Familial clear renal cell carcinoma consists of hereditary clear renal cell carcinoma syndromes and familial non-syndromic renal cell carcinoma,of which the former can be the renal cell carcinoma accompanied with von Hippel-Lindau disease(VHL), Tuberous Sclerosis Complex(TSC), Birt-Hogg-Dube(BHD) syndrome and familial translocation of chromosomal 3. The most commonly involved gene includes VHL, TSC and BHD. Here, the current research status of familial clear renal cell carcinoma is reviewed.

Objective To explore the value of low field intensity MR GET2*WI in the diagnosis of meniscus injury.Methods 40 patients with knee injury were examined by various sequences of low field intensity MR to show meniscus.The results of surgery or arthroscopy were acted as diagnostic gold standard of meniscus tear,all samples were confirmed by pathology.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosing meniscus tear was 95.65%,92.86% and 94.32% by GET2*WI,and 84.78%,85.71% and 85.23% by FSET2WI respectively.Conclusion Low field intensity MR GET2*WI can show meniscus clearly,it is of significant in the diagnosis of meniscus injury

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition on patients with COPD during acute exacerbation stage. Methods Subjects hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of COPD (n=58) were assigned into two groups: enteral nutrition group (n=33) or parenteral nutrition group (n=25). The blood indexes of nutrition at day 5 and day 10,the incidence of complication and the mortality were observed. Results Less decrease of serum proteins was detected in the enteral nutrition group as compared with that in the parenteral alimentation group (day 5 P

Transverse fracture was inflicted to the tibia of goats and specially designed external fixator was used for fixation to observe the relationship of different intensity of compres-sive force with fracture-healing.It was found in vitro test that the external fixator possessed less effect of stress protection.X-ray examination revealed that the stronger the compressive force was applied,the later the external callus would appear and the less amount of external callus would form.In the 6th week after fracture,the fracture line became oblierated in cases with mild compression while a transparent line in the external callus could be seen on x-ray films in those cases with heavy compression.Though there was no significant difference of the parameters of torsionmetry among different groups,the strength of the healed fracture with mild compression was nearer to the strength of a normal bone than that with heavy compression.Histo-logical examination revealed that all the bone unions belonged to secondary bone healing and bone callus became less matured along with the increase of compressive force.

Objective To study the epidemiological patterns of HIV infection prevalent in HongKong.Method The epidemiological patterns of HIV infection in HongKong were analyzed with a mathematic model SI by changing its initial condition,which was used to test the related data.Results The changeable patterns of susceptible accumulative numbers of HIV infection in HongKong and the epidemiological curves and the curve of infection velocity were obtained.Conclusion The epidemic pattern of HIV infection in Hongkong and local infection velocity from 1987 to 2004 were well described using the epidemic model SI.An accumulation of 2 733 cases of HIV infection will be predicted in the year of 2005.The epidemic peak occurred in 2002 to 2004 and the overall HIV epidemic will last for 50 years approximately.

Objective To evaluate the use safety of a unitary package peracetic acid ( PAA) disinfectant through acute and subacute toxicity experiments in rats.Methods This study was conducted according to the Technical Standard For disinfection ( Version 2002 ) .In the acute toxicity experiment, 60 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into different groups of PAA given by single intragastric gavage.Symptoms of poisoning of the animals were observed to calculate the half lethal dose ( LD50 ) .In the subacute toxicity experiment, 40 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into three dose groups and negative control group.The rats were given 33-342 mg/kg BW PAA for 28 days.At the end of test, the body weight, the organ-to-body weight ratio and the hematological and biochemical indices were determined, and pathological examination was performed.Results The acute oral LD50 of female rats was 1470 mg/kg BW, and the LD50 of male rats was 1710 mg/kg bw.The results of subacute toxicity test showed that the body weight, the organ-to-body weight ratio and the hematological and biochemical indices had no significant difference between the dose groups and control group.No obvious abnormality was observed in gross anatomy and histopathological examination.Conclusions The results of the acute toxicity test prove that PAA has a low toxicity level, and no significant subacute toxicity was observed at the exposure doses.

Objective To observe the effect of music therapy on stroke patients with depression.Methods 70 post-stroke depression patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the hospitalized number,the control group received conventional therapy neurology without giving antidepressants;the observation group were given music therapy group basis.Both groups were at the time of enrollment and after treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD),Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) for the two groups of patients assessed the degree of depression.Results After the treatment,the HAMD score of the observation group was (23.57 ± 10.33)points,compared with the control group[(28.20 ± 8.83)points],the difference was statistically significant (t =2.02,P ＜ 0.05);the SDS score of the observation group was (61.00 ± 10.67) points,compared with the control group [] (66.11 ± 10.38) points],the difference was statistically significant (t =-2.03,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Music therapy for depression in patients with post-stroke recovery has a positive meaning.

Objective The individualized treatment of breast cancer have attracted more and more attention .Different mo-lecular subtypes of breast cancer have different kinds of prognosis and therapeutic regimen .Studies have found that miR-342-3p is asso-ciated with breast cancer of hormone receptor and endocrine therapy resistance , as well as tumor cell apoptosis .This study was to fur-ther investigate the expressions of miR-342-3p in different breast cancer molecular subtypes and breast cancer cell lines to reveal the importance of miR-342-3p in individualized treatment of breast cancer . Methods A total of 90 tissue samples from patients with breast cancer surgery were collected .Three types of breast cancer cell line were cultured , including MCF-7, SKBr3 and MDA-MB-231.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-342-3p in breast cancer tissue . Results Expression of the miR-342-3p increased the most in Lumina B type breast cancer tissue (1.594 ±0.465), followed by Lumina A type (1.386 ±0.443), Her-2 high expression type (1.165 ±0.337), and the lowest in the tripe negative breast cancer tissue (0.837 ± 0.351), representing significant difference (P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the expression of the miR-342-3p as to different age groups, lymph node metastasis and tumor size, histological grading and staging (P>0.05).As to the expression of miR-342-3p in three types of breast cancer cell line , taking SKBr3 as the reference, the relative ratio was 126(118-134) and MDA-MB-231 was 0.017(0.014-0.018). Conclusion The expressions of miR-342-3p are different in different molecular subtypes and cell lines of breast cancer , which are relevant to different molecular subtypes of breast cancer , making it possible reference index for breast cancer typing and relevant to good prognosis .

Objective To investigate the expression of neuronal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and its significance after cerebral isehemia reperfusion in diabetic rats. Methods Seventy-two healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, normal glucose with cerebral ischemia and diabetes with cerebral ischemia groups. Each group was redivided into ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h subgroups according to the different time points of ischemia reperfusion (n = 6 in each subgroup). Streptozocin was used to induce diabetes, and a global cerebral ischemia model of diabetic rat was established by the bilateral vascular occlusion combining with bloodletting, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to observe neuronal apoptosis and the expression of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hippocampal CA4 region. Results The incidences of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA4 region for ischemia 15 minutes and reperfusion 1, 3 and 6 h in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0. 05); the expressions of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at all time points in the diabetes with cerebral ischemia group were higher, and reperfusion 1 and 3 h were significantly higher than those in the normal glucose with cerebral ischemia group (P < 0.01). Conclusions ERK1/2 might involved in the mechanism of neuronal injury after diabetes aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To evaluate the different effeotions among laparoseopic choleeysteotomy (LC)combined with bile duct exploration (LCBDE)and stone removal,LC with endoacopic sphincterotomy (EST),and open-choleeysteetomy (OC)with exploration of common bile duct (ECBD)for treating choleeys-tolithiasis with choledocholithiasis.Methods Among 289 cases of choleeystolithiasis and choledocholithla-sis,132 patients were treated by OC with ECBD,36 cases by LC with LCBDE,121 cases by EST combined with LC.The stone residual rate and leakage of bile rate,operation time,the loss of blood in operation,re-covery time of gastrointestinal function,length of hospital stay of the three groups were compared.Results There was no statistical difference in the stone residual rate and leakage of bile rate among the three groups,but OC with ECBD group had significantly longer operation time,more loss of blood in operation,later re-covery time of gastrointestinal function and longer hospital stay than the other groups.Conclusions There are respective indications,advantages and disadvantages in the three groups.We found that the operation of LC with LCBDE is the better choice for the patients of cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis,single choledocholithiasis;However,the patients with obviously infection of biliary tract or acute pancreatitis is not suitable for this method.