Objective To study the features of pulmonary cryptococcosis and the curative effect of thoracoscopic operation for it. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 11 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis in this hospital between January 1996 and December 2002, consisting of 8 cases of thoracoscopic wedge resection, 2 cases of thoracoscopy-assisted modified posterolateral mini-lobectomy, and 1 case of pulmonary wedge resection. Results Ten patients were preoperatively misdiagnosed. Solitary lesions were found in 8 patients and multiple lesions in both lungs in 3 patients. Complete removal of lesions was achieved in 8 patients and pulmonary biopsy was conducted in 3 patients. Except for 3 cases of wound effusion, there were no other postoperative complications. Follow-up for (38.6?10.8) months (range, 12～72 months) found no pyothorax, bronchopleural fistula, or recurrence of cryptococcosis. Conclusions Pulmonary cryptococcosis usually makes its appearance as a solitary lesion without underlying diseases or symptoms, which is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery can remove the lesion completely, giving a minimal invasion and rapid recovery.

1.5 mm were included for the analysis. The results were compared with catheter coronary artery angiography. Results In all patients, 16-slice CT were performed without complications. 1?267 segments were considered as stenosis by 16-slice CT. With the results of conventional coronary angiography as the golden standard, the sensitivity of 16-slice CT was 75.43% and its specificity was 95.88%. Its positive predicted value was 74.58% while its negative predicted value was 96.01% and its accuracy was 93.05% for stenosis of greater than 50%. Conclusion 16-slice CT provides a good visualization of the coronary tree in most patients, allowing accurate non-invasive detection of significant coronary stenosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)guided by ultrasonography for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.Methods From September 2005 to January 2008,44 patients with calculi within horseshoe kidneys(51 sides)underwent ultrasonography-guided F24-tract PCNL in our hospital.Among the cases,single calculus was found in 24 kidneys,multiple calculi were detected in 18,and staghorn calculi in 9.The stones sized(24.4?5.8)mm in length.Results All the operations were completed in one session,single tract was established in 49 kidneys,while double tracts were used in the other 2;31 of the tracts were made through the upper calyx,20 via the middle calyx,and 2 through the lower calyx.The mean operation time was(48.4?11.9)min.The stone-free rate after one-session operation was 88.2%(45/51),3 cases received a second-session PCNL to remove the residual calculi.After the operation,the hemoglobin decreased by(11.3?3.7)% in the patients,none of them received blood transfusion.Postoperative rate of surgery-related infection was 5.9%(3/51).No pleural or abdominal injury occurred.44 patients were followed up for 11.4 months,during the period one of the 3 patients who received the second-session surgery achieved stone-free.The rate of recurrence at 6 months was 2.0%(1/51),and 6.5% at 1 year(3/46).Conclusions Ultrasonography-guided standard PCNL is effective and safe for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.

Background and purpose:As a minimally invasive procedure, video-assisted thoracospic surgery for definitive resection of lung cancer is the focus of thoracic surgeons controversy.We studied the application of video-assisted thoracospic surgery and conventional thoracotomy for definitive resection of lung cancer from viewpoint of lymphadenectomy. Methods:From January 2001 to December 2005,549 patients with lung cancer underwent video-assisted thoracospic surgery lobectomy or pneumonectomy with systematic thoracic lymphadenectomy. The total number and average of dissected lymph nodes were recorded. Some studies on VAT and conventional lobectomy or pneumonectomy with systematic thoracic lymphadenectomy for lung cancer were compared.Results:In all 549 cases,7360 lymph nodes were dissected. The average of dissected lymph nodes was 13.41. There were no significant difference between video-assisted thoracospic surgery and conventional thoracotomy.Conclusions:Video-assisted thoracospic surgery should fulfill the same quality of lymphadenectomy WT5"and lung cancer radical resection. WT5"HZ

Objective　To modify the Guy's stone score system and evaluate the validation of the modified score system in grading the complexity of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and predicting the stone-free rate after PCNL.　Methods　The modified system comprises 4 grades:grade Ⅰ,solitary stone in mid/lower pole or solitary stone in the pelvis with simple anatomy; grade Ⅱ,solitary stone in upper pole or multiple stones (located in 2 or more 2 calyces) in a patient with simple anatomy or a solitary stone in a patient with abnormal anatomy; grade Ⅲ,multiple stones in patients with abnormal anatomy or stones in a caliceal diverticulum or partial staghorn calculus; grade Ⅳ,staghorn calculus or any stone in a patient with spinal injury or spine malformation ( e.g.spina bifida,scoliosis,lordosis) ; kidney dysplasia ( e.g.duplex kidney,horseshoe kidney).It was validated on a database of 145 PCNL procedures performed by a single surgeon in a stone center.The clinical outcomes were retrospectively assessed with multivariate analysis.Results Of the 145 PCNL patients,according to Guy's stone score system and the modified score system,there were 22 G1 cases (15.2％) and 22 SFR cases (100.0％) ; 27 G2 cases (18.6％) and 25 SFR cases (92.6％); 36 G3 cases (24.8％) and SFR(31,86.1％); 60 G4 cases (41.4％) and 49 SFR cases ( 81.7％ ).Showing that the modified Guy's stone score was more accurate in predicting stone-free rate after PCNL ( P ＜ 0.05 ).　Conclusions　The modified Guy' s stone score system can accurately predict the stone-free rate after PCNL than the old system.

Objective To assess the assistance role of three-dimensional reconstruction of stag-horn calculi by 16-slice spiral CT to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods A total of 87 patients with 104 staghorn stones underwent 24 F-tract PCNL. 16-slice spiral CT scan and three-di-mensional (3D) reconstruction by volume rendering technique were carried out before PCNL for tract placement planning, the necessity for multiple tracts and stone burden. Tract placement, tract num-ber, operation time, bleeding requiring transfusion and volume of stone cleared were recorded. KUB was taken to explore residual calculi after operation and thus stone free rate was noted. Results In-traoperative tract placement was according to preoperative planning with 3D reconstruction of calculi. Forty-three calculi were cleared by multiple accesses, while multiple accesses were supposed necessary for 47 caculi. The stone free rate of one-session operation was 87.5%, and the last stone free rate af-ter second-look procedure was 91.7%. The stone burden of 3D reconstruction of CT (19.35 ±19.24 cm3) was significantly correlated with the mean volume of cleared calculi (16.34±13.79 cm3) in oper-ation (r=0. 993, P=0. 000). Conclusion The 3D reconstruction of spiral CT for staghorn calculi could show the precise construction of calculi, which could help to plan tract placement, evaluate the necessity of multiple tracts and stone burden.

-Objective To evaluate the efficacy and morbidity of standard tract percu taneousnephrolithotomy (PCNL) for patients with open surgery history of kidney and upper ureter. Meth odsEleven patients with open surgery history of kidney and upper ureter underwent standard tract (24 F)PCNL. Five patients had open nephrolithotomy,3 had pyeloplasty,2 had open ureterolithotomy and 1had partial nephrectomy. Five calculi were in left kidney and 6 in right side. Two cases had single cal culus,5 had multiple,and 4 had staghorn calculi. The stone burden was 1.7 47.1 cm3. ResultsAll patients were successfully operated in one session procedure. Nine PCNLs were accomplished bysingle and 2 by double accesses. The mean operating time was 86.2±34.2 min,the mean first access ing time was 14.14±11.0 min. The stone free rate after one session operation was 91% (10/11). Nocomplication occurred. Conclusion Standard tract PCNL for patients with open surgery history ofkidney and upper ureter could be effective and safe.

Objective To investigate the effeets of ulimstatin on expression of intestinal defemin-5 mRNAin the rat model of sepsis.Method The experiment was performed in pharmaco-laboratory of medical college,Sun Yat-Sen University.sixty Sprague-Dawley rals were randomly divided into control,sepsis,pretreated andtreated groups(n=15).Semis was induced in the mts of latter three groups by cecal lifo.and puncture(CLP).The rats of pretreated group received 25 000 U/kg ulinastatin 2 hours before operation and the rats of uli-nastatin treated groups received 50 000 U/kg ulinastatin 2 hours after operation.Some pieces of ileum mucosa weretaken 12 h after CLP.Tge pathological changes were observed and the expression of RD-5 mRNA was detectedwith RT-PCR.All data were managed by SPSS 13.0 software and arIaIyzed by using One-way ANOVA and LSD-ttest.Results The expression of RD-5 mRNA in the rats of sepsis group significantly decreased compared to col-trol(P<0.05).The expression of RD-5 mRNA of pretreated and treated groups sigificantly inereased comparedto sepsis group(P<0.05);pretreated groups had more increased expression of,RD-5 mRNA compared to treatedgroups(P<0.05).Conclusions The expression of intestinal RD-5 mRNA significantly decreases in sepsis,which could be improved by the treatment of ulinadtatin leading to intestinal mucosal protection of the siqnifleant.The pretreatment may be more effective than the theTapeatic treatment in the rat model of sepsis.

Objective To discuss the clinical features and significance of the difference between the preoperative plan and the actual procedure of the treatment of staghorn calculi with standard access PCNL under ultrasound guidance.Methods From Feb 2011 to May 2011,56 patients withsimple staghorn calculi after standard PCNL under ultrasound guidance were enrolled.The same urologist made the operation plan preoperatively and performed the procedure.The difference between the preoperative plan and the actual procedure were analyzed.The factors leading to the difference were evaluated.Results First puncture calyx,the number of access and stage were changed in 9 (16.1％),15 (26.8％),and 10 (17.9％) patients,respectively.The factors leading to the changes include:flexible,compliance,local inflammation of calyx and texture of stone,efficiency of fragmentation.Conclusions The factors which cannot be clearly known preoperatively may change the procedure of PCNL,which is important to know the clinical features and significance of these factors.

Objectives To explore the influence of standardized treatment and technical flow improvement on the diagnosis and treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) after prenatal diagnosis. Methods The clinical data of neonates diagnosed with CDH who were hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit from January 2005 to August 2016 was analyzed retrospectively. Based on the start time of standardized treatment implementation, 93 cases of CDH hospitalized from January 2010 to August 2016 were divided into the intervention group while 15 cases of CDH hospitalized from January 2005 to December 2009 were divided into the control group. The survival rate and complications of clinical outcomes between two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, and CDH position between two groups (P >0.05). The total survival rate was 81.7％ in the intervention group and 53.3％ in the control group, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The difference of mechanical ventilation mode and pneumothorax rate between two groups also had statistical difference (P >0.05). The median operation time in the control group was 4.5 h and the intervention group was 49.5 h. The postoperative survival rate was 61.5％ in the control group and 90.5％ in the intervention group, and the differences between two groups were significant (P >0.05). The first blood gas analysis of deaths cases in both groups showed that there were significant differences in pH and PCO2 values (P >0.05). Conclusions Optimization of the clinical management during perioperative period can improve the survival rate of CDH and reduce complications. However, the dead cases in the intervention group had more severe pulmonary hypoplasia.