Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of minimally-invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy ( MIVAP) for parathyroid adenoma ( PA) . Methods Clinical data of 14 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT) caused by PA between April 2011 and September 2014 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Coexistent thyroid lesions were found in 6 patients.With preoperative definite diagnosis and localization, we performed parathyroidectomy and local excision or lobectomy of the thyroid gland.All the patients were confirmed by intra-operative fast frozen section pathological examination and postoperative pathological immunohistochemistry.Intra-and post-operative parathyroid hormone monitoring was conducted.Hoarseness, choking cough, and active bleeding were observed. Results All the procedures were accomplished successfully, without intra-operative abnormal blood loss or conversion to conventional operation.The operative time was 35-60 min ( mean, 50 min);the intra-operative blood loss was 1.7-32.0 g (mean, 9.75 g).Neither transient nor everlasting injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve or superior laryngeal nerve happened.No hemorrhage was observed.All the patients were followed up for 2-43 months ( mean, 16 months) , during which there was no recurrence. Conclusion MIVAP with thyroidectomy is feasible and safe for PA and coexistent benign thyroid lesions, on the basis of pre-operative adequate diagnosis and proper localization and intra-operative parathyroid hormone monitoring.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of three-dimensional video-assisted thyroidectomy (3D VAT). Methods During January to April of 2014, 10 cases with unilateral or bilateral thyroid benign diseases , thyroid cancer, or parathyroid lesions were enrolled .The 3D VAT was carried out by using a 10-mm 3D stereoscopic endoscope .Local excision or lobectomy was performed via a 2-4 cm curve skin incision one finger above the sternal notch .In two patients , lobotomy combined with systematic lymphadenectomy was performed when papillary thyroid microcarcinoma was identified during operation . Results All the procedures were accomplished successfully under 3D video-assisted system, without intra-operative abnormal blood loss or conversion to conventional thyroidectomy .The operative time was 30-90 min (61.8 ±22.4 min);the intra-operative blood loss was 1.3-93.0 g (median, 5.2 g).All the patients were followed up for 1-4 months.Neither intra-nor post-operative complications about recurrent laryngeal nerve , superior laryngeal nerve , or parathyroid were observed . Conclusions Preliminary impression emerging from this study seems to suggest that 3D VAT is safe and effective.Compared with 2D surgery, a good perception of depth and easy recognition of anatomic structures are noticeable .

Ovbective To evaluate the feasibility of a tissue engineered patch constructed by a new copolymer of p(3HB-co-3HH) and polyurethane(PU) as in partial aortic replacement. Methods The autologous cell-polymer scaffold were used to replace 2.0～ 2.5cm abdominal aortic segments in dogs (group TE,n=6). The patches were seeded with 1?10 7 myofibroblasts each day for 4 days,and then 1?10 7 endothelial cells were seeded onto the scaffold. After 48 hours' incubation,the cell-polymer scaffolds were implanted to replace a segment of canine abdominal. In the control group (n=4),aortic segments were replaced with acellular polymer patches. No anticoagulation agent was used. At 2nd,4th,8th,12th,24th,and 48th weeks after operation,the seeded group animals were killed. The control group animals were killed at 4th,12th,24th,and 48th weeks. Explanted patches were examined histologically with scanning electron microscopy,and biochemically. Results In the group of TE patches,the tissue-engineered patches were covered with endothelium-like tissue macroscopically,and there was no thrombus formation on any of the specimens. Histological staining showed uniform layered tissue with endothelium and laminated fibrous tissue with collagen as predominant extracellular matrix. A confluent smooth surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy. An increase in the content of collagen and elastin was observed,and at 48th weeks after operation and their contents equaled to the level of native aorta. There was no endothelium formation in the acellular control,the collagen and elastin content were also smaller than that of the TE groups. Conclusion The autologous aortic grafts with biological characteristics resembling the native aorta can be created by using TE approach.

BACKGROUND:cellmarker technology has been widely applied in many studies concerning celltransplantation. Chlormethylbenzamido-1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’3’-tetramethylin-docarbocyamine (CM-DIL) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) are commonly used for labeling cells. To our knowledge, there are few reports on comparing the two fluorescent dyes.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of CM-DIL and DAPI on labeling bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS:Isolation and expansion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were performed according to attachment culture. The cells were labeled by CM-DIL and DAPI, respectively. cellviability was assessed via trypan blue exclusion assay. Growth curves of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were depicted using MTS assay. The reduction of fluorescent intensity was observed under an inverted fluorescent contrast phase microscope from passage 1 to passage 3 after labeling. Myocardial infarction was induced by left anterior artery ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats. One week later, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells labeled by CM-DIL or DAPI were injected randomly into the border area of infarct myocardium. After 3 days, transplanted celldistribution was examined under the fluorescent microscope through paraffin sections and frozen sections respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In vitro, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells labeled by both CM-DIL and DAPI showed decreased cellproliferation during the early period;the percentage of fluorescent-positive cells was approximately 100%in the two groups;however, the fluorescent intensity was significantly reduced from passage 1 to passage 3 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells labeled by DAPI. In vivo, the transplanted cells were detected in a concentrated way both on the paraffin sections and frozen ones;the background color of frozen sections was lower in the CM-DIL group than in the DAPI group;false positive results of fluorescent expression could be eliminated in the CM-DIL group by using fluorescent mounting medium with the fluorescence of DNA staining. These data indicates that CM-DIL is more appropriate to in vivo tracing cells than DAPI.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of differentiation between prostate cancer and prostatitis by using metabolic ratios provided by 3D 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI). Methods Metabolic changes were evaluated in 42 voxels with prostate cancer and 30 voxels with prostatitis in the peripheral zone using MRSI. The results were based on the pathologic findings by biopsy. The (choline + creatine)/Citrate (CC/C) ratio and the changes of choline and citrate levels were evaluated in each voxel with cancer or prostatitis, t test was used to determine the power of the CC/C ratio in differentiation between prostate cancer and prostatitis. Results The CC/C ratio for cancer voxels (1.28±0.41) was significantly different from the ratio in the voxles with prostatitis (1.03±0.40), t=6.45, P<0.05, due to greatly increased choline level in the cancer voxels. When CC/C ratio of 0.8 was taken as the criteria for the diagnois of prostate cancer, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 65.5%, 71.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV) were 90.5% and 33.3%, respectively. The CC/C ratio was higher than 0.86 in 66.7% voxels with prostatitis (20 voxels of total 30 voxels), which mostly depended on the level of choline. When citrate level was used as an auxiliary index to evaluate prostatitis (Cit/norm, Cit≥0.75), the misdiagnosis rate of prostate cancer was reduced to 26.6%(8 voxels of total 30 voxels). Conclusions The metabolic ratio of CC/C can be used to differentiate prostate cancer from prostatitis. The misdiagnosis rate is reduced when citrate is not or slightly decreased relative to normal citrate level (Cit/norm, Cit≥0.75).

Objective To develop a new type of lumbar puncture needle to facilitate to measure intracranial pressure,decrease the risks for intracranial infection and brain hernia.Methods The needle was composed of a body,no.1 and no.2 sleeves,a stylet,a needle base,a catheter,joints and etc.The needle had body and stylet made of stainless steel,the catheter manufactured with medical silicone tube,the joints produced by medical rubber and the remained components by medical plastics.Results The developed needle executed pressure measuring,cerebrospinal fluid collection and medication injection with no extracting the stylet.The outflow velocity of cerebrospinal fluid was limited,and the incidences of the complications were decreased including infection,brain hernia and etc.Conclusion The lumbar puncture needle has simple structure,easy operation and high safety,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

BACKGROUND: In vitro construction of tissue engineered cardiac muscle becomes a hot spot in recent years, and the selection and design of scaffold is the key link. However, there is lack of ideal cardiac tissue engineering scaffold material. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the novel biodegradable polyurethane in vitro, and to discuss the feasibility of polyurethane as cardiac tissue engineeru scaffold. METHODS: A new type polyurethane (PV-Lys) was synthesized using diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate as hard segment and lysine as expand chain. The tensile and suture strength were tested in vitro respectively, hydrolytic degradation was carded out in phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.4 at 37 ℃, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT measurement and morphological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tensile strength of the polyurethane was up to (8.1±0.1) MPa, and the suture strength was (12.2+0.8) N. The average value of the mass loss of PV-Lys was (13.1+0.3)% at 8 weeks of in vitro hydrolytic degradation. MTT assay results showed that the cytotoxic grade of the novel PV-Lys was 0-1. Cell morphology observation showed that the L929 cells were spindle-shaped or tdangular with good stretch. This PV-Lys scaffold is with favorable mechanical property, cytocompatibility, biodegradable property, which meets the requirements of tissue engineering application.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores and mortality rate, and to evaluate the practical significance of APACHE II in ICU trauma patients. METHODS: ISS and APACHE II scores and mortality rate of 50 ICU trauma patients were calculated by AIS-1985 revision and Knaus method, then, compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The mortality rate was directly proportional to ISS and APACHE II scores in ICU trauma patients. APACHE II was more accurate and sensitive compared to ISS. CONCLUSIONS: APACHE II is a better predictor for ICU trauma patients. ISS>=25 or APACHE II>=20 may be used as the admitting criteria for ICU trauma patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the common variant rs1512268 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of NKX3.1 gene and the risk of prostate cancer,and to explore its interaction with related risk factors.MethodsTotally 122 patients with prostate cancer and 105 age matched male people (prostatic specific antigen ＜ 4 μg/L,without family history of prostate cancer) as control group were enrolled.Polymerase chain reaction - high resolution melting curve(PCR - HRM) combined with gene sequencing methods were used to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the rs1512268 SNP.ResultsThe distributions of GG,AG,AA genotypes were 42 cases(33.4％),66 cases(54.1％),14 cases(11.5％) in patients with prostate cancer,and 45 cases(42.9％),51 cases(48.6％),9 cases(8.6％) in healthy control,respectively.There were no significant differences in the distribution of genotype(x2 =1.70,0.69,0.52) and allele frequency (x2 =1.575) between the two groups(P＞ 0.05).The different genotypes of rs1512268 of NKX3.1 gene were not associated with age,Gleason score,PSA levels and clinical stage of prostate cancer (P＞0.05). Conclusions rs1512268 SNP of NKX3.1 gene is not obviously associated with prostate cancer and may be not the genetic risk factor in Chinese.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of constructing tissue engineering cardiac patch with photooxidationfixed acellular bovine pericardium.MethodsFresh bovine pericardia were treated by dye-mediated photooxidation after decellularization.Some of them were seeded with bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) isolated from male SD rats to construct cardiac patches.Myocardial infarction(MI) model was made in female SD rats by left anterior descending coronary ligation(LAD).One week later, the confirmed MI rats were divided into three groups randomly, group MI (n = 15)without any treatment; group P (n = 18) with photooxidated pericardia implantation ; group P + C (n = 18) with seeded pericardia implantation.A sham group (n = 10) was also performed with opening and closing chest twice only.The heart were explanted at 2 or 4 weeks after implantation, and examined histologically and immunohistochemically.The heart function was evaluated by echocardiography at 4 weeks before excising the rats.ResultsThere were no cells or cell debris remained in bovine pericardium tissue.The fiber structure became condensed after photooxidation.The seeded cells formed a continuous layer on the surface of the tissue.The pericardial degradation level and newly formed microvessel density were larger in group P + C than in group P after 2 [ (13.7 ±5.2)个/mm2 vs (7.1 ±3.1)个/mm2, P＜0.05]and4 [(22.6 ±4.9)个/mrn2 vs (14.1 ±5.3)个/mm2, P＜0.05]weeks.Four weeks after transplantation, cardiac echocardiography showed left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was lower in group MI (44.8 ± 4.4) ％ and group P (48.4 ± 5.0) ％ compared with group P + C (49.3 ± 4.8) ％, left ventricular fractional shorterning(LVFS) was lower in group MI (18.0 ± 2.2) ％ and group P (19.8 ± 2.5) ％ compared with group P + C (20.4 ±2.5) ％, the difference between P + C and MI was significant.ConclusionTransplantation of the tissue engineered bovine pericardial patches with dye-mediated photooxidation can improve heart function in MI rats.This kind of patches demonstrates a promising prospect in the future.