Objective:To investigate the composition characteristics of urolithiasis patients in Chongqing.Methods:From May 2017 to July 2021, clinical data of 1 972 urinary stone patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University was retrospectively analyzed. Among 1 972 patients, there were 1 323 males and 649 females, the average age was (52.7±13.8) years (aged 14-92 years). In this study, all of the patients were first divided into the central and western areas of Chongqing group ( n=1 532) and southeastern areas of Chongqing group ( n=440) according to regional differences; then according to the difference of economic development level, all patients were divided into the more developed area of Chongqing group ( n=1 491) and the less developed area of Chongqing group ( n=481). To study and analyze the influence of gender, age, region and economic development level on stone composition in patients. The distribution characteristics of urinary calculi constituents in different groups of region, gender and age were analyzed by Chi-square test, and analysis of the proportion of various urinary calculi with age were conducted by Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results:The results of stone composition analysis showed that, among the 1 972 cases, the mixed urinary stones were dominant in the urinary stones [92.9%(1 832/1 972)], in which, the most component was the calcium oxalate monohydrate+ calcium oxalate dehydrate [40.8%(805/1 972)]; among the pure stones, the most component was the calcium oxalate dehydrate [2.5%(50/1 972)]. The proportion of carbonated apatite stones [53.6%(348/649) vs 43.5%(576/1 323), P<0.05], hydroxyapatite stones [25.1%(163/649) vs 17.2%(228/1 323), P<0.05] and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [20.6%(134/649) vs 6.3%(83/1 323), P<0.05] in female patients were significantly higher than those in male patients, but the proportion of calcium oxalate stones [91.4%(1 209/1 323) vs 80.7%(524/649), P<0.05] and uric acid stones [9.4%(125/1 323) vs 1.5%(10/649), P<0.05] in male patients were significantly higher than those in female patients. Compared with patients aged 40-70 years and ≥70 years, the proportion of carbonated apatite stones [39.6%(155/391) vs 48.4%(673/1 391), 50.5%(96/190), P<0.05], magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [6.1% (24/391) vs 12.0% (167/1 391), 13.7% (26/190), P<0.05] and uric acid stones [3.3% (13/391) vs 7.4% (103/1 391), 10.0% (19/190), P<0.05] was significantly lower for patients aged <40 years; but the proportion of calcium oxalate stones in patients aged < 40 years was significantly higher [93.6%(366/391) vs 87.2%(1 213/1 391), 81.0%(154/190), P<0.05]. In this study, there were no significant difference in stone composition between the central and western areas of Chongqing and the southeastern areas of Chongqing, and between the more developed areas of Chongqing and the less developed areas of Chongqing ( P>0.05). Conclusions:There are gender and age differences in the distribution of urinary stone components in Chongqing, but the regional and economic development level differences are not particularly obvious. Carbonated apatite stones, hydroxyapatite stones and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones were more prevalent in females, calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones were more common in males. Calcium oxalate stones were the most common in patients aged< 40 years, carbonate apatite, magnesium ammonium phosphate and uric acid stones were more common in patients aged ≥40 years.