1.Conversion from mycophenolic acid to mizoribine in renal transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract symptoms: a prospective observational multi-center study
Bingyi SHI ; Jianxin QIU ; Weiguo SUI ; Jun TIAN ; Youhua ZHU ; Chunbo MO ; Changxi WANG ; Yingzi MING ; Zhishui CHEN ; Yaowen FU ; Zheng CHEN ; Longkai PENG ; Zhilin HU ; Tao LIN ; Xuyong SUN ; Hang LIU ; Ruiming RONG ; Ye TIAN ; Wujun XUE ; Ming ZHAO ; Guiwen FENG ; Ronghua CAO ; Decheng DENG ; Minzhuan LIN ; Xiaodong ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation 2017;38(12):708-713
Objective To evaluate the effect of conversion from mycophenolic acid (MPA) to mizoribine (MZR) in renal transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract (GI) symptoms.Methods A total of 355 renal transplant recipients with GI symptoms caused by MPA administration were enrolled from April 2015 to March 2017 in 25 different renal transplant centers in China.The symptomatic improvement of GI before (baseline) and after conversion to MZR (1,2,4 weeks) was assessed by each item of GI symptoms indication.In addition,the efficacy and safety of the conversion therapy during 12 months were determined.Results Patients showed improvement in GI symptoms including diarrhea,abdominal pain,abdominal distention and stomachache after conversion to MZR 1,2,4 weeks (P<0.05).In patients with different severity of diarrhea,conversion to MZR therapy significantly improved diarrhea (P<0.05).During 12 months,no patient experienced clinical immune rejection.We did not observe any infections,leucopenia and other serious side effects.Conclusion MZR could markedly improve GI symptoms caused by MPA administration in renal transplant recipients.
2.CRISPR/Cas-mediated DNA base editing technology and its application in biomedicine and agriculture.
Chuanzhao YU ; Jianxin MO ; Xin ZHAO ; Guoling LI ; Xianwei ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2021;37(9):3071-3087
In recent years, the genome editing technologies based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) have developed rapidly. The system can use homologous directed recombination (HDR) to achieve precise editing that it medicated, but the efficiency is extremely low, which limits its application in agriculture and biomedical fields. As an emerging genome editing technology, the CRISPR/Cas-mediated DNA base editing technologies can achieve targeted mutations of bases without generating double-strand breaks, and has higher editing efficiency and specificity compared with CRISPR/Cas-mediated HDR editing. At present, cytidine base editors (CBEs) that can mutate C to T, adenine base editors (ABEs) that can mutate A to G, and prime editors (PEs) that enable arbitrary base conversion and precise insertion and deletion of small fragments, have been developed. In addition, glycosylase base editors (GBEs) capable of transitioning from C to G and double base editors capable of editing both A and C simultaneously, have been developed. This review summarizes the development, advances, advantages and limitations of several DNA base editors. The successful applications of DNA base editing technology in biomedicine and agriculture, together with the prospects for further optimization and selection of DNA base editors, are discussed.
Agriculture
;
CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics*
;
DNA/genetics*
;
Gene Editing
;
Technology