Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of both multiple motor and vocal tics. The pathogenesis is obscure . Infection and the immunologic abnormality after infection may be associated with this disease.The major study is about streptococcal infection. Interleukin may play an important role. Morever, some studies indicate that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is related to the Tourette syndrome.

Objective To explore the effect of clinical and pathological features on the incidence of Hyperuricemia (HUA) in renal glomerular disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was applied to review the clinical and pathological date collected from 3547 patients with renal glomerular disease.These patients were diagnosed as renal glomerular disease by renal biopsy from January 2007 to December 2011.Results (1) HUA incidence was 21.8％ (773/3547) in all of the patients,in which the incidence in secondary glomerular disease 27.2％ (240/882) was much higher than that in primary glomerular disease 20.7％ (552/2665),and the difference was significant (x2 =153.642,P ＜ 0.05).In primary glomerular disease,HUA incidence was the lowest in membranous nephropathy 14.4％ (96/665),while HUA incidence in lupus nephritis (LN) 45.3％(110/243) was the highest and small blood vessel infammation kidney damage 34.7％ (17/49) was the second in secondary glomerular disease.(2) With the increasing of glomerulosclerosis index,tubulointerstitial score,renal vascular lesions score and the stage of chronic kidney disease,HUA incidence increased (x2 =17.798-298.216,P =0.000).(3)Logistic regression analysis showed that high tubulointerstitial score,glomerulosclerosis index and renal dysfunction,male,overweight or obese,hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were risk factors for hyperuricemia (OR:1.011-7.513,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The uric acid level is increased in nearly a quarter of patients with renal glomerular disease.Severe tubulointerstitial lesion,high glomerulosclerosis index,low glomerular filtration rate,male,overweight or obese,hypertension and hypertiglyceridemia were independent risk factors for HUA.

Objective To investigate the significance of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the patients of primary nephmpathy syndrome (PNS) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) by detecting urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1.Methods Senventy-two patients of PNS were selected as our subjects including 34 case with minimal change disease (MCD),23 cases with membranous nephropathy(MN),15 cases with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN).Fifteen cases of healthy physical examination were selected as control group.Meanwhile subjects were also divided into PNS with ATN group (15 cases) and PNS without ATN group (57 cases) according to their pathology check.ELISA was applied to detect the urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1,whose correlation with pathological type and clinical index were analyzed.Results The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 in patients with PNS were (42.37 ± 28.24) μg/L,(2.76 ± 1.11) μg/L respectively,higher than that of control group (P ＜0.01).The urinary level of NGAL in the MCD group,MN group,MsPGN group were higher than that of control group (46.81 ± 15.75) μg/L,(22.09 ± 7.69) μg/L,(15.31 ± 3.74) μg/L,(8.03 ± 0.35) μg/L respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The urinary level of NGAL in MCD group was significantly highest than that in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05).The urinary level of KIM-1 in the MCD group,MN group,MsPGN group were higher than that of control group(2.41 ±0.58) μg/L,(2.54 ±0.67) μg/L,(2.87 ±0.50) μg/L,(0.73 ±0.35) μg/L respectively,P ＜0.05).But there was no significant difference among MCD,MN,MsPGN groups(P ＞ 0.05).The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 in patients PNS were (42.37 ± 28.34) μg/L and (2.76 ± 1.11) μg/L,significantly higher than that of control group (t =4.668,12.665,P ＜ 0.05).The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 in patients PNS with ATN were significantly higher than patient without ATN (NGAL:(74.98 ±9.52) μg/L vs.(31.31 ±2.34) μg/L;KIM-1:(3.60 ±0.92) μg/L vs.(2.54 ±0.81) μg/L,P ＜0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 was positively correlated with serum β2-MG,serum creatinine,serum blood urea nitrogen and 24-hour urine protein.(r =0.432,0.299,0.234,0.254,0.434,0.650,0.276,0.301 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The urinary level of NGAL and KIM-1 could be considered as the early,non-invasive biologic factors to reflect in patients of PNS with ATN.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of epinephrine hydrochloride in the prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome in the cemented hip replacement. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients treated with cemented hip replacement from July 2008 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into control group and intervention group. The bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the control group were not pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement; the bone marrow cavities of 24 patients in the intervention group were pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)and pulse oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) were compared between the two groups before bone cement implantation and 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 minutes after bone cement implantation. The data were analyzed with variance analysis and Q test. Results (1) In the control group: the blood pressure was decreased in control group one minute after bone cement implantation and a significant decrease of the blood pressure was observed at 2-6 minutes after the implantation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The blood pressure was increased seven minutes after the implantation, with the most significant increase of DBP ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The blood pressure recovered to normal 10 minutes later. The SPO2 was decreased significantly ( P ＜0.05 ) but no significant change was observed in HR ( P ＞ 0.05). (2) In the intervention group: the bone marrow cavity was pretreated with saline epinephrine hydrochloride before implantation of bone cement.ity. No significant difference was found in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and SPO2 at different time points before and after bone cement implantation (P ＞0.05 ). Significant decrease of blood pressure and SPO2 was observed in control group and a significant hemodynamic change was detected at 2-6 minutes after the bone cement implantation. In the intervention group, no hemodynamic change was found in all the patients except that one patient was found with decrease of blood pressure and another one with the occasional premature ventricular contractions. Conclusion Pretreatment of bone marrow cavity with saline epinephrine hydrochloride can effectively prevent bone cement implantation syndrome.

This study was aimed to observe the pharmacodynamics of genistein combined with tripterygium gly-cosides ( GTW ) in the rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) treatment of ovariectomized rats . SD rats were randomly divid-ed into four groups , which were the sham-operation group , model group , Methotrexate ( MTX ) treatment group ( 2.7 mg/kg ) , and genistein ( 30 mg/kg ) combined with GTW ( 70 mg/kg ) treatment group . There were ten rats in each group . Except the sham-operation group , rats in other groups were ovariectomized and immunized by collagen type II to prepare collagen induced arthritis ( CIA ) model . The intragastric administration of drugs was given once a day for two weeks . The arthritis index , joints swelling degree , and levels of anti-Col II , IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were tested . The results showed that the arthritis index , joints swelling degree , and levels of anti-Col II , IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were all significantly increased in the model group ( P < 0 . 05 or P< 0 . 01 ) . Compared with the model group , the arthritis index and joints swelling degree of both MTX and genistein combined with GTW were significantly decreased . The level of anti-Col II in serum of the MTX treatment group was significantly decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . However , there were no significant changes on levels of IL-6 and IL-10 . The levels of anti-Col II and IL-6 in serum of the genistein combined with GTW were significantly decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The level of IL-10 was significantly increased ( P < 0 . 01 ) . It was conclud-ed that genistein combined with GTW can significantly inhibit the pathological progress of CIA on ovariec-tomized rats . Compared with MTX , the genistein combined with GTW received a better regulating effect on the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 . The results suggested that phytoestrogen combined with GTW played a good therapeutic effect on gonadal dysfunction type of RA . It provided novel strategies and experimental evidences on postmenopausal RA treatment in the clinical practice .

Objective To explore the value of Artis zeego robot imaging system endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary calculi. Methods ERCP was performed on 12 patients with biliary tract dilation, diagnosed by B ultrasonography. Artis zeego robot was used simultaneously to acquire 3D images and biliary system reconstruction. The diagnostic consistency was assessed based on endoscopy and surgery if necessary. Results 3D rotating acquisition and biliary reconstruction were performed in the 12 patients. All diagnosis coincided with those of surgery and ERCP findings, achieving a consistency rate of 100%. Patients with extrahepatic bile duct stones of uncertain number (n = 2), with suspected biliary duct calculi ( n = 1 ) and with suspected intrahepatic bile duct stones ( n = 2) under ERCP were all diagnosed by the robot imaging system. Conclusion During ERCP, 3D rotating image acquisition and biliary reconstruction with Artis zeego robot is helpful for precise diagnosis of biliary tract stones.

Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic disease. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), deficiency of the liver, spleen and kidney and blood stasis can induce osteoporosis. The main etiology was kidney deficiency which harmed the liver and spleen and causeqi-blood deficiency and blood stasis. The insufficiency of natural endowment and postnatal malnutrition caused poor nutrition of tendons and vessels, which induced debility of bone. This article discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM understanding on osteoporosis in details. Opportunities and challenges of TCM in osteoporosis treatment were explored. The homology of Chinese medicine and food as well as the long-term of osteoporosis showed that TCM had incomparable superiority in osteoporosis treatment. While, the scientific research methods and reasonable evaluation of TCM safety were important to display its advantages in osteoporosis treatment.

Objective To determine the efficacy of berberine in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH) , and to investigate the regulating effect on macrophage phenotype transformation in hepatic tissue on methionine -choline deficiency (MCD) diet induced NASH mice.Methods Fourty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 mice per group): the normal group (fed with normal diet), the NASH model group (fed with MCD diet), rosiglitazone treatment group (30mg/kg) and berberine treatment group (150mg/kg).Drugs were adopted in the preventive intervention method for 2 weeks.The hepatic histopathological method was adopted to evaluate the drug therapeutic effect.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-10 were examined with ELISA method.M1 and M2 phenotype were detected by flow cytometry .Results The results showed berberine improved the degree of hepatic histopathology .Berberine not only reduced the level of TNF-α, but also increased the level of IL-10 in serum on NASH mice significantly ( P <0.05 ) . Flow cytometry data indicated that berberine decreased M 1 type macrophages and increased M 2 type macrophages in liver tissue .The ratio of M1/M2 was significantly decreased in berberine and rosiglitazone treated group ( P <0.01 ) .Conclusion Berberine may improve the hepatic pathological process in MCD diet induced NASH model possibly through modulating macrophage phenotype transformation , i.e.The ratio of M2 type is more than M1 type in hepatic tissue , and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines .

This study was aimed to observe the influence of β-sitosterol (BSS) on estrogen receptor (ER) positive the human breast cancer cell line T47D and to study its mechanisms. ER antagonist ICI182 780 was employed to observe the influence on the proliferation. Proliferations of T47D cells influenced by different concentrations of BSS were analyzed by MTT assay. Cell cycle analyses were examined by flow cytometry. The protein expression of cyclin D1 was measured by western blot analysis and cyclin D1 mRNA was quantified by real-time PCR assay. The results showed that BSS in high dose exhibited significant inhibitory effects that were partly antagonized by ICI182 780 and decreased the proliferative index on T47D cells. However, BSS in low dose obviously promoted the proliferation that was completely inhibited by ICI182 780 and increased the proliferative index on T47D cells. The mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 were increased in low-dose BSS. The effect was blocked by ICI182 780. It was concluded that BSS in low concentration had phytoestrogenic effect by up-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 via ER pathway.

This study was aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of puerarin and 3 other flavonoid compounds, and to investigate their structure-activity relationship. The intragastric administration of 4 kinds of typical flavonoids compounds (soybean element, puerarin, quercetin and rutin) were given to mice, respectively. The model mice of acute hepatic injury were established with intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) after 7 days. After 18 h fasting, liver tissues were removed. The histomorphology was observed after paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were detected with automatic biochemical analyzer. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver tissues were detected with homogenization. The pathological results of liver tissues showed that hepatic damages were decreased in all 4 medicine treatment groups compared with the model group, but there were no significant differences among these treatment groups. The results of blood serum bio-chemical analysis showed that compared with the model group, puerarin and quercetin could decrease the activities of ALT, AST and GGT in serum significantly (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). There were no content changes of ALP. In the soybean element group, only the activities of ALT and AST decreased obviously (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). There was no obvious change in the serum of mice in the rutin treatment group. The homogenate detection results of liver tissues showed that compared with the model group, quercetin and rutin significantly lowered MDA (P < 0.05), increased SOD and GSH-Px (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01); while soybean element and puerarin only improved GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). It was concluded that the antioxidant capacity of quercetin was better than that of soybean element, puerarin and rutin, which may be related to its structure. Compared with 3 other chemical compounds, quercetin had more polyhydroxies and its polyhydroxies were not glycosylated, which suggested that the structure of quercetin may be closely related to its antioxidation activity.