The self-renewal and multi-lineage developmental potential are the unique properties of human embryonic stem(ES) cells. The growth factors that maintain human or mouse embryonic stem cells are different. Leuckemia inhibitory factor(LIF) does not maintain self-renewal of human ES cells(hESCs). Recently, a few growth factors have been found to be biologically relevant for hESCs functions in vitro, among them the basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) is one of the most significant regulators of hESCs self-renewal. The purpose of this review is to introduce the recent progress in the research on the expressions of bFGF and its receptors and their functions in hESCs.

Objective To further explore the mechanism by which bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP-4)might be involved in hematopoietic differentiation of the yolk sac.We observed the expression of BMP-4,CD34,CD133 and tyrosine kinase receptors(KDR) in the blood island of the yolk sac at embryonic 3 to 8 weeks.Methods Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and the presence of BMP-4,CD34,CD133 and KDR proteins was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in 57 human embryos.Results In the human yolk sac,we found that BMP-4 was expressed at high levels from the 16th day to the 7th week,and decreased quickly after week 7.The results showed that KDR,CD133 and CD34 largely appeared on the 21st and 30th day,then increased at the 6th week,and decreased quickly after week 7.Furthermore,Ihh,SCl,GATA-1,GATA-2 and PU.1 mRNAs showed that PU.1 was not expressed on the 16th day;however,other factors were expressed all the time.Conclusion The distribution of BMP-4,KDR,CD34,CD133 and transcription factors expression highly suggested that BMP-4 was secreted from the yolk sac which might exert its effects on the specification of human hemangioblast and hematopoietic stem cells from the embryonic mesoderm in vivo through transcription factors.

[Objective]To explore the effects of Chinese traditional medicine and bone marrow transplantation(BMT) on delayed union.[Method] The model of delayed union in rabbit's radius was made and divided into 4 gronps.Group A,20 rabbits treated with Chinese traditional medicine and red marrow 2 ml;Group B,20 rabbits treated with Chinese traditional medicine;Group C,20 rabbits treated with red marrow;Group D,15 rabbits treated with nothing.Histology,alkaline phosphates and xray were observed in the 4th,8th and 12th weeks after treating.[Result] Histology,alkaline phosphates and x-ray reveals that group A healed earlier than group B,C and D.At the same time,the rate of healing of group A was higher than others.[Conclusion] The treatment of delayed union by Chinese traditional medicine and bone marrow transplantation is an effective mean.

Objective The expression of hematopoietic stem cell and neural markers on placenta adherent cells and their association were investigated,the potential of neural differentiation of placenta adherent cells may demonstrate the relationship between placenta adherent cells and hematogenesis and neurogenesis.Methods Isolated adherent cells in human placenta tissue were stained immunocytochemically with Nestin,MAP2,MBP,CD133,CD34 antibody to detect protein production and induced neural differentiation with ?-mercaptoethanol and retinoic acid.ResultsIsolated placenta adherent cells confirmed to be heterogenous expressed CD133,Nestin,MAP2 weakly and CD34 none.While induced cells showed neural like morphology,strong positive for Nestin、MAP2 and weak positive for MBP and GFAP in immunocytochemical staining.Conclusion Human placenta adherent cells can be induced into neural like cells in vitro with histological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC),it provides a new source for clinical application of hMSCs.

Objective The expression of hematopoietic stem cell and neural markers on placenta adherent cells and their association were investigated, the potential of neural differentiation of placenta adherent cells may demonstrate the relationship between placenta adherent cells and hematogenesis and neurogenesis. Methods Isolated adherent cells in human placenta tissue were stained immunocytochemically with Nestin, MAP_2, MBP, CD133, CD34 antibody to detect protein production and induced neural differentiation with β-mercaptoethanol and retinoic acid. Results Isolated placenta adherent cells confirmed to be heterogenous expressed CD133, Nestin, MAP_2 weakly and CD34 none. While induced cells showed neural like morphology, strong positive for Nestin, MAP_2 and weak positive for MBP and GFAP in immunocytochemical staining. Conclusion Human placenta adherent ceils can be induced into neural like cells in vitro with histological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) ,it provides a new source for clinical application of hMSCs.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and diagnostic flow of cervical spondylosis with proximal upper extremity amyotrophy;and further analyze the clinical effect of cervical anterior decompression and fusion on cervical spondylosis with proximal upper extremity amyotrophy.Methods Twenty-two cases of cervical spondylosis with proximal upper extremity amyotrophy were analyzed retrospectively from June 2006 to December 2013.Seventeen males and 5 females with an average age of (55.73 ± 8.64) years (38 to 68 years) were included.The mean preoperative course of disease was (19.2 ± 21.86) months (1-72 months).Clinical symptoms,imaging findings and electrophysiological findings were analyzed.The muscular strength recovery of atrophic muscles was evaluated by Manual Muscle Testing (MMT).The clinical improvement rate was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score,and the clinical satisfaction was assessed at followed up.Results The muscles involved in patients of cervical spondylosis with proximal upper extremity amyotrophy are mainly the deltoid muscle,biceps and scapula levator muscle.Most cases of imaging findings showed multi-segmental degeneration,of which C4,5,C5,6 segments were most common.Neuroelectrophysiological examination showed that affected muscles experienced obvious denervation and decreased action potential.The average follow-up time was (44.14 ± 20.51) months (14 to 102 months).At the last follow-up,the JOA score (16.29 ±0.59) in 17 cases was higher than preoperative (15.12 ± 0.93),the difference was statistically significant (F=51.814,P=0.000),and the average improvement rate was 73.3％.MMT assessment showed that 19 patients (86.4％) in this group had muscle strength recovery for more than 1 grade at the last follow-up.The average clinical satisfaction was 83.7％.Conclusion The clinical diagnosis of cervical spondylosis with proximal upper extremity amyotrophy requires a combination of clinical symptoms,imaging findings and neurophysiological examination results for comprehensive judgment.Anterior cervical decompression and fusion in the treatment of cervical spondylosis with proximal upper extremity amyotrophy patients can achieve good clinical results.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for two-staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) is a novel approach for hepatectomy.The case we reported was a 68 years old male patient diagnosed with hilar cholangiocellular carcinoma and obstructive jaundice.ALPPS surgery was operated.Since the patient's left lateral lobe volume was less than 40％ of the whole liver volume (merely 33.91％),the ligation of the right portal vein,plus in situ split of the junction zone between left medial and left lateral liver lobe and the dissection of portal lymph nodes as the first stage operation was conducted.Abdominal CT on the 8th day after the operation reported an increase on the volume of left lateral lobe by 32％ to 41.5％ of the whole liver volume.On the 12th day after the first stage operation,an extended right trilobate hepatectomy combined with left hepatic duct intra-jejunum drainage was performed as the second operation.The patient completely recovered and was discharged three weeks after the second stage operation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of Chinese medicine Sansheng Huatan Decoction combined with chemotherapy in treating advanced primary non-small-cell lung cancer and to evaluated the effect of Sansheng Huatan Decoction increasing clinical effect and decreasing toxicity in chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients of advanced primary non-small-cell lung cancer proved by pathological examination were randomized into two groups. The treatment group was treated with Sansheng Huatan Decoction and chemotherapy, and the control group was treated only with chemotherapy. The clinic effect, life quality, natural killer (NK) activities, liver and kidney functions, and blood routine test of the 2 groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The clinical effective rates of the treatment and control groups were 56.7% and 48.2% respectively, and there was no statistic significance (P>0.10). The life quality, NK activities and blood routine test of the treatment group were better than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Sansheng Huatan Decoction combined with chemotherapy is a better treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer as compared with chemotherapy.

Objective Method discussion of measuring curvature of cervical endplate based on reverse engineering software.Methods The CT scan images data (From C2 to C7) of 8 normal males were selected and inputted into Mimics 10.0 software for 3D reconstruction and separation (cervical spine is divided into C1-C7 isolated reconstructed 3D images).Another software NX Imageware 13.2 is used for further curvature measuring in lines named left,middle,right,anterior,middle,posterior which are derived from each superior and inferior endplate.In each line,15 different points which can perfectly show morphologic characters of the endplate are selected for statistic comparing between different points in the same endplate,different lines in the same endplate,different endplates in the same individual and the same endplate in different individuals.In addition,the correlation between the concavity and the width and depth of endplate is also analyzed.Results From inferior endplate of C2 to that of C6,except superior endplate of C7,there is significant difference between different points in the same line (P＜0.05),while it is opposite in the compare between lines in the same endplate,different endplates in the same individual and the same endplate (except inferior endplate of C4) in different individuals (P＞0.05).It showed significant correlation between the concavity and the width and depth of endplate.Conclusion Reverse engineering software is feasible to be used in evaluate morphologic characters of normal cervical endplate as a new method for measuring the detail parameters of them,it also explore the laws of the curvatures of cervical endplate initially and both of them will be of great use for cervical interbody cage design.

Objective To study the feasibility and safety of pure laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma via the anterior approach.Methods The data of five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent pure laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy at the First People's Hospital of Foshan between December 2013 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients'operation time,blood loss,blood transfusion rate,surgical margins,hospital stay,complication and short term outcomes were reviewed.Results All the five patients completed pure laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy without conversion to open surgery.The average (range) operation time was 6.0 (5 ～ 8) h.The average blood loss was 340 (110 ～ 600) ml.No patient received blood transfusion.The average surgical margin was 2.4 (1 ～4.5) cm.The average postoperative hospital stay was 7 (4 ～ 15) d.The average follow-up was 22 (2 ～38) months.Three patients experienced postoperative complications,which included ascites,pleural effusion,and ascites accompanied by biliary leakage,respectively.The last patient recovered well from drainage.No liver failure,cancer recurrence or death was noted.Conclusions This study demonstrated that pure laparoscopic right hemihepatotectomy via the anterior approach is a minimally invasive procedure which has the advantage of fast postoperative recovery.It was feasible and safe to treat hepatocellular carcinoma with favorable short-term outcomes.