With the progress of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the vast majority of general surgery can be safely carried out laparoscopically.But the development of the pancreas laparoscopic surgery is lagging behind.Initially laparoscopy was used only as a diagnostic and staging tool.Nevertheless with more and more successful launch of laparoscopic surgery.Surgeons devoted a great deal of energy to this field in order to benefit more patients.This review focused on the literature of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery in resent years,although the majority of literature suggests that the minimally invasive pancreatic surgery has advantages of rapid recovery,low complication rate compared to traditional open surgery.However,most studies are limited to a small sample and a single institution results.The promotion of this emerging technology still needs more rigorous evidence based medicine.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination situation in infant formula powder during the processes of production.Methods A total of 880 samples were collected from Gansu Province,which included raw materials,manufacturing facilities,personnel swabs and final infant formula powder.The detection method conducted in this study were complied with the standard of the SN/T 0738-1997 and GB 4789,and the microbial species detected in this study included Enterobacteriaceae,Enterobacter sakazakii,and Bacillus cereus.Results The detection rate of Enterobacteriaceae was 28.41％ (250/880),the detection rates of Enterobacter sakazakii and Bacillus cereus were 0.46％ (4/872) and 16.94％ (31/183) respectively.The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae (40.00％,40/100) was the highest in raw materials.Four Enterobacter sakazakii strains were isolated from the pretreatment workshop,equipment and environment surface.The prevalence of Bacillus cereus was 22.73％ (10/44) in final product.Conclusion The microbial contamination was existent widely in infant formula powder and the production procession.Rigid laws and managements should be conducted to reduce the microbial contamination in raw materials,production processes and the environment,which might improve the quality of infant formula powder.

The content of endogenous anabolic steroids is extremely low in biological matrices.Its chemical structure contains polar functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, which limits their applicability in GC-MS.The lack of ionized groups in the chemical structure leads to poor sensitivity in LC-MS, which plays a significant role in various physiological activities analysis.It is an effective way to enhance the response of mass spectrometer by modifying the chemical structure of endogenous anabolic steroids through derivatization technology.This review summarizes various derivatization reagents and corresponding derivatization processes of endogenous anabolic steroids analysis in the methods based on different testing instruments and methodologies.The advantage and disadvantage of all kinds of derivatiaztion methods and the prospect of the endogenous anabolic steroids derivatiaztion techniques are also discussed.

Objective To obtain the full-length cDNA sequences of CYP2E1,CYP2D5,ECHS1,which may be related with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,from Microtus fortis.Methods To construct Microtus fortis liver cDNA plasmid library using SMART technique,to get the purposed colonies through screening libraries by PCR,and to obtain their full-length cDNA sequences by sequencing with pBluescript II SK universal primers M13R.Results Three full-length cDNA sequences of Microtus fortis,CYP2E1,CYP2D5 and ECHS1 were obtained.The CYP2E1 cDNA was 1685 bp in length and contained a 1482 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding a 494 amino acids.The CYP2D5 cDNA was 1690 bp in length,and contained a 1514 bp ORF encoding 504 amino acids.The ECHS1 cDNA was 1013 bp in length,and containsed an 873 bp ORF encoding 290 amino acids.Sequence analysis revealed that the identity of the three cDNA sequences and deduced amino acids among Microtus fortis,Homo sapiens,Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus was high.Conclusion The full-length cDNA sequences of CYP2E1,CYP2D5,ECHS1 were obtained from Microtus forti,liver cDNA library.and the gene sequences have been deposited in GenBank (GQ507485,GQ507486,GQ845171),which may lay the foundation for researchies of pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Microtus fortis models.

Objective To investigate the expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) mRNA in the sclerotic skin of mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced scleroderma. Methods Twenty-four SPF female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the model group and the control group. The model mice were subcutaneously injected on the back with 0.1 mL of BLM (300 ?g/mL, diluted in saline) daily for 4 weeks, while the controls were injected with saline in the same manner. After the final injection the skin section in the injected area was collected for histological examination, measurement of dermis thickness, determination of hydroxyproline contents by a colorimetric method, detection of CTGF mRNA expression by in situ hybridization and measurement of CTGF and pro-collagen ?1(pro-COL1A1) mRNA expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control mice, the model mice showed typical scleroderma histologically. The dermis was significantly thicker and the skin hydroxyproline content was significantly higher in the model group than that in the controls (both P

Objective To determine a method for amplification of cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ (CO Ⅰ) gene of Brandt's vole.Methods 发he Brandt's Voles were captured in Abagaqi Xilingol League Inner Mongolia,and DNA was extracted from liver tissue.CO Ⅰ gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced afterwards.Results A band of 657 bp and 1 132 bp was amplified by internal and external PCR primers,respectively,which were consistent with expected sizes.A total of 12 segments of Brandt's Vole CO Ⅰ gene sequences were amplified by PCR and verified by sequencing.一he sequence number was KF182196-KF182207 in GenBank.After gene sequence alignment of the 12 CO Ⅰ gene sequences,it was found that the similarity was 100％,and no base mutation.Conclusion CO Ⅰ gene of Brandt's Vole could be amplified by nested PCR without pseudo gene.

Objective To illustrate more accurately the feasibility of DNA barcode technology in species identification in different geographical areas.Methods Four plague host animals were selected from three plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia for DNA barcode comparison,GC base content,codon preference and genetic distance calculation,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.Results Compared between different foci of A llactaga sibirica,the difference of base content was statistically significant (F =5.34,P ＜ 0.05);the variation of Meriones unguiculatus focus Allactaga sibirica base content was larger,and compared with other foci Allactaga sibirica,the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Different foci between one species rarely exist in codon sites.The genetic distance of intraspecific was less than 1％,and the genetic distance of interspecific was more than 18％.Conclusions DNA barcode of each species is specific,with no interspecific species sharing,and does not change with geographical position.Molecular identification of plague host animal is effective by DNA barcode.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) with clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: In 126 patients with RA and 102 matched healthy controls, SNPs of miR-146a rs2910164 locus were determined with a high-resolution melting method. The association of such polymorphisms with disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) and clinical features of RA was assessed. RESULTS: The distribution of SNPs of miR-146a rs2910164 among RA patients did not differ from that of the control group. No significant association was found between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism with DAS28. However, RA patients with a GG genotype had a greater chance to develop extra-articular manifestations (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of miR-146a rs2910164 locus is not an independent risk factor for RA, though its GG genotype may be associated with extra-articular manifestations of RA.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:In order to strictly prevent academic misconduct, effectively improve the understanding and judgment ability of researchers on medical ethics issues involved in papers, and ensure scientific and standardized research results, strict ethical review is crucial.Methods:It mainly reviews whether the clinical research paper to be submitted has obtained an ethical approval certificate, whether the content of the paper exceeds the scope of ethical approval permission or violates research ethical standards, etc., and establishing a sound paper ethics review mechanism.Results:This paper summarizes the issues, points and considerations of ethical review before submission of clinical research papers, hoping to provide some practical methods and references for the ethical review of clinical research papers in China.Conclusions:Medical and health institutions mostly carry out biomedical research involving humans, and should pay more attention to ethical norms and requirements, educate and guide researchers to strengthen ethical awareness, and improve their attention and judgment ability to medical ethical issues in papers.

Objective:To analyze the problems and risk factors of the investigator initiated out-of-range trial, propose countermeasures and suggestions, and provide reference for improving project standardization and quality, and preventing research risks.Methods:Through literature analysis and field research, combined with personal work experience, this study sorted and analyzed the problems in the regulation of out-of-range IIT conducted in hospital, and proposed countermeasures.Results:Through analysis, it was found that the current out-of-range IIT trial in China faces 5 problems: imperfect management regulations, incomplete IIT management organizational system in medical institutions, insufficient scientificity of research protocols, insufficient ethical review, and insufficient research funds.Conclusions:Out-of-range IIT is of great significance in promoting pharmaceutical innovation. Standardized management of such projects requires the efforts of regulatory authorities, medical institutions, and ethics committees, as well as the continuous improvement of researchers' awareness and research capabilities to promote the orderly, high-quality, and rapid development of IIT. Based on the above analysis, this article proposed countermeasures and suggestions: at the national level, summarize practical experience from various regions as soon as possible, improve IIT management regulations and technical guidelines; establishing clinical research and design guidance departments in medical institutions and strengthening scientific review; the ethics committee formulates ethical review standards and processes for out-of-range IIT projects to enhance review capabilities; establish a normalized clinical research training mechanism in hospitals; expand and standardize the channels for IIT funding.