Objective To investigate the in vivo effect of melatonin(Mel) on calyculin A(CA)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in neuroblastoma cells(N2awt).Methods We treated N2awt cells with CA or CA and 50 ?mol/L Mel,detected the level of tau phosphorylation with immunofluorescence,and assayed the activities of GSK3 and the ratio of GSK-3? phosphorylated at Ser9 site to total GSK-3?.Results CA treatment led to tau hyperphosphorylation accompanied with the increased activity of GSK-3 and the decreased ratio of GSK-3? phosphorylated at Ser9 site to total GSK-3?.When the cells were incubated simultaneously with CA and 50 ?mol/L Mel,the CA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation,GSK-3 activation and the ratio of GSK-3? phosphorylated at Ser9 site to total GSK-3? decrease were attenuated.Conclusion Melatonin protects neuroblastoma cells from CA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation.Its protection may be related to the regulation of GSK-3 activity and the ratio of GSK-3? phosphorylated at Ser9 site to total GSK-3? increase.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase(NOS).it reduces nitric oxide production. ADMA is correlated with the risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia. Accumulating evidence suggests that a derangement of the NOS pathway plays a critical role in atherogenesis and ADMA may participate in the process.

Abstract: To investigate the status and influencing factors of tooth loss among the elderly population in China, so as to provide insights into early prevention of tooth loss. Methods: Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), data of the elderly people aged 65 years and older who participated in the survey in 2018 were collected, including demographic information, lifestyle, dietary habits, medical history, number of teeth remaining and self-assessment indicators. The status of tooth loss among the elderly were described based on the standard of 28 teeth, and factors affecting tooth loss were analyzed using a multivariable ordinal logistic regression model. Results: A total of 5 260 people was recruited, including 3 346 males (63.61%) and 1 914 females (36.39%). The median age was 78.00 (interquartile range, 18.00) years. The median number of teeth remaining was 12.00 (interquartile range, 23.00), and the median number of missing teeth was 16.00 (interquartile range, 23.00). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly who were female (OR=1.270, 95%CI: 1.098-1.470), had advanced age (OR=1.090, 95%CI: 1.083-1.098), lived in rural areas (OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.165-1.610) and urban areas (OR=1.208, 95%CI: 1.027-1.422), smoked (past, OR=1.471, 95%CI: 1.240-1.746; always, OR=1.545, 95%CI: 1.300-1.838) and brushed teeth less than once a day (OR=1.791, 95%CI: 1.488-2.160) had more missing teeth; while the elderly who had high levels of education (junior high school, OR=0.819, 95%CI: 0.681-0.972; high school, OR=0.626, 95%CI: 0.507-0.771; college and above, OR=0.468, 95%CI: 0.334-0.657), kept physical exercise (OR=0.840, 95%CI: 0.736-0.958) and were overweight/obese (OR=0.868, 95%CI: 0.769-0.980) had less missing teeth. Conclusion Gender, age, residence, educational level, smoking, physical exercise, teeth brushing frequency and overweight/obese are the influencing factors for tooth loss among the elderly in China.

Objective To investigate the in vivo effect of melatonin on calyculin A-induced neurofilament(NF) hyperphosphorylation in neuroblastma cells(N2awt).Methods N2awt cells were treated with CA or CA and different concentration melatonin or CA and vitamin E,the levels of neurofilament phosphorylation and the level of PP-2A were detected,and the activities of PP-2A were assayed.Results Calyculin A treatment led to neurofilament hyperphosphorylation by decreasing the level and activity of PP-2A.Both melatonin and vitamin E had protective effect on calyculin A-induced neurofilament hyperphosphorylation,although melatonin increased the activity of PP-2A while vitamin E did not.Morever,melatonin partially attenuated the decreasing of PP-2A level. Conclusion Melatonin protects neuroblastma cells from CA-induced neurofilament hyperphosphorylation through the regulation of PP-2A level and the increase of PP-2A activity.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of diet for infants in relatively poor counties in different cities of Yunnan and to provide a reference for carrying out educational consultation in the future by comparing and analyzing the data of infant diet in those areas.Methods Based on the GDP and habits of diet,the characteristics of infants' diet was investigated and analyzed in four counties including Yiliang in Zhaotong,Jianchuan in Dali,Lushui in Nujiang,and Mojiang in Puer,with low income and different habits of diet.Results No difference was found among people who fed the infants in terms of sex,age groups,feeding relationship and degree of education except for one fact that the feeding rate of parents in Jianchuan county was lower than that in Yiliang county.Based on the standard intake of nutrient in Chinese people,the intake of infant protein in 6-12 months achieved Chinese standard in four counties.Energy,fat and carbohydrates were lower than the standard (P＜O.05).Apart from the fact that energy,protein,fat and carbohydrates were lower in Yiliang county,no significant difference was found among four counties.The intake of protein and carbohydrates for infants in 13-24 months achieved Chinese standard in the four counties,but energy and fat were lower than the standard.The carbohydrates of infants in 6-24 months was normal and the fat was lower compared with acceptable macro nutrient distribution ranges.The intake of carbohydrates,fat and protein were similar among four counties.Conclusion The diet composition and the nutrient condition for infants are poor in four counties.Health education of nutrition for infants is needed in those areas.

Objective To assess the value of serum amyloid A(SAA)in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary diseases. Methods Seventy AECOPD patients were randomly chosen. The AECOPD patients were divided into bacterial infection induced group and non-bacterial infection induced group by sputum bacteria culture. Thirty five SCOPD patients were chosen as control group. General data was collected. Lung function ,chest X ray,blood routine,CRP,SAA,IL6 and PCT were deteced and compared in the 3 groups. The diagnostic value of SAA to distinguish bacterial infection induced AECOPD was estimated. Results SAA of both AECOPD sub-groups were significantly higher than that of healthy controls. SAA in infection group is higher that that in exacerba-tion group. In terms of ROC curve,AUC was 0.8682 for SAA to distinguish merging bacterial infection,and the cut-off value was 72.10 mg/L with sensitivity of 94.29% and specificity of 65.71%. Conclusion SAA increases in AECOPD patients,and more obviously in AECOPD patients with bacterial infection. SAA may be used as a reliable biomarker not only to distinguish AECOPD patients from SCOPD patients ,but also distinguish merging bacterial infection during AECOPD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the primary colorectal carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes and it's clinical significance. MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of Ecadherin and β-catenin was performed in colorectal mucosa( n =20 ,group A) ,colorectal carcinoma without metastasis ( n = 25, group B) and colorectal carcinoma with metastatic lymph nodes ( n = 39, group C) The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin and the metastasis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma were observed. ResultsThe strongly positive expression of E-cadherin in primaries of group C (5.1％ ) was obviously lower than in group B ( U = 2. 149,P =0. 032) ,whereas no statistic differences of the expression of E-cadherin between primaries and metastases of group C were observed(P =0.186). There was no difference of the expression of β-catenin between group B and group C,the same of primary colorectal carcinoma and self control lymph nodes of group C(P =0.235 and P =0. 715). There was positive correlation between membranous down regulation of E-cadherin and β-catenin in group C( r = 0.387 ,P =0.024) ,but no relationship was found in group B( r = 0.080 ,P = 0.723 ). ConclusionThe decreased membranous expression of E-cadherin in the colorectal carcinoma was correlated with lymph nodes metastasis, and was obviously related to membranous down regulation of β-catenin. There was no relevance between the expression of β-catenin and the lymph nodes metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.

The abdominoperineal excision (APE) is still one of the standard operations for low rectal cancer. The exralevator APE can reduce the positive rate of circumferential margin and perforation rate of rectal cancer, but the incidence of postoperative complications is relatively high. With the continuous development of minimally invasive surgery, the transperineal minimally invasive Abdominoperineal excision (Tpm-APE) is proposed. Compared with traditional APE, the Tpm-APE has potential technical advantages, but there is a lack of large sample and multicenter clinical research evidence. The authors share the design and results of an international multicenter clinical study to investigate the clinical practice of Tpm-APE in the treatment of low rectal cancer.

To study the prevention of dauricine (Dau) on bradykinin (BK) induced alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis and tau phosphorylation, fluorescence spectrophotometer with dual excitation was utilized to measure the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), MTT to detect cell viability and immuncytochemistry to examine tau phosphorylation. The results showed (1) cells treated with BK 1 μmol/L induced a transit increase in [Ca2+]i in all the cell lines detected, among them, the sustained increase of [Ca2+]i level was only seen in PS1Δ9/APPswe cell at 2 h and 24 h after the treatment. Dau (3μmol/L or 6 μmol/L) prevented BK-induced transit and sustained elevation and fluctuation of [Ca2+]i;(2) BK treatment decreased the cell metabolism detected at 2 h in PS1Δ9/APPswe and Dau antagonized the effect; (3) BK induces Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation at tau-1 epitope and Dau partially antagonized this effect. In conclusion,Dau inhibits BK-induced disturbance in intracellular calcium homeostasis and tau hyperphosphorylation at tau-1 sites.

Objective To explore the effects and indications of physical cooling in fever patients after bone fracture surgery.Methods 450 fever patients after bone fracture surgery were selected.They were divided into different groups according to ~e main influencing factors which affected the effect of physical cooling,including the temperature of sponge bathing,the degree of fever,clinical phases of fever.The influence of above factors on physical cooling was observed.Results The temperature for sponge bathing maintaining at 38～40 ℃(the experimental group) achieved better results than that at 32～34 ℃(the control group).Physical cooling at constant peak period of fever had better effect than that during the fervescence period,and the effect of sponge bathing treatment was better in mild fever patients than in high fever patients.Conclusions The single physical hypothermia only fit the patients following bone fracture surgery who had a fever below 38.5 ℃.Patients who had an infectious high fever should receive drug combination.Temperature of sponge bathing maintaining at 38～40 ℃,bathing timing at constant peak period of fever may get best cooling effect.