Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent form of leukemia in Western countries, is characterized by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes in the blood,bone marrow,lymph nodes and spleen.During the past decades,important advances have been made in the understanding of the biology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of CLL.In the 53rd ASH annual meeting,lots of new discoveries about the biology, prognosis, and treatment of CLL were introduced which lead us to further understand CLL and may provide more or better treatments for CLL patients.

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a malignant B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, which still remains incurable. Reports on the latest research progress of WM were presented in the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, covering the theoretical and clinical researches of this disease. In basic research, mechanism of ibrutinib resistance has been further explored. The application of modern technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, has promoted the pathogenesis and prognosis of WM. In clinical research, retrospective analyses of traditional treatment provide new theoretical foundation in the choice of regimen, while clinical trials on new drugs including BGB-3111 and oprozomib may improve the therapy. The research advances in WM will be summarized in this paper.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignancy for most patients. Frontline treatment is generally ABVD alone or combination with other chemotherapy regimens or radiation. However, the treatment of relapsed refractory HL (RR HL) remains a major challenge for clinicians. High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the preferred treatment for chemoresistant patients. In addition, the combination of brentuximab vedotin (BV) with programmed cell death receptor 1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab, BV combined with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide), panobinotast in combination with ICE and many other new drugs are in clinical trials and research. The latest progress in treatment of HL is reported in depth in the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a kind of malignant B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with highly heterogeneous clinical courses. Due to the recent advances in immunology, cellular genetics and molecular biology, several prognostic markers based on genetic, phenotypic, and molecular biology characteristics of CLL cells have emerged in the past decade. This article reviews the reports from the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting on the progress of the prognosis of CLL.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative clonal disease with a highly heterogeneous clinical course. In recent years, with the emerging of immunochemotherapy, bcl-2 inhibitor, B-cell receptor signal transduction kinase inhibitors and the chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T), more and more improvements were made in CLL therapy and remission. This report addressed the progress of CLL therapy in the 57th American Society of Hematology annual meeting.

Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL)is a highly curable malignancy for most patients during the recent decades.Frontline treatment is generally ABVD alone or in combination with other chemotherapy regimens or radiation. To achieve a higher control of disease, ABVD chemotherapy has been challenged by more intensive treatments, such as Stanford V and BEACOPP regimen. In the 53rd ASH annual meeting,ABVD is still widely accepted as standard regimen for HL, even in elderly people or patients with HIV infection. Relapsed or refractory HL is a challenging problem for clinician, and high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation(HDC/ASCT)is the preferred treatment for chemoresistant patients.Many novel treatment strategies were explored for these patients.Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning provides important prognostic information in patients with HL receiving chemotherapy or pre/posttransplant,but the utility of long term surveillance radiological studies is not recommended in the meeting.

Early stage Hodgkin' s lymphoma (HL) is highly curable with abbreviated chemotherapy plus involved-filed radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone,but the role of radiation remains the subject of debate and disagreement.The management of recurrent or refractory HL remains challenging with limited effective treatments except high dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation.Emerging new safe and effective drugs such as brentuximab vedotin might promisingly improve the outcome of these patients in the future.The interim positron emission tomography (PET-i) scan has important prognostic value in patients with early and advanced stage HL,especially PET scan after 2 cycles.However,the PET-i guided treatment decisions are not currently recommended outside clinical trials.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a kind of indolent Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL),which stems from follicle germinal center.A lot of research reported the latest development about treatment of FL in the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting.Effect of radiotherapy for patients at low stage was determined,while the outcomes of clinical trials in which monoclonal antibody (GA101) in combination with chemotherapy for the advanced stage FL were exciting.In rituximab era,relapsed/refractory FL patients who receive stem cell transplantation could acquire preferable remissions.Several novel drugs (inhibitor of BTK or PI3K) for relapsed/refractory FL played a role of guidepost with the progression of corresponding trials.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Since the appearance of rituximab,the most common first-line therapy is rituximab in combination with chemotherapy.About 70 percent of patients could achieve complete remission (CR) and be cured finally.But one third of patients could not reach CR after frontline treatment or relapse early,especially the elder patients or high risk ones.In the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting,a plenty of treatments focusing on these patients brought encouraging results,which makes it possible to further improve the CR rate.The progresses in relapse/refractory,high risk and special site DLBCL will be summarized in this paper based on the reports in the 56th ASH annual meeting.

The role of consolidating radiation therapy (RT) is very controversial in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL),especially in adolescents and young adults (AYA) HL.The key problem is how to achieve better therapeutic effect but bear less toxicities in chemotherapy and radiotherapy,which will be hopefully solved by clinical trials adopting interim positron emission tomography (iPET) scanning to guide therapy for HL.The new technologies including whole genome amplification (WGA),high-throughput gene sequencing (NGS) assay and genome-wide association study (GWAS) further illustrate abnormal signaling pathways in HL,such as NF-κB,JAK/STAT and PI3K pathway,which may provide new therapeutic targets for the disease.