Starter is one of the most important factors in the yoghourt producing.The using of vacuum freeze-drying starter can greatly improve the quality of products and avoid some technical problems.The best combination of S.t and L.b were mushroom juice 14mL、carrot juice 10mL、maize liquid 0.6mL、Vc 0.2g and beer 10mL、tomato 10mL、carrot juice 15mL、mushroom juice 16mL respectively,the best cultivate time was also determined.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)is a new concept of accelerating the recovery of patients through a series of multi-mode strategies based on evidence-based medicine date in perioperative period. The perioperative fluid therapy is an important part of ERAS, including three phases of preoperative、intraoperative and postoperative. Its aim is to maintain the circulation volume to ensure circulation stability and effective perfusion of tissues, to avoid tissue ischemia and hypoxia, and to reduce surgical stress, maintain internal environment stability, reduce postoperative respiratory and circulatory complications, thus accelerating recovery. Fluid therapy has been controversial, Goal-directed Fluid Therapy is a recognized method.This article reviews the latest advances in preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative fluid therapy on the guidance of ERAS and its influence on postoperative outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the effects of acute peritonitis on rocuronium?induced neuromus?cular blockade in abdominal muscles and function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rats. Methods Thirty?six pathogen?free male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into 2 groups using a ran?dom number table: control group (group C, n=12) and acute peritonitis group (group P, n=24). After the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, acute peritonitis was induced by artificial gastric per?foration in group P. At 1 and 2 h after operation, the changes in the intra?abdominal pressure (IAP) with different volumes were detected, and blood samples were collected from the orbital veins for determination of serum levels of interleukin?6, tumor necrosis factor?alpha and interleukin?13. Rocuronium 3. 5 mg∕kg was then injected via the caudal vein. The IAP was recorded at 1, 5 and 10 min after administration. The intra?cellular free Ca2+ concentration was assessed using fura?2, and the maximal Ca2+ uptake and release rate in the sarcoplasmic reticulum were calculated. Results Compared with group C, the serum levels of interleu?kin?6 and tumor necrosis factor?alpha at 2 h after operation and IAP at 1 and 2 h after operation were signifi?cantly increased, the IAP was increased at 1, 5 and 10 min after administration of rocuronium, and the maximal Ca2+ uptake rate and amount of calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum were decreased in group P ( P<0.01) . Conclusion Acute peritonitis decreases rocuronium?induced neuromuscular blockade in abdominal muscles, which may be related to the impaired Ca2+uptake function of the sarcoplasmic reticu?lum of rats.

Objective To observe the oxygenation and heartbeat duration effect of peritoneal ventilation with oxygen on a rabbit asphyxia model so as to provide a basis for treatment of severe respiratory damage with peritoneal oxygenation technique. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomized into control group,air group and oxygen group,eight rabbits per group.Trachea dissection and intubation,carotid artery and vein catheter and placement of peritoneal cavity in and out of air duct were performed.An asphyxia model was built by clamping the tracheal catheter and was administered with peritoneal ventilation (with air in air group and oxygen in oxygen group).Indices including blood gas and mean arterial pressure (MAP) before and at an interval of one minute after asphyxia and heartbeat duration were observed,and their differences between groups were compared. Results The arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( PaO2 ) in the oxygen group was higher than that in the control group within four minutes after asphyxia.The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( PaCO2 ) [ (77.6 ± 11.2) mm Hg] in the oxygen group was significantly lower than (89.1 ± 10.1 )mm Hg in the control group at four minutes after asphyxia.The heartbeat duration [ (6.48 ± 0.89 ) minutes ] in the oxygen group was longer than (5.03 ± 0.51 ) minutes in the control group.MAP had no obvious changes in the three groups. Conclusion The transperitoneal ventilation with gaseous oxygen can alleviate the decrease of PaO2,increase of PaCO2 and prolong the duration of heartbeat in an asphyxia rabbit model.

OBJECTIVE:To study the affinity of penehyclidine optical isomers to muscarinic(M)receptor subtypes,and pro-vide reference for revealing the action targets and efficacy selectivity of penehyclidine. METHODS:Homology modeling,molecu-lar docking and other molecular simulation technologies were used to analyze and predict the binding energy of 4 optical isomers to M receptor subtypes and judge its affinity by comparing the binding energy of different optical isomers R1 (3R,2′R),R2 (3R, 2′S),S1(3S,2′R),S2(3S,2′S)with M receptor subtypes M1-M5. RESULTS:All the 4 optical isomers can dock into the ac-tive sites of M receptor subtypes,and different optical isomers showed great differences in the molecular docking with different M receptor subtypes. Penehyclidine isomers showed larger binding energy to M3,the binding energy of 4 optical isomers ranged in 5736.519-5907.143 kcal/mol. The binding energy of R1 to M1 was 1190.041 kcal/mol;while those of other optical isomers to each receptor subtype were lower or negative. CONCLUSIONS:R1 shows the affinity to M1 receptor. And all the 4 optical isomer show the affinity to M3.

Objective To compare anesthetic effect and safety of general anesthesia and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia used in autonomic nervous hyperresponsive surgery for patients with paraplegia.Methods 26 paraplegic patients were randomly divided into two groups-control group and treatment group from February 2011 to November,2015,each with 13 cases.The control group used general anesthesia,while the treatment group used combined spinal and epidural anesthesia,to observe onset time,duration,intraoperative hemodynamic changes and complications,Complications,length of stay and cost,Days and costs of hospitalization,satisfaction of patients and their families,of anesthesia in two groups.Results The dosage of narcotics and the onset time of the treatment group were better than that of the control group.The difference between the two groups was significant,and had statistical significance (P＜0.05) Two groups of patients after surgery,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure and heart rate were lower in the treatment group than in the control group,and had statistically significant difference (P＜0.05);The postoperative complications of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group,and had statistically significant difference (P＜0.05);There were statistically significant differences in postoperative pain degree between the two groups (P＜0.05);Two groups of patients in hospital days,hospital costs,satisfaction rate had statistically significant difference,Have statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusion In autonomic nervous hyperresponsive surgery for patients with paraplegia,anesthetic effect and safety of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia is significantly better than that of general anesthesia,featured by the rapid onset of action,long duration,fewer complications,strong safety and patients' great satisfaction.It is worth generalizing and applying clinically.

Objective To study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1 3 (MMP-1 3)and p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma,and to explore the associations of the expressions of MMP-1 3 and p73 with the clinico-pathological features,and to evaluate their clinical significances for the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis.Methods The immunohistochemistry SP methods was used to evaluate the expressions of MMP-1 3 and p73 in 1 43 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 55 normal tissues adjacent to carcinoma,and their associa-tions to the clinicopathologic features were analyzed.Results The expression of MMP-1 3 in gastric adenocarci-noma was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues of cancer (67.1 3% vs 1 6.35%),with a significant difference (χ2 =41 .1 0,P =0.000).The expression of p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues of cancer (58.74% vs 1 2.73%),with a significant difference (χ2 =33.86,P =0.000).In the gastric adenocarcinoma,the expression of MMP-1 3 was associated with peripheral lymph node metastasis (χ2 =1 1 .835,P =0.001 ),depth of invasion (χ2 =5.1 77,P =0.032)and TNM stage (χ2 =1 1 .1 07,P =0.001 ),but it was not correlated with the ages of patients (χ2 =0.1 1 3,P =0.853),tumor size (χ2 =0.338,P =0.591 )and tumor differentiation level (χ2 =3.628,P =0.072).In the gastric adenocarci-noma,the expression of p73 was associated with peripheral lymph node metastasis (χ2 =1 1 .440,P =0.001 ), tumor differentiation level (χ2 =5.407,P =0.025)and TNMstage (χ2 =9.497,P =0.003),but it was not correlated with the ages of patients (χ2 =1 .567,P =0.222),tumor size (χ2 =0.841 ,P =0.392)and depth of invasion (χ2 =0.554,P =0.498).The expression of MMP-1 3 was positively correlated with the expression
of p73 in gastric adenocarcinoma group (r =0.684,P =0.000).Conclusion Both MMP-1 3 and p73 may participate in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma,which can be used as an important index for the eval-uation of invasiveness and metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objective To study NonO protein expression changes in murine erythroleukemia ( MEL ) cell differentiation induced by sodium butyrate .Methods Benzidine staining was used to test sodium butyrate-induced erythroid differentiation of MEL cells .We detected NonO protein expression changes in MEL cell differentiation induced by sodium butyrate and NonO protein localization in MEL cells by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry .Furthermore , we applied PCR technique to detect NonO RNA expression in differentiation process .Results We found that NonO protein was upregulated at gene and protein levels in the erythroid differentiation process of MEL cells induced by sodium butyrate and located in cytoplasm and nucleus in MEL cells .Conclusion These results show that NonO protein is closely related with MEL cell differentiation induced by sodium butyrate , which may provide important clues for further study of the mechanism of leukemia .

Objective The explore the mechanism responsible for diaphragmatic contractile and relaxation dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis. Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally into a sham-operated group and two model groups of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for examination at 6 and 12 h following CLP (CLP-6 h and CLP-12 h groups). The parameters of diaphragm contractile and relaxation were measured, and the calcium uptake and release rates of the diaphragmatic sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the protein expressions of SERCA1, SERCA2 and RyR in the diaphragmatic muscles were determined. Results The half-relaxation time of the diaphragm was extended in both the CLP-6 h and CLP-12 h groups with significantly reduced maximum tension declinerate and the peek uptake rate of SERCA (P<0.01). Diaphragmatic maximum twitch force development rate, the maximal twitch, tetanus tensions and the peek release rate of SR decreased only at 12h after CLP (P<0.01). The expression levels of SERCA1 protein decreased significantly in the diaphragmatic muscles at 12h following CLP (P<0.01) while SERCA2 expression level and SERCA activity showed no significant changes. Conclusion In the acute stage of sepsis, both the contractile and relaxation functions of the diaphragm are impaired. Diaphragmatic relaxation dysfunction may result from reduced calcium uptake in the SR and a decreased level of SERCA1 in the diaphragmatic muscles.

Objective The explore the mechanism responsible for diaphragmatic contractile and relaxation dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis. Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally into a sham-operated group and two model groups of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for examination at 6 and 12 h following CLP (CLP-6 h and CLP-12 h groups). The parameters of diaphragm contractile and relaxation were measured, and the calcium uptake and release rates of the diaphragmatic sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the protein expressions of SERCA1, SERCA2 and RyR in the diaphragmatic muscles were determined. Results The half-relaxation time of the diaphragm was extended in both the CLP-6 h and CLP-12 h groups with significantly reduced maximum tension declinerate and the peek uptake rate of SERCA (P<0.01). Diaphragmatic maximum twitch force development rate, the maximal twitch, tetanus tensions and the peek release rate of SR decreased only at 12h after CLP (P<0.01). The expression levels of SERCA1 protein decreased significantly in the diaphragmatic muscles at 12h following CLP (P<0.01) while SERCA2 expression level and SERCA activity showed no significant changes. Conclusion In the acute stage of sepsis, both the contractile and relaxation functions of the diaphragm are impaired. Diaphragmatic relaxation dysfunction may result from reduced calcium uptake in the SR and a decreased level of SERCA1 in the diaphragmatic muscles.