Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of the end-stage renal failure, and its major pathologic feature is the renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-?_1 is a key factor in the progression of the disease. Two signal pathways, Smads and MAPK following the factor, are closely connected with extracellular matrix accumulation which leads to renal fibrosis. Smads and MAPK also have a cross talk in extracellular matrix accumulation. The relationship between the two signal pathway and ECM accumulation offers us a new therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis of diabetes.

Objective To compare the effects of different opportunity internal fixation in treatment of trau-matic flail chest.Methods Clinical data of 53 cases of patients with traumatic flail chest were selected,in which 28 patients were given internal fixation treatment in 72h after injury (early surgery group),25 patients were given sur-gery after 72h(late surgery group),recovery situation(postoperative ventilation time,chest improve time,ICU stay time,extubation time,hospitalization time)of the two groups were observed,respiratory function changes and compli-cations were compared before and after treatment.Results Postoperative ventilation time,chest X -ray improvement time,ICU stay time,extubation time and hospitalization time of the early operation group were (27.4 ±4.8)h, (88.6 ±7.5)h,(3.8 ±0.7)d,(3.2 ±0.8)d,(13.2 ±5.0)d,which were significantly shorter in the late operation group of (40.7 ±5.2)h,(195.3 ±8.0)h,(5.6 ±1.4)d,(5.2 ±1.3)d,(19.8 ±6.4)d,with significant difference (t =7.389,11.204,3.837,3.916,5.261,all P <0.05 ).After treatment,PaO2 ,PaCO2 ,PaO2 /FiO2 ,RR and HR were all significantly improved (early surgery group t =12.497,6.205,4.136,7.381,14.327,all P <0.05;late sur-gery group t =11.976,5.813,4.649,6.892,14.627,all P <0.05),but the indexes between the two groups were not significantly different(t =0.126,0.013,0.002,0.010,0.215,all P >0.05 ).There was no dead case in the two groups,and the incidence of atelectasis,ARDS and thoracic deformity had no significantly different between two groups (P >0.05 ).Conclusion In treatment of traumatic flail chest,early surgical treatment can rapidly improve the respiratory and circulatory function,it can shorten the postoperative recovery time,and does not increase complica-tions.So,when conditions permit,patients should be given early surgical fixation.

Objective To understand the study habits of medical postgraduates in basic cours-es so as to provide references for the reformation of teaching methods. Methods Totally 250 postgra-duates of grade 2010 in our university were investigated with self-made questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included basic condition of postgraduates, study methods and suggestions for teaching methods. Rate, percentage and Chi-square test were applied to do statistical analysis. Results Accor-ding to the results of the collected 246 copies of questionnaire, 91.5%(225/246) did not preview lessons before class, 93.5%(230/246) took notes in class, 78.9%(194/246) simply took notes in the book, 60.6%(149/246) preferred more detailed courseware and 27.2%(67/246) reviewed lessons after class. The percentage of simply taking notes in the book of local students (86.5%) was significantly higher than that of army ones (73.2%) (P=0.030), but the percentages of preferring more detailed courseware and reviewing lessons after class of local students were significantly lower than those of army ones (P=0.008, P=0.016). Conclusions The proportion of previewing before class is low among postgrauates. Postgraduates depend heavily on teachers and do not review after class in time. There are differences between local students and army students in taking notes and review habits. It is important to cultivate postgraduates’good study habits.

Objective To explore mechanical property changes of methyl vinyl silicone rubber modified by ferric nanoparticles and its dispersed phase.Methods Mechanical properties such as Shore A hardness,tensile strength,elongation at break,tearing rate of permanent deformation and tearing strength of pre-prepared ironic nanoparticle enhanced silicone rubber and carbon-coated ferric particle reinforced silicone rubber were tested according to national standards.A thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (TFE-SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of both surface and fracture of the composite materials and to observe the dispersion of ferric nanoparticles in them.Results Mean values of Shore A hardness,tensile strength,elongation at break,tearing permanent deformation rate and tear strength of modified composites increased with the increasing amounts of ferric nanoparticles,however,when the quota of ironic nanoparticles in the composite formula were greater than 17 phr,carbon-coated ferric nanoparticles more than 19 phr,the mean values of tensile strength of two composites stopped increasing and presented the declining trend.When the quota of ferric nanoparticles in the formula exceeding 15 phr,the mean values of elongation at break and tear strength began to decrease in the formula ratio of silicone rubber/ferric nanoparticles up to 85:15,while the Shore A hardness of samples increased all the way.Ferric nanoparticles dispersed evenly on the surface of composites.Nanopowder aggregation in the fracture surface of both composites could be observed at the formula ratio of 85:15 of silicone rubber/iron nanoparticle and 87:13 of silicone rubber/carbon-coated iron specimen.Conclusion Effect of iron nanapareticles and carbon-coated ferric nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of the reinforced methyl vinyl silicone rubber depends on the nanoparticle size,additive amount and agglomeration.

Aim To observe the effects of tetrahydro-biopterin ( BH4 ) on nitric oxide ( NO ) production in the kidney of type 2 diabetic nephropathy ( DN) mice, and to find a new target for the treatment of type 2 DN. Methods The 12 week-old db/db mice developed in-to DN phase were divided into 2 groups:DAHP group, subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg·kg-1 DAHP (n=8);DN group, subjected to intraperitone-al injection of same dose of normal saline containing 5% DMSO ( n = 6 ) . The age-matched db/m mice ( NS group) were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of same dose of normal saline containing 5% DMSO ( n =6 ) . Three groups of mice were treated for 7 days. Then the fasting blood-glucose, serum creatinine, u-rine protein and activity of iNOS were determined by chemical colorimetry. And the iNOS protein in renal cortex was determined by immunohistochemisty and western blot, respectively. BH4 was measured by HPLC method. NO level was determined by Griess method. Results The levels of fasting blood-glucose, serum creatinine, 24h urine volume, 24h urine pro-tein, BH4 , iNOS and NO in DN group were signifi-cantly higher than those in NS group;The levels of ser-um creatinine, urine volume, urine protein, BH4 , iN-OS and NO in DAHP group were significantly lower than those in DN group. Conclusion In the kidney of type 2 DN mice, the increased BH4 contributes to over-production of NO by the increased iNOS expression, and resultes in the increase of urine volume and urine protein.

Background:Functional dyspepsia (FD)with anxiety and gastric hypersensitivity is still one of the therapeutic difficulties in clinic. Gastrodin (Gas)may have dual effects of modulating gastric sensitivity and anxiety. Aims:To investigate the effect of Gas on gastric sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in FD with anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity in rats. Methods:Forty rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,buspirone group,low-dose Gas group and high-dose Gas group. Maternal separation,acute gastric irritation and restraint stress were sequentially performed to induce FD model with anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity. At the 8th week,rats in control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 0. 9% NaCl solution 2. 0 mL/ kg,rats in buspirone group were given buspirone 3. 125 mg/kg,and rats in low- and high-dose Gas groups were given 62. 5,125. 0 mg/ kg Gas,respectively. The course was 7 days. Then elevated plus maze (EPM),open field test,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)and electromyography (EMG) were performed. Results:Compared with control group,EPM test showed that proportions of open arms entries and duration were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01);open field test showed that virtual central grids duration (P < 0. 05),number of virtual grids climbed and times of lifting were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01);when gastric balloon dilatation pressure was equal or greater than 40 mm Hg,AWR score,area under ROC curve (AUC)of EMG was significantly increased in model group (P < 0. 05). Compared with model group,above-mentioned indices in low- and high-dose Gas groups were significantly ameliorated (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Gas could influence the gastric sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior of the brain-stomach axis regulated anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity in FD rat model.