BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles are secreted into the extracellular milieu by a wide range of cell types,including tumor cells,under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions,where a wide range of biological signals and cell-to-cell signaling exists.Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles may exacerbate cancer progression,survival,invasion,and promote angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS:Literature search was performed by the first author in PubMed,WanFang,CNKI and other databases with the keywords"EVs,oral squamous cell carcinoma,diagnosis and treatment,biopsy,tissue engineering"in Chinese and English.Finally,63 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In oral squamous carcinoma saliva biopsies,extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by acting as an information transfer tool between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment,carrying a wide range of biomolecules including soluble proteins,lipids,DNA,and RNA.These tiny vesicles not only play a key role in tumor growth and spread,but also provide important information about the biological properties of the tumor.(2)Saliva biopsy,as a non-invasive diagnostic method,can open up new possibilities for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma by analyzing the extracellular vesicles therein.(3)It has been found that bioactive molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs)and specific proteins,contained within extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers for oral squamous carcinoma and improve the accuracy of early diagnosis.Specific proteins in extracellular vesicles such as EHD2,CAVIN1,PF4V1,and CXCL7 show potential as novel predictive biomarkers.(4)In addition,this paper highlights the potential application of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma.Through engineering modifications,extracellular vesicles can serve as a new generation of nanoscale drug delivery systems to enhance the efficiency and specificity of targeted tumor therapy.(5)Future studies will further explore the effect and mechanism of extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma,which is expected to improve patients'survival and quality of life.

Hypoglycemia can lead to physical and psychological disorders, which are associated with a decrease in quality of life and an increase in mortality risk. Compared to those hospitalized, homebound and community patients have a higher incidence of hypoglycemia and are more vulnerable to the disorders. Hypoglycemia is preventable and treatable, timely intervention can preserve physical well-being of patients and reduce the mortality risk. This article reviews the incidence of hypoglycemia in community diabetic patients, and the knowledge and awareness of patients about hypoglycemia, including the onset inducement, symptoms, hazards, coping and prevention, to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients.

Compared with other drug loading methods,PLGA drug-loaded microspheres have the advantages of sustained and con-trolled release ability,biodegradability,drug release stability,and targeted delivery function,which have become a research hotspot in pharmaceutics.With the improvement of the preparation technology and the quality of microspheres,they have been gradually promoted in clinical practice,and have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of tumors,osteoarthritis,diabetes,eye diseases and so on.However,there is still a lack of systematic review on the application of PLGA microspheres in stomatology.This article aims to intro-duce the clinical application characteristics of PLGA microspheres,and review their application prospect in oral and maxillofacial tumors,temporomandibular joint diseases,periodontitis,caries and alveolar bone defects,so as to provide reference for their applica-tion in stomatology.

Objective:To explore the effects of different feeding patterns on weight gain and feeding intolerance in hospitalized premature infants.Methods:The retrospective cohort study design was adopted. From April 2019 to October 2020, 155 premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of China-Japan Friendship Hospital were selected as the study subject by convenience sampling. Premature infants were divided into a mixed feeding group ( n=47) and a formula milk feeding group ( n=108) based on their feeding patterns. The observation indicators included weight gain, feeding intolerance, infectious diseases, nutrition and other related indicators. Results:The weight change value and the weight change rate during hospitalization in the mixed feeding group were higher than those in the formula milk feeding group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . In terms of the total milk volume on the day of discharge, the mixed feeding group were higher than the formula milk feeding group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . During hospitalization, the number of new infectious diseases in the mixed feeding group was less than that in the formula milk feeding group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of feeding intolerance between the two groups of premature infants ( P>0.05) , The incidence of vomiting in the formula milk feeding group was lower than that in the mixed feeding group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Mixed feeding is more conducive to promoting the weight gain of premature infants during hospitalization and reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases than formula milk feeding. The impact of two feeding patterns on feeding intolerance in hospitalized premature infants needs further comparative analysis.

Tooth transposition is a challenge for orthodontists, especially in correcting the order of teeth. At present, the literature on transposition canines mainly focuses on epidemiological studies and case reports, and no systematic treatment guidance has been formed. In this article, the definition and classification, epidemiology and etiology, imaging diagnosis, treatment and risk control of transposed canines are systematically described in order to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective:To explore the necessity and feasibility of introducing the courses of dental practice management in the undergraduate education of stomatology under the background of the undergraduate entrepreneurship education reform.Methods:In the School of Stomatology of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, the entrepreneurial course dental practice management was set-up for the junior undergraduate students. CBL, PBL, teacher's lecture, student's lecture on the stage and PPT demonstration, role-play, and team cooperation were taken in the course. And the questionnaires were used to investigate the course setting, necessity, teaching forms and satisfaction from multiple groups. SPSS was performed for data analysis, and the teaching effect was evaluated through the data results.Results:The scores of 108 students in the study [(75.99±5.76) points] were roughly distributed as normal functions. The results of the survey showed that the number of students who planned to have their own private clinics after the course increased by 41 (37.96%) compared with that before the course. All instructors and 33 (78.57%) active dentists thought that the course was reasonable in the undergraduate courses.Conclusion:It is necessary and feasible to introduce the dental practice management course in undergraduate education of stomatology, which will have a certain guiding effect on the long-term development of dentists, and is also beneficial to the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship courses in medical universities.

Skin rejuvenation is the research hotspot in the field of plastic surgery. Stem cell therapy based on regenerative medicine has become one of the most potential strategies for the management of skin aging. Although the basic research of stem cell has shown a good therapeutic prospect, its clinical application is still in its infancy at present. There have been a variety of "stem cell" products as a gimmick in the market. It is urgent to propose solutions to various problems of stem cell therapy. In order to promote the safe and effective clinical application of stem cells, this article reviews the history, clinical research progress and future development direction of stem cell therapy for skin aging.

Objective:To present a melanoma research platform, a big data and artificial intelligence tool, to realize the structured storage and accurate management of medical data, and improve the efficiency of clinical research.Methods:The multi-system data of the period from October 2007 to September 2020 was extracted from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The data was standardized, structured, and fully integrated. The big data technology was used to extract and integrate the data from various subsystems in the hospital, and a melanoma big database was established. Through artificial intelligence algorithm the disease characteristics were deeply mined, and the survival analysis was carried out using in-database algorithms.Results:The big data and artificial intelligence research platform for melanoma provides data screening and export, statistical analysis, original record tracing, and automatic selection of analysis algorithm. The melanoma platform achieved the aims of data visualization, trials preview, second response, and artificial intelligence automatic data extraction and storage. It can build a closed-loop research procedure efficiently. After screening, 152 patients with complete information were collected. There were 78 males and 74 females; the median age was 61 years (range, 30-97 years). Foot (133 patients) was the most common site of tumor, while groin (2 patients) and back (2 patients) were the least common site of tumor. The maximum diameter of the tumor ranged from 1 to 80 mm, with an average of 23.55 mm and a median of 20 mm. The most common Clark’s level was Ⅳ (62 patients). Ulceration was found in 17 patients. 10 patients had lymph node metastasis. Lung (5 patients) was the most common distant metastasis organ. More than 80% of patients’ Breslow thickness was less than 1 mm. Survival analysis showed that age ≥ 70 years, Clark’s level ≥ Ⅳ and Breslow thickness ≥ 4 mm were risk factors for poor prognosis ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The big data and artificial intelligence research platform for melanoma realizes the structured storage and accurate management of clinical data regarding melanoma, which provides a promising solution for the efficient use of clinical data.

Skin rejuvenation is the research hotspot in the field of plastic surgery. Stem cell therapy based on regenerative medicine has become one of the most potential strategies for the management of skin aging. Although the basic research of stem cell has shown a good therapeutic prospect, its clinical application is still in its infancy at present. There have been a variety of "stem cell" products as a gimmick in the market. It is urgent to propose solutions to various problems of stem cell therapy. In order to promote the safe and effective clinical application of stem cells, this article reviews the history, clinical research progress and future development direction of stem cell therapy for skin aging.

Objective:To present a melanoma research platform, a big data and artificial intelligence tool, to realize the structured storage and accurate management of medical data, and improve the efficiency of clinical research.Methods:The multi-system data of the period from October 2007 to September 2020 was extracted from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The data was standardized, structured, and fully integrated. The big data technology was used to extract and integrate the data from various subsystems in the hospital, and a melanoma big database was established. Through artificial intelligence algorithm the disease characteristics were deeply mined, and the survival analysis was carried out using in-database algorithms.Results:The big data and artificial intelligence research platform for melanoma provides data screening and export, statistical analysis, original record tracing, and automatic selection of analysis algorithm. The melanoma platform achieved the aims of data visualization, trials preview, second response, and artificial intelligence automatic data extraction and storage. It can build a closed-loop research procedure efficiently. After screening, 152 patients with complete information were collected. There were 78 males and 74 females; the median age was 61 years (range, 30-97 years). Foot (133 patients) was the most common site of tumor, while groin (2 patients) and back (2 patients) were the least common site of tumor. The maximum diameter of the tumor ranged from 1 to 80 mm, with an average of 23.55 mm and a median of 20 mm. The most common Clark’s level was Ⅳ (62 patients). Ulceration was found in 17 patients. 10 patients had lymph node metastasis. Lung (5 patients) was the most common distant metastasis organ. More than 80% of patients’ Breslow thickness was less than 1 mm. Survival analysis showed that age ≥ 70 years, Clark’s level ≥ Ⅳ and Breslow thickness ≥ 4 mm were risk factors for poor prognosis ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The big data and artificial intelligence research platform for melanoma realizes the structured storage and accurate management of clinical data regarding melanoma, which provides a promising solution for the efficient use of clinical data.