTC staining,and necrosis degree was observed by HE staining.The coagulation necrosis volume was measured,the coverage index (CI),external volume index (EI),energy efficiency factor (EEF) were used to evaluate the ablation effect in each group.Results The MSNC-PFP more than 1.00 mg/ml was shown as strong echo in ultrasonic image,fade after 3-5 min.The grey value was changed in HIFU ablation area related to the concentration of MSNC-PFP.The total ablation volume of 0.50 mg/ml group,1.00 mg/ml group,2.00 mg/ml group were more than control group,the EEF was lower than that of the control group (all P＜0.01).The CI and EI of 1.00 mg/ml group and 2.00 mg/ml group were higher than those of the other group (all P＜0.01).The coagulation necrosis became complete when the concentration of MSNC-PFP above 0.50 mg/ml.Conclusion MSNC-PFP can increase the volume of coagulation necrosis,decrease the EEF and increase the efficiency of HIFU surface ablation of bovine liver in vitro.