Objective To investigate the gene mutation of epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR) and the expressions of hu‐man epiderma1 growth factor receptor 2(HER‐2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in lung adenocarcinoma and their relationships with the clinical pathological factors .Methods ARMS‐PCR method was used to detect the gene mutation of EGFR in 49 lung adenocarcinoma specimens and 10 normal tissue specimens .Immunohistochemical method was also used to detect the ex‐pressions of the HER‐2 and VEGF in them .Results (1) The mutation rates of EGFR and the positive rates of HER‐2 and VEGF in lung adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those in the normal tissues(P< 0 .01) .(2) The occurs of EGFR mutation were correlated with sex and the smoking habit(P<0 .05);but not correlated with age ,the size of tumor ,differential ,lymph nodes metastasis ,TNM stages and pleural invasion(P>0 .05) .The HER‐2 and VEGF protein expressions in lung adenocarcinoma were correlated with differential ,the size of tumor ,TNM stages ,lymph nodes metastasis and pleural invasion(P<0 .05);but not correla‐ted with sex ,age ,and the smoking habit(P>0 .05) .(3) The expressions of HER‐2 and VEGF protein in the lung adenocarcinoma were positively correlated with each other(P<0 .01) .Conclusion EGFR mutation is closely related to the occurrence of lung ade‐nocarcinoma ,its high expressions in the women ,non smoking people have important clinical significance .HER‐2 and VEGF could promote the lung adenocarcinoma′s occurrence ,development and transfer .They could be used to evaluate the patients′prognosis ,and provide new molecular targeted therapy .

Aim To observe the effects of tetrahydro-biopterin ( BH4 ) on nitric oxide ( NO ) production in the kidney of type 2 diabetic nephropathy ( DN) mice, and to find a new target for the treatment of type 2 DN. Methods The 12 week-old db/db mice developed in-to DN phase were divided into 2 groups:DAHP group, subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg·kg-1 DAHP (n=8);DN group, subjected to intraperitone-al injection of same dose of normal saline containing 5% DMSO ( n = 6 ) . The age-matched db/m mice ( NS group) were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of same dose of normal saline containing 5% DMSO ( n =6 ) . Three groups of mice were treated for 7 days. Then the fasting blood-glucose, serum creatinine, u-rine protein and activity of iNOS were determined by chemical colorimetry. And the iNOS protein in renal cortex was determined by immunohistochemisty and western blot, respectively. BH4 was measured by HPLC method. NO level was determined by Griess method. Results The levels of fasting blood-glucose, serum creatinine, 24h urine volume, 24h urine pro-tein, BH4 , iNOS and NO in DN group were signifi-cantly higher than those in NS group;The levels of ser-um creatinine, urine volume, urine protein, BH4 , iN-OS and NO in DAHP group were significantly lower than those in DN group. Conclusion In the kidney of type 2 DN mice, the increased BH4 contributes to over-production of NO by the increased iNOS expression, and resultes in the increase of urine volume and urine protein.

OBJECTIVE: In order to make a basis for the treatment of nasal sinuses of children and the correlated disease, we investigate the incidence rate of nasal sinusitis of children and explore the correlation between nasal sinusitis of children and CT in Kunming. METHOD: Two thousand one hundred and fourteen healthy children and 1535 children with sinusitis were selected randomly. Form whom were undergone nasal sinus computer tomography for different medical reasons. The incidence rates of nasal sinusitis in different age-groups were calculated and statistically analyzed. RESULT: The incidence rate of sinusitis was highest in 4 to 8 years old. There was moderate to high consistency between clinical diagnosis and nasal CT results (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the key stage of children's sinusitis prevention would be school-age children, and nasal CT scanning is helpful to evaluate the clinical condition.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Sinusitis ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nasal sinus development and discuss the relation between sinusitis and nasal development. METHOD: One thousand seven hundred and five healthy children and 1424 children with sinusitis were selected randomly. All children underwent naso sinus computer tomography. Sagittal, coronal and transverse diameters of all sinuses were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULT: The measured sinus diameters of children with sinusitis were longer than that of healthy children (P < 0.01). Pearson analyses revealed a low correlation of age and the history of sinusitis (P < 0.01), and no correlation of gender and the history of sinusitis. There was moderate to high consistency between clinical diagnosis and nasal CT results about sinusitis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the differences of sinus development exist between the healthy children and children with sinusitis, and the sinus development in children with sinusitis were better than that of healthy children.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; diagnostic imaging ; Paranasal Sinuses ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; Sinusitis ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the maxillary sinus development and provide data for sinus surgery on children. METHOD: Two thousand two hundred and thirty-eight children were randomly selected among those who underwent skull and nasal sinus CT scanning because of certain symptoms and signs. Patients were divided into eighteen age cohorts based on their age at the time of the scan. Anterior-posterior, transverse diameters and vertical height of the maxillary sinus were measured and statistically analyzed. RESULT: The maxillary sinus volume was enlarging even in adult, hut the growth of maxillary sinus was relatively stable in adolescent. The difference of transverse and anterior-posterior diameters of maxillary sinus had no statistical significance between female and male (P > 0.05), while there was statistically significant difference in the vertical height of maxillary sinus (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results will aid the physicians when correlating the clinical and radiographic findings of pediatric patients who are being evaluated for sinus disease and potential surgical intervention.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; Sinusitis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the etiology, incidence and clinical characteristics of pediatric prolonged and chronic diarrhea.Methods:The clinical data of children with prolonged and chronic diarrhea were collected and analyzed, which were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2017 to June 2020.Results:A total of 190 children with prolonged and chronic diarrhea were collected, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.64∶1(118/72) and a median age of 11.2(5.0, 48.0)months.Among them, 74.3%(141/190) were infants aged 0-3 years, and 54.3%(103/190) were infants aged 0-1 years.The overall cure and improvement rate was 83.7%(159/190). Gastrointestinal concomitant symptoms were dominated by abdominal pain, and vomiting, bloating, and extraintestinal concomitant symptoms were mainly fever, weight loss, and growth and development disorders.Common comorbidities included malnutrition (46.3%), anemia (35.3%), and electrolyte abnormalities (20.5%). The lesion detection rate of electronic gastrointestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy reached 93.1%(122/131). The detection rate of genetic testing was 60.0%(9/15). In this group of studies, 169 patients had a clear cause, and the confirmed diagnosis rate was 88.9%.The main causes of childhood prolonged and chronic diarrhea were food allergy(36.8%), inflammatory bowel disease(12.6%), and irritable bowel syndrome(9.5%), but 11.1% of the children did not identify the cause after comprehensive examination.Conclusion:Children with prolonged and chronic diarrhea are mainly infants and young children, especially infants, with diverse etiology, mainly non-infectious factors, food allergy and inflammatory bowel disease are important causes.Malnutrition, anemia and other complications are easy to occur.Endoscopy is helpful in diagnosing and differentiating the cause, if necessary, genetic testing could help to determine the cause.

Background::Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide. CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Methods::This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021. Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310, 150 mg CM310, or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) score from baseline at week 16. Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.Results::At week 16, the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups (70% [28/40] for high-dose and 65% [26/40] for low-dose) than that in the placebo group (20%[8/40]). The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50% (high vs. placebo, 95% CI 31%–69%) and 45% (low vs. placebo, 95% CI 26%–64%), with both P values <0.0001. CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score, Investigator’s Global Assessment score, daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, AD-affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo. CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, total immunoglobulin E, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood eosinophils. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar among all three groups, with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection, atopic dermatitis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310. Conclusion::CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Trial Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04805411.

Background:Functional dyspepsia (FD)with anxiety and gastric hypersensitivity is still one of the therapeutic difficulties in clinic. Gastrodin (Gas)may have dual effects of modulating gastric sensitivity and anxiety. Aims:To investigate the effect of Gas on gastric sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in FD with anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity in rats. Methods:Forty rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,buspirone group,low-dose Gas group and high-dose Gas group. Maternal separation,acute gastric irritation and restraint stress were sequentially performed to induce FD model with anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity. At the 8th week,rats in control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 0. 9% NaCl solution 2. 0 mL/ kg,rats in buspirone group were given buspirone 3. 125 mg/kg,and rats in low- and high-dose Gas groups were given 62. 5,125. 0 mg/ kg Gas,respectively. The course was 7 days. Then elevated plus maze (EPM),open field test,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)and electromyography (EMG) were performed. Results:Compared with control group,EPM test showed that proportions of open arms entries and duration were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01);open field test showed that virtual central grids duration (P < 0. 05),number of virtual grids climbed and times of lifting were significantly decreased (P < 0. 01);when gastric balloon dilatation pressure was equal or greater than 40 mm Hg,AWR score,area under ROC curve (AUC)of EMG was significantly increased in model group (P < 0. 05). Compared with model group,above-mentioned indices in low- and high-dose Gas groups were significantly ameliorated (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Gas could influence the gastric sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior of the brain-stomach axis regulated anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity in FD rat model.