Early stage Hodgkin' s lymphoma (HL) is highly curable with abbreviated chemotherapy plus involved-filed radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone,but the role of radiation remains the subject of debate and disagreement.The management of recurrent or refractory HL remains challenging with limited effective treatments except high dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation.Emerging new safe and effective drugs such as brentuximab vedotin might promisingly improve the outcome of these patients in the future.The interim positron emission tomography (PET-i) scan has important prognostic value in patients with early and advanced stage HL,especially PET scan after 2 cycles.However,the PET-i guided treatment decisions are not currently recommended outside clinical trials.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a kind of indolent Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL),which stems from follicle germinal center.A lot of research reported the latest development about treatment of FL in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting.Effect of radiotherapy for patients at low stage was determined,while the outcomes of clinical trials in which monoclonal antibody (GA101) in combination with chemotherapy for the advanced stage FL were exciting.In rituximab era,relapsed/refractory FL patients who receive stem cell transplantation could acquire preferable remissions.Several novel drugs (inhibitor of BTK or PI3K) for relapsed/refractory FL played a role of guidepost with the progression of corresponding trials.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Since the appearance of rituximab,the most common first-line therapy is rituximab in combination with chemotherapy.About 70 percent of patients could achieve complete remission (CR) and be cured finally.But one third of patients could not reach CR after frontline treatment or relapse early,especially the elder patients or high risk ones.In the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting,a plenty of treatments focusing on these patients brought encouraging results,which makes it possible to further improve the CR rate.The progresses in relapse/refractory,high risk and special site DLBCL will be summarized in this paper based on the reports in the 56th ASH annual meeting.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a kind of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL), which origins from follicle germinal center. Multiple researches reported the latest development about treatment of FL in the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. The outcomes of clinical trials in which GAl01 combined with chemotherapy and bendamustine in combination with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan for the advanced stage FL were exciting. Relapsed/refractory FL patients who receive tandem autologous followed by nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation could acquire preferable remissions. With the emerging of novel drugs including inhibitor of bcl-2 or PI3K and antibody drug conjugate, more and more improvements of efficacy and remission were made in the treatment of relapsed/refractory FL therapy and remission.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of migrating and homing to brain tumors in vivo and therefore is a promising targeted-delivery vehicle in cancer gene therapy. MSCs are transfected or transducted with the therapeutic genes and achieve stable expression in vitro, then are delivered to the host to exert their therapeutic effects. The Ex Vivo gene transfer of MSCs has been studied in several types of tumors including gliomas, and results were postive. The safety of MSC-based gene delivery remains to be controversial. The interactions between MSCs and host tumor cells need to be investigated.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with highly heterogeneous clinical course. How to recognize patients with high risk is coming into the focus of the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) score as a classic prognostic system is challenged by variety of new prognosis systems. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in progression of lymphoma, and its prognostic value draw much more attention. The value of PET-CT for prognosis of DLBCL has also been affirmed in this meeting.

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with both anatomic and functional information is now widely utilized for most lymphoma subtypes,among which,the pretreatment staging and response assessment of PET-CT in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)have been well documented.Multiple clinical trials are ongoing using PET-CT for therapy monitoring.Additionally,factors interpreting interim PET (PET-i) like visual analysis using Deauville 5-PS,metabolic tumor volume at baseline (MTV0),and △ SUVmaxPET0-i show different prognostic values.However,the management of PET-CT in lymphoma is still elusive,further trials remain to be done to get evidences for the use of PET-CT in guiding therapeutic decisions.

TWO average expense control(TAEC) is the method that the hospital want to control the increasing breadth of medicine expense by limiting the total expense which include both clinic expense and hospitalize expense.TAEC will fake great help to improve the relationship of docfor and patient and to promote the hospital work.But the method of TAEC will also to be optimize further.

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a malignant B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, which still remains incurable. Reports on the latest research progress of WM were presented in the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, covering the theoretical and clinical researches of this disease. In basic research, mechanism of ibrutinib resistance has been further explored. The application of modern technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, has promoted the pathogenesis and prognosis of WM. In clinical research, retrospective analyses of traditional treatment provide new theoretical foundation in the choice of regimen, while clinical trials on new drugs including BGB-3111 and oprozomib may improve the therapy. The research advances in WM will be summarized in this paper.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignancy for most patients. Frontline treatment is generally ABVD alone or combination with other chemotherapy regimens or radiation. However, the treatment of relapsed refractory HL (RR HL) remains a major challenge for clinicians. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the preferred treatment for chemoresistant patients. In addition, the combination of brentuximab vedotin (BV) with programmed cell death receptor 1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab, BV combined with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide), panobinotast in combination with ICE and many other new drugs are in clinical trials and research. The latest progress in treatment of HL is reported in depth in the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.