Objective To investigate effect of tiotropium bromide combined with formoterol on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in peripheral blood in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 80 elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from our hospital were selected and divided into conventional group and experimental group, conventional group on the basis of conventional therapy was treated with salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation with 2 suction per times, 2 -3 times per day for 14d.Experimental group was treated with tiotropium bromide spray combined with formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation with 2 suction per times, 2-3 times per day for 14 d.7 d for a period of treatment, after 2 courses of the treatment, changes of clinical signs, blood gas levels, peripheral blood oxidative stress products and lipid peroxidation and inflammatory factors were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with conventional group,the recovery time were shorter(P<0.05) ,and blood gas levels, peripheral blood oxidative stress products and lipid peroxidation, inflammatory factors were lower(P<0.05). Conclusion Tiotropium bromide combined with formoterol can significantly reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, inhibit inflammation, relieve clinical symptoms.And the drug resistance is low, the side effect is small, the clinical curative effect is ideal, may be the clinical treatment effective plan, and has the vital significance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the time characteristics of brain function induced by acupuncture at acupoint of LI4(Hegu).MethodsThe data of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) induced by acupuncture at acupoint LI4(Hegu) was processed with modified temporal cluster analysis(MTCA) to obtain the time and trend of brain function.ResultsThe stimulation of acupuncture at acupoint LI4 induced the change of brain function,and time curve of brain functional during the acupuncture experiment was obtained.ConclusionThe effect of acupuncture at acupoint LI4(Hegu) on brain function has time characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To explore strategies of prenatal genetic testing for fetuses featuring abnormal skeletal development. METHODS: Clinical data of 17 fetuses with skeletal dysplasia was collected. The results of genetic testing and outcome of pregnancy were analyzed. RESULTS: For 12 fetuses, the femur-to-foot length ratio was less than 0.9. Thirteen fetuses had a positive finding by genetic testing. One fetus was diagnosed with chromosomal aneuploidy, three were diagnosed with microdeletion/microduplications, and nine were diagnosed with hereditary bone diseases due to pathological variants of FGFR3, COL1A2, GPX4 or ALPL genes. CONCLUSION For fetuses with skeletal dysplasia characterized by short femur, in addition to chromosomal karyotyping and microarray analysis, sequencing of FGFR3 and other bone disease-related genes can improve the diagnostic rate.
Bone Diseases, Developmental/genetics* ; Female ; Fetus/diagnostic imaging* ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Objective:To analyze the clinical phynotypes of fetuses with 22q11.2 microduplications.Method:Eleven fetuses were diagnosed with 22q11.2 microduplications among 2 969 cases who underwent prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis from January 2016 to February 2020. The phenotypes, indications for invasive prenatal diagnosis, genetic results, pregnancy outcomes and postnatal clinical presentation were analyzed.Results:There were 6 cases diagnosed with classic 3.0 Mb microduplication (DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes, DGS/VCFS) in the 22q11.2, 1 case with 1.5 Mb proximal microduplication and 4 cases with distal small segment microduplication (E-H). Out of 11 fetuses with 22q11.2 microduplications,7 cases were inherited, 2 cases was de novo and data were not available for 2 cases. Vicular septal defect and anencephalu were diagnosed by ultrasonography in 2 cases,fetal growth restriction was diagnosed in 2 cases,no any abnormalities were found in remaining 7 cases. Seven cases(3 cases of classic 3.0 Mb microduplication, 1 case of proximal microduplication and 3 cases of distal small segment microduplication) were delivered at full-term;and pregnancy was terminated in 4 cases. Seven infants were followed up after birth, 4 infants were normal, 3 showed abnormal phenotypes.Conclusion:The clinical phenotypes after birth of fetuses with 22q11.2 microduplication are diverse. Prenatal genetic counseling is necessary,so that pregnant women and their families can fully understand the possible clinical phenotypes and make informed choices.

Objective:To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based and computed tomography (CT)-based target volume delineation and dose coverage in partial breast irradiation (PBI) for patients with breast cancer, aiming to explore the application value of MRI localization in PBI after breast-conserving surgery.Methods:Twenty-nine patients with early breast cancer underwent simulating CT and MRI scans in a supine position. The cavity visualization score (CVS) of tumor bed (TB) was evaluated. The TB, clinical target volume (CTV), planning target volume (PTV) were delineated on CT and MRI images, and then statistically compared. Conformity indices (CI) between CT- and MRI-defined target volumes were calculated. PBI treatment plan of 40 Gy in 10 fractions was designed based on PTV-CT, and the dose coverage for PTV-MRI was evaluated.Results:The CVS on CT and MRI images was 2.97±1.40 vs. 3.10±1.40( P=0.408). The volumes of TB, CTV, PTV on MRI were significantly larger than those on CT, (24.48±16.60) cm 3vs. (38.00±19.77) cm 3, (126.76±56.81) cm 3vs. (168.42±70.54) cm 3, (216.63±81.99) cm 3vs. (279.24±101.55) cm 3, respectively, whereas the increasing percentage of CTV and PTV were significantly smaller than those of TB. The CI between CT-based and MRI-based TB, CTV, PTV were 0.43±0.13, 0.66±0.11, 0.70±0.09( P<0.001), respectively. The median percentage of PTV-MRI receiving 40 Gy dose was 81.9%(62.3% to 92.4%), significantly lower than 95.6%(95.0%~97.5%) of PTV-CT. Conclusions:The CVS between CT and MRI is not significantly different, but the MRI-based TB, CTV, PTV are significantly larger than CT-based values. The PTV-MRI is of underdose if PBI treatment plan is designed for PTV-CT. As a supplement of CT scan, MRI can enhance the accuracy of TB delineation after breast-onserving surgery.

Objective: To analyze the failure patterns of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and investigate the range of radiotherapy in T_1-2N₁ breast cancer patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy. Methods: From September 1997 to April 2015, 2472 women with T_1-2N₁ breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy without neoadjuvant systemic therapy were treated in our hospital. 1898 patients who did not undergo adjuvant radiotherapy were included in this study. The distribution of accumulated LRR was analyzed. The LR and RR rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the prognostic factors were identified in univariate analyses with Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox logistic regression analysis. Results: With a median follow-up of 71.3 months (range 1.1-194.6), 164 patients had LRR, including supraclavicular/infraclavicular lymph nodes in 106(65%), chest wall in 69(42%), axilla in 39(24%) and internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) in 19 patients (12%). In multivariate analysis, age (>45 years vs.≤45 years), tumor location (other quadrants vs. inner quadrant), T stage (T₁ vs. T₂), the number of positive axillary lymph nodes (1 vs. 2-3), hormone receptor status (positive vs. negative) were significant prognostic factors for both LR and RR. Conclusions In patients with T_1-2N₁ breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy, the most common LRR site is supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodal region, followed by chest wall. The axillary or IMN recurrence is rare. The prognostic factors for LR and RR are similar, which indicates that supraclavicular/infraclavicular and chest wall irradiation should be considered for postmastectomy radiotherapy.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of total aortic arch replacement in elderly patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection(TAAD).Methods:In this retrospective study, a total of 481 TAAD patients treated with total arch replacement in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2020 were divided into three groups: aged≤59 years, 60-69 years and ≥70 years.The differences between three groups in surgical method, extracorporeal circulation time, blocking time, circulatory time, stopping time, surgical time, ventilator use time, ICU time, hospitalization time, treatment rate of continued renal replacement, fatality rate, and cause of death were statistically analyzed and compared.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the stopping time between any two groups of the three groups(all P<0.05). The older the age, the shorter the circulatory arrest time.The difference of ventilator time and ICU time between ≤59 and 60-69 years was statistically significant( P<0.01). Patients with continuous renal replacement(CRRT)were 19.0%(71/373)in ≤59 years, 23.1%(18/78)in 60~69 years, and 26.7%(8/30)over 70 years.In-hospital mortality was 35/373(9.4%)in the group of ≤59 years old, 11/78(14.1%)in the group of 60~69 years old, and 5/30(16.7%)in the group of ≥70 years old.There was no death in patients undergoing type Ⅱ hybrid surgery. Conclusions:Age is one of the important death factors after total aortic arch replacement in TAAD patients.Total aortic arch replacement is an acceptable surgical method for elderly patients with TAAD.Hybridization may reduce hospitalization death in elderly patients.

Objective: To validate whether the prognostic stage groups by the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system provides improved prognostic accuracy in T1-2N1M0 postmastectomy breast cancer patients compared to 7th edition. Methods: a total of 1 823 female patients with T1-2N1M0 breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed and restaged according to 8th edition. Univariate analysis of prognostic factors was evaluated by using log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was estimated by using the Cox proportional hazards model. The prognostic accuracy of the two staging systems was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and the concordance index (C-index). Results: 5-year locoregional recurrence rate (LRR) for the whole group was 6.0%, 5-year distant metastasis (DM) rate was 11.5%, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 85.0%, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 93.1%. Cox analysis showed that 7th edition of the AJCC staging system and progesterone receptor status were independent risk factors for LRR, DM, DFS and OS (P<0.05). Compared with stage by 7th edition, 1 278(70.1%) were assigned to a different prognostic stage group: 1 088 (85.1%) to a lower stage and 190 (14.9%) to a higher stage. LRR, DM, DFS and OS were significantly different between prognostic stage ⅠA, ⅠB, ⅡA, ⅡB and ⅢA according to 8th edition of the AJCC staging system(P<0.001). Prognostic stage had significantly higher C-indexes and provided better estimation of prognosis compared to stage by 7th edition of the AJCC staging system (P<0.001). Conclusion The prognostic stage groups of 8th edition AJCC staging system has superior prognostic accuracy compared to 7th edition in T1-2N1M0 breast cancer, and has better clinical therapeutic guidance value.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of breast cancer patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (ISLNM) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy,surgery combined with radiotherapy at diagnosis.Methods Therapeutic outcomes of 65 breast cancer patients with ISLNM treated in our hospital between 1999 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer.They were complicated with ISLNM,without distant metastasis confirmed by pathological or imaging examinations.All patients received multi-modality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.KaplanMeier method was adopted to calculate the overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and supraclavicular lymph node recurrence (SCFR).The differences between two groups were statistically analyzed by the log-rank test.Results The median follow-up time was 66 months (range:6-137 months).Five patients had SCFR after corresponding treatment.The overall 5-year SCFR,OS and PFS rates were 9.2％,71.5％ and 49.5％,respectively.Following preoperative chemotherapy,the complete response (CR) of supraclavicular lymph node was a prognostic factor affecting OS.The 5-year OS rates in patients with and without CR were 81.4％ and 53.9％ (P=O.035).The size of supraclavicular lymph node (≤ 1 cm vs.＞ 1 cm at diagnosis was a risk factor of the SCFR (0％ vs.21.0％,P=0.037) and OS rates (≤1 cm vs.＞1 cm:86.1％ vs.55.6％,P =0.001).Conclusions Breast cancer patients with ISLM at diagnosis can obtain high OS rate and excellent tumor control after undergoing multi-modality therapy consisting of preoperative chemotherapy,surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

Objective To analyze the changes in treatment patterns,clinical characteristics,treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).Methods Clinical data of 617 female patients admitted to our institution between 2000 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.KaplanMeier survival analysis was adopted to calculate the local control (LC),disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates.Log-rank test was utilized to identify the prognostic factors.Results Along the number of DCIS patients was gradually increased year by year,the proportion of breast conservative surgery was also elevated.However,mastectomy remained the primary surgical method.A total of 374 patients underwent mastectomy,160 cases received breast conservative surgery plus radiotherapy and 83 underwent breast conservative surgery alone.Postoperatively,366 patients (83.6％) with positive hormone receptor received hormone therapy and 45 patients (7.3％) underwent chemotherapy.The median follow-up time was 47 months.The 5-year LC,DFS and OS rates were 98.4％,97.5％ and 98.9％,respectively.Univariate analysis demonstrated that Her-2-positive patients obtained worse OS (P=0.019).Although mastectomy group had more adverse factors compared with breast conservative surgery with or without radiotherapy groups,similar survival results were obtained among three groups.Mastectomy yielded better LC and DFS compared with breast conservative surgery alone.Conclusions DCIS patients obtain favorable clinical prognosis between the breast conservative surgery and mastectomy groups.The LC rate in the mastectomy group is better than that in the breast conservative surgery group.