Brain metastases (BM) are one of the main cause of death in patients with non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ).The prognosis is still poor, despite standard therapy based on surgery and radiotherapy.In recent years,with the deepening understanding of molecular mechanisms in lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation might be considered as an effective therapeutic target for NSCLC with BM.Therefore,we review the current knowledge about the correlation between EGFR mutation with prevalence and prognosis in BM.

Objective To investigate the formaldehyde emission rate of wood-based materials sold in Hangzhou and to ana-lyze its emission characteristics.Methods Four kinds of wood-based materials were selected and the formaldehyde emission rates were determined by applying the balancing concentration method of small environmental test chamber and the emission rates of different kinds of the materials were compared.Results A-level wood-based materials were of40%,B-level50%and C-level10%of the whole.The formaldehyde emission rates of these different kind of wood-based materials were significantly different (0.01

Objective To explore the necessity of EGFR?targeted therapy combined with synchronized whole brain radiotherapy ( WBRT ) for non?small?cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) with mutated EGFR and brain metastasis by comparing the effects on prognosis between WBRT combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( TKI) and TKI alone. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 43 patients with EGFR mutation?positive NSCLC and brain metastasis. In those patients, 24 patients received WBRT plus TKI and 19 patients TKI alone. Results The overall response rate ( RR) and 6?month intracranial disease control rate ( CR) were significantly higher in the WBRT+TKI group than in the TKI group ( 79% vs. 37%, P=0. 002;79% vs. 63%, P=0. 008). The median intracranial progression?free survival (IPFS) time was significantly longer in the WBRT+TKI group than in the TKI group ( 23. 7 vs. 8. 3 months, P=0. 025) . The multivariate analysis indicated that the control of lung cancer, WBRT+TKI, and single brain metastasis were favorable factors for substantially longer IPFS time ( P=0. 033,0. 019,0. 019) . In 23 patients with exon 19 deletion, 12 patients received WBRT+TKI and 11 patients TKI alone;compared with the TKI group, the WBRT+TKI group had significantly higher RR and 6?month CR as well as significantly longer IPFS ( 100%vs. 35%, P=0. 000;100% vs. 55%, P=0. 008;23. 7 vs. 8. 4 months, P=0. 003). In 20 patients without exon 19 deletion, however, there were no significant differences in RR or 6?month CR between the WBRT+TKI group (n=12) and the TKI group (n=8)(64% vs. 50%, P=1. 000;58% vs. 75%, P=0. 642).The median IPFS was 14. 4 and 8. 4 months ( P=0. 864) . Conclusions WBRT combined with TKI is superior to TKI alone in the treatment of NSCLC with brain metastasis. Patients with exon 19 deletion have substantially better treatment outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Most of previous researches on the emotion regulation ability only took children as objects.There were very few studies to investigate the adolescents' emotion regulation ability.There are fewer researches tried to study over-province large sampling to get general situation of Chinese adolescents' emotion regulation ability. Very few studies have taken emotion regulation as independent factor and explored its developmental rules OBJECTIVE:To analyze the characters of grade and gender in emotion regulation ability of Chinese adolescents DESIGN:Cross-sectional sampling survey questionnaire with adolescents as subjects SETTING:Institute of Developmental Psychology of Beijing Normal University.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 11 855 students from junior and senior high schools in Beijing,Henan,Chongqing,Zhejiang and Xinjiang, 13 high schools are included.METHODS:The present study uses "the adolescents' emotion regulaPsychology Institute, Beijing Normal University) as measuring tool to grouply test with the class as a unit. The tests in the 5 districts were completed within 2 weeks. The questionnaire is a 5-point scale.The level of emotion regulation is the mean score of the 14 items. And the higher points means higher level of emotion regulation.in emotion regulation between different grades of adolescent.RESULTS:Main effect of gender is not significant (F(1.11843)=0.040,P=0.842),while main effect of grads is significant (F(5.11843)=101.437,P=0.000),and interaction effect between gender and grades is significant (F(5.11843)=3.812,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The emotion regulation ability of adolescents increased with the increasing grade but being stable after grade 11;the girls' emotion regulation ability exceeds the boys' gradually in grade 11,and there is no difference in the emotion regulation ability between boys and girls in grade 12.

Objective:To investigate the expression of antigens in Plasmodium yoelii sexual stage and transmission blocking effects of monoclonal antibodies(McAbs).Methods:Observing the effects of anti Pys25 McAb4 and anti Pys21 McAb10 on developmental course of parasites in mosquitoes by direct mosquito feeds on passively immunized P.yoelii infected mice and the expression of Pys21 and Pys25 from gametocytes to ookinetes in indicated culture times by IFA and Western blotting.Results:The transmission blocking activity of the anti Pys25 McAb4 was complete and more potent than that of the anti Pys21 McAb10.Both Pys25 and Pys21 were presented in whole developmental course from gametocytes to ookinetes.Furthermore,the expression of Pys25 appeared to be earlier than that of Pys21 on zygote surfact.Conclusion:Pys25 and Pys21 are target antigens of transmission blocking immunity and that anti Pys25 McAb4 has more significantly transmission blocking activity is related with the early stage expression of Pys25 on zygote surface.

BACKGROUND: Being a traditional Chinese herb, huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) resists free radical, enhances immunity, promotes microcirculation and protects vascular endothelial cell and nervous system; of which, the protection of huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) on nervous vessel is related to its regulation on local cerebral cortical blood flow rate. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) on local cerebral cortical blood flow rate after traumatic injury. DESIGN: Randomized paired experiment.SETTING: Neurological Surgical Institute of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Traumatic Experimental Room of Neurological Surgical Institute of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to May 2000, in which, 75 healthy male SD rats were employed and randomized into the control (5 rats), saline control (35 rats) and experimental group (35 rats). The latter two groups were subdivided into 7 time spots of 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after traumatic injury, 5 rats were involved in each spot.METHODS: In normal control, the model was not prepared and in the other two groups, the modified Feeney's method was used to establish craniocerebral traumatic model. In experimental group, right after injury, huangqi injection (5 g/kg) was applied abdominally and in saline control, physiological saline 0.5 mL was injected abdominally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: It was to determine the blood flow rates in local cerebral cortex at corresponding time spots after traumatic injury. Fenestration was done in normal control for direct determination. RESULTS: By supplemented, 75 rats entered result analysis. Blood flow rates in local cerebral cortex: the rate in saline control 1 hour after trauma was lower than the control [(6.90±0.68), (7.94±0.65), P < 0.05], it was de creased to the minimum in 24 hours and began increasing in 48 hours [(5.86±0.61), (6.15±0.60)]; the rate in experimental group at every time spot was higher than saline control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) increases remark ably blood flow rate in local cerebral cortex, which is associated with its neurovascular protection.

AIM To study the effects of puerarin on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, genes relating to neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS After global cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, changes in protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemical method. The number of neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL. The effects of puerarin intervention were observed. RESULTS In CA1, the level of positive expression of Bcl-2 varied to the duration of reperfusion and the peak level was at 6 h reperfusion after 10 min global cerebral ischemia,the peak expression of Bax was at 24 h. The number of neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion was increased. In puerarin group, the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated and that of Bax was down-regulated, the number of neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion was decreased. CONCLUSION Our result indicate that Bcl-2 may restrain apoptosisl. Bax may promote apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and puerarin ameliorate ischemic damage by reducing the apoptosis through regulating Bcl-2 and Bax.

A robust,selective and highly sensitive chemiluminescent (CL) platform for protein assay was presented in this paper.This novel CL approach utilized rolling circle amplification (RCA) as a signal enhancement technique and the 96-well plate as the immobilization and separation carrier.Typically,the antibody immobilized on the surface of 96-well plate was sandwiched with the protein target and the aptamer-primer sequence.This aptamer-primer sequence was then employed as the primer of RCA.Based on this design,a number of the biotinylated probes and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (SA-HRP) were captured on the plate,and the CL signal was amplified.In summary,our results demonstrated a robust biosensor with a detection limit of 10 fM that is easy to be established and utilized,and devoid of light source.Therefore,this new technique will broaden the perspective for future development of DNA-based biosensors for the detection of other protein biomarkers related to clinical diseases,by taking advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity.

A robust, selective and highly sensitive chemiluminescent （CL） platform for protein assay was presented in this paper. This novel CL approach utilized rolling circle amplification （RCA） as a signal enhancement technique and the 96-well plate as the immobilization and separation carrier. Typically, the antibody immobilized on the surface of 96-well plate was sandwiched with the protein target and the aptamer-primer sequence. This aptamer-primer sequence was then employed as the primer of RCA. Based on this design, a number of the biotinylated probes and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase （SA-HRP） were captured on the plate, and the CL signal was amplified. In summary, our results demonstrated a robust biosensor with a detection limit of 10 fM that is easy to be established and utilized, and devoid of light source. Therefore, this new technique .will broaden the perspective for future development of DNA-based biosensors for the detection of other protein biomarkers related to clinical diseases, by taking advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity.

Objective To evaluate Alberta stroke programme early CT score on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI-ASPECTS)and clot burden score on MR angiography (MRA-CBS)in predicting hemorrhagic transformation(HT) in acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction after thrombolysis in diffusion-weighted imaging Alberta stroke program.Methods A total of 37 consecutive patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction were treated with thrombolysis.The clinical information , score of DWI-ASPECTS before thrombolysis , score of MRA-CBS before thrombolysis and images of enhanced gradient echo T 2*-weighted angiographywithin ( ESWAN) 24 hours before and after thrombolysis were all collected.The interval between onset and the two MRI scans were recorded respectively.We identified HT according to the images of ESWAN scanned after thrombolysis , and divided patients into 2 groups:with HT(14 cases) and without HT (23 cases).Differences of clinical data and imaging indicators between the two groups were compared by using Fisher′s exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.Logistic regression analysis was performed by taking HT as the dependent variable , and the scores of NIHSS , DWI-ASPECTS and MRA-CBS at admission were taken as independent variables.The variables which were statistically significant in logistic regression analysis were enrolled in receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results In HT group, the scores of NIHSS, DWI-ASPECTS and MRA-CBS were 15.00 ±5.30, 6.00(4.75,7.00) and 7.00(0.75,8.50) respectively.In the other group without HT, these scores were 7.00 ±4.80, 9.00(8.00,10.00)and 10.00(6.00,10.00) respectively.Compared with patients without HT , patients with HT had a higher baseline NIHSS score ( Z=-3.72,P<0.01), a lower DWI-ASPECTS (Z=-4.13,P<0.01) and a lower MRA-CBS (Z=-2.00, P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the scores of DWI-ASPECTS ( OR 0.42,95%CI 0.21-0.87,P <0.05 ) and NIHSS ( OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.00-1.48, P <0.05 ) at baseline predicted HT development independently.Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cut -off point of DWI-ASPECTS to predict the development of HT was≤7.Its sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC curve were 92.9%, 78.3% and 0.902 respectively ( P<0.01 ).Conclusions ASPECTS on DWI is of great value in predicting HT after thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction.CBS on MRA can provide additional information for predicting HT.