Objective To observe the change of Bax/Bcl-2 of pulmonary epithelium on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury.Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group,LPS group.After giving LPS 5mg/kg or NS 4 hours,the respiratory rates and partial pressure of arterial oxygen were measured.Then the rats were killed and the ratios of W/D of lung tissue were detected.The Bcl-2-positive cells and Bax-positive cells were measured by using immunocytochemistry.Results After giving LPS,the respiratory rates and the ratios of W/D of lung tissue were higher than those in control group.Partial pressure of arterial oxygen was lower than that in control group.Bcl-2-positive cells had no significant difference between two groups,and Bax-positive cells were higher than those in control group.Conclusion The increasing of Bax-positive cells induced the apoptosis might be the mechanism of ALI.

20% ) were assigned to 2 groups according to study intervention: group A ( n =72) receiving DFPP and group B ( n =41) as controls.Group A was subdivided into 2 groups:group A1 ( n =44) was treated by DFPP alone and group A2 ( n =28) was treated by DFPP plus Dac.The incidence rates of HAR,AR,adverse reaction,patie nt/kidney survival,kidney function were observed. All the patients obtained a fo llow-up ≥12 months. Results In 72 patients of group A ,the level of PRA decreased from (60.5?17.7)% to (19.3?11.2)%,with a mean of (41.2?16.9)% ( P 0.05),with 1 kidney-year survival of 94.4% in group A and 78.0 % in group B ( P 0.05);those of AR were 36.4% and 14.3%,respectively ( P 0.05).No difference in infection episodes an d adverse events between group A and PRA-negative recipients, the same as those between group A1 and A2. Conclusions DFPP can decrease the level of PRA significantly before transplantation by selectively eliminating the sensitive antibody,especially when combined with Dac,which can make sensiti zed recipients get the chance of transplanting and further reduce the incidence of AR.The patient/kidney survival rates of 1 year are satisfactory.Being well to lerated by the sensitized patients,treatment of DFPP combined with Dac is safe a nd effective.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with a highly heterogeneous clinical course.The malignant B lymphocytes that have a mature appearance infiltrate in to lymph node,bone marrow,liver and spleen.The 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting explored multiple aspects including pathogenesis,treatment,response evaluation and prognosis of CLL.Clinical outcome of CLL patients can be predicted more accurately by a series of novel markers such as minimal residual disease.The progress of response evaluation and prognosis in CLL were focused in this review.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN),and to study the clinical protective mechanism of EGb.Method A prospective,non-randomized,controlled study was conducted on 103 cases of CAN from March 2013 to March 2015.All patients were divided into experimental group (group A,53 cases) and control group (group B,50 cases).The group A was treated with EGb.Patients were followed up for at least 6 months.Before and after treatment,the changes in renal hemodynamic parameters were observed.The biochemical parameters were also observed,including 24-h urinary protein,urinary albumin,serum creatinine (Scr),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),platelet count (PLT),fibrinogen (FIB),D-dimer (DD),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).The clinical efficacy and safety were analyzed.Result (1) Therewere no significant differences in clinical and biochemical parameters between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).(2) After treatment,the systolic peak flow velocity (Vmax) of segmental artery and arcuate artery in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group,and the resistance index (RI) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group,P＜0.05.(3) In both two groups,the 24-h urinary protein,urinaryalbumin,TG,TC and Scr were decreased after treatment (P＜0.05),and eGFR was elevated (P＜0.05).Moreover,the changes in 24-h urinary protein and urinary albumin in the experimental group were more significant than the control group after treatment (P＜0.05).(3) PLT,FIB and DD in experimental group were significantly decreased after treatment,and APTT was increased significantly (P＜0.05).PLT,FIB,DD and APTT had significant change after treatment in the experimental group as compared with control group.(4) There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between two groups (x2 =0.047,P =0.828).Conclusion The therapy of EGb in patients with CAN could reduce urinary protein and improve hypercoagulable state,and had few adverse reaction with good security.

Objective To investigate the expression and biological function of miRNA-449 a in lung cancer . Methods A case-control study was conducted in 58 patients diagnosed with lung cancer ( carcinoma and adeno-carcinoma) and normal tissue closely adjacent to tumor.MiRNA-449a simulation was designed and synthesized, was dissolved into two different concentrations as 10 and 20 mg/mL.The expression of miRNA-449a in lung cancer tissues and matched normal tissues were detected by Real time PCR .The expression of luciferase gene was detected by chemiluminescence technique.MiRNA-449a mimics on cell apoptosis was evaluated by MTT assay . Results The mean tissues expression levels of miRNA-449 a in squamous carcinoma group and adenocarcinoma group were 1.48 ±1.63 and 1.52 ±1.54 respectively, and were significantly lower than in control group (2.74 ± 1.55 ) ( P<0.01 ) .The average intensity of fluorescent protein in 10 mg/mL group and 20 mg/mL group were 2 115 ±168 and 1 352 ±159 respectively , and were significantly lower than that in control group ( 4 975 ±115 ) ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions MiRNA-449 a was down-regulated expression in lung cancer and induced apoptosis .

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of 308 nm excimer laser plus topical pimeevaluated after 15 and 30 times of laser therapy respectively.ResultsExcept for one patient,all patients were able to be evaluated for effiicacy.After 30 times of laser therapy,the response and excellent response rates were 89.6%and 77.1%respectively,in group A，5.0%and 52.1%respectively in group B;both rates were significantly higher in group A than in group B(both P＜0.05).Also,a highler repigmentation rate was obtained in facial lesions in group A compared with group B.Conclusions The 308 nm excimer laser is safe,erective and well-tolerated for vitiligo in childhood,and the combination with topical imecrolimus cream may improve its efficacy in facial vitiligo.

AIM:To explore the effects of confluent endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from young and aged rats on the phenotype conversion, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells ( SMCs) .METH-ODS:Mononuclear cells were obtained from the bone marrow of young (1~2 month old) and aged (19 to 26 month old) Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured with medium DMEM/F12 ( containing 15% fetal bovine serum, endothelial cell growth supplements (ECGs) 100 g/L, 1 ×105 units/L of penicillin and streptomycin, respectively).EPCs were characterized as double positive for DiI-Ac-LDL uptake and lectin binding.Abdominal aorta was obtained from 1 to 2 month old Sprague-Dawley rats.Vascular SMCs were cultured by tissue explant method and identified byα-SM-actin immunofluorescence.In transwell co-culture system, the confluent EPCs located in the upper chamber and SMCs were seeded on the lower cham-ber.The experiments were divided into passage 3 SMCs group (P3), passage 4 SMCs group (P4), passage 4 SMCs co-culture with EPCs derived from young rats group (P4YE) and passage 4 SMCs co-culture with EPCs derived from aged rats group (P4AE).The protein expression ofα-SM-actin and osteopontin was detected by Western blotting.[3H]-TdR incor-poration assay was used to determine the proliferation.SMC migration was analyzed by scratch wound healing assay.RE-SULTS:Compared with P3 group,α-SM-actin expression in P4 group significantly decreased and osteopontin protein ex-pression obviously increased, whereas no significant change was found in P4YE group.Compared with P4 group, confluent EPCs derived from young and aged rats both markedly increased α-SM-actin and decreased osteopontin expression in P4 SMCs.Compared with aged rat-derived EPCs, young rat-derived EPCs were more effectively to induce a delayed SMC phe-notype transition (from contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype), and to inhibit SMC proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION:Co-culture of confluent EPC induces a delayed vascular SMC phenotype transition and inhibits SMCs pro-liferation and migration.Young rat derived EPCs are more effective to induce a delayed vascular SMC phenotype transition and has stronger inhibitory effects on SMCs proliferation and migration compared with that derived from aged rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between pure -tone audiometry (PTA ) ,speech dis‐crimination abilities in quiet or in noise and the international outcome inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA) in pres‐bycusis patients .Methods Twenty presbycusis subjects were tested in this study .Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and speech discrimination threshold were obtained before being fitted with hearing aids .They weared hearig aids more than six months ,and pure-tone audiometry ,speech discrimination scores in quite(the level = 65 dB SPL) and in noise(signal to noise ratio = 10 dB) were carried out in sound field .A stepwise forward multiple-regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of PTA and speech discrimination scores to IOI-HA .Results The PTAs before or after hearing aid fittings showed a negative association with IOI-HA ,while speech discrimination scores in quiet or in noise before or after hearing aid fittings showed a positive association with IOI-HA .Speech discrimination threshold in noise was identified as a single predictor of IOI-HA(P<0 .001) .Conclusion The relation between speech discrimination scores in noise and IOI-HA suggests that a poor score might limit the hearing aids outcome .The speech discrimination scores in noise help the clinicians predict the outcomes of hearing aid in real‐ities .

Objective To investigate the effect of swifch from cyclosporine to FK506 on renal allograft outcome after initial acute rejection. Methods Clinical outcome of patients who experienced first acute rejection episode were retrospectively analyzed. After initial acute rejection, 23 patients were switched to FK506-based immunosuppression, and 63 patients continued CsA-based immunosuppression. Demographic data, lipid, serum creatinine, uric acid, incidence of recurrent acute rejection and graft survival were analyzed and compared. Results During one year after anti-rejection therapy, incidence of biopsy-proved recurrent rejection events was significantly lower with FK506 therapy (1/23, 4.35%) compared with CsA therapy (16/63, 25.40%)(P=0.033). 5-year graft survival rate of FK506-based immunosuppression group was higher than that of CsA-based immunosuppression group (100.0% vs 81.4%). Serum uric acid level of FK506-based immunosuppression group from 24 months to 36 months after initial rejection were significantly lower than that of CsA-based immunosuppression group [(265.5 ±147.9) μmol/L, (245.8±88.9) μmol/L vs (428.5±119.3) μmol/L, (441.2±125.3) μmol/L, P<0.01, respectively]. Conclusion Conversion to FK506 therapy can significantly reduce recurrent rejection episode, and decreasing serum uric acid level provides long-term benefits to graft survival.

Objective To explore the effect of acute humoral rejection on kidney graft survival.Methods 1098 patients received cadaveric renal transplant from January 2002 to December 2008 in our center. All patients were given triple immunosuppressants including tacrolimus or cyclosporine.According to patients who experienced biopsy-proved humoral rejection and cellular rejection within one year post-transplant, there were 53 cases in humoral rejection group, 109 in cellular rejection group (including 63 patients with borderline change), and 936 in normal group. Patients who experienced acute rejection received mythyl-prednisolone pulse, or received anti-CD3 antibody/plasma exchange/globulin. Clinical characteristics before operation including sex, age, HLA mismatch, panel reactive antibody, cold/warm ischemic time, graft loss rate and graft survival were compared among three groups. The effect of completely reversed cellular rejection and humoral rejection on graft survival was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in sex, age and cold ischemic time among three groups, but there was significant difference in warm ischemic time, level of PRA and HLA mismatch between cellular rejection group or humor rejection group and normal group (P＜0. 05). During a follow-up period, the incidence of graft loss in humoral rejection group was 27.4 %, significantly higher than 7.3 % in cellular rejection group and 2.2 % in normal group, P＜0. 001. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the survival rate of grafts in humoral rejection group was significantly lower than in cellular rejection group and normal group (P＜0.001 ). After patients with irreversible rejection were excluded,there was no significant difference in the survival rate of grafts among the three groups.Conclusion Patients with acute humoral rejection survived with inferior graft outcome,but completely reversible rejection showed no effect on the graft survival.