The characteristic ultraviolet absorption of ten kinds of free and conjugated bile acids in Minibeck reagent is observed. The monohydroxycholanic acids have absorption maximum at 310 nm, dihydroxycholanic acids a strong maximum at 310 nm and a weaker maximum at 390 nm,but trihydroxycholanic acids a strong maximum at 390 nm and a weaker maximum at 310 nm. The molar absorptivities of free and conjugated bile acids in one type are approximately equal under 310 or 390nm. The absorbance is in linear proportion to concentration of bile acids in Minibeck reagent below 5-10 mM, and it is stable at least for 48 hours under cold and dark storage. A trihydroxycholanic acid solution containing mono-or dihydroxy-cholanic acid maintains their original absorption feature, and has apeak value of additive property.Each component of bile acids could be calculated by the absorbance at 310 and 390 nm.

Human erythrocyte membrane preparation was obtained by washing after hy-potonic hemolysis and repeating ultracentrifugal sedimentation. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase were 6.15 nmol P/min/mg protein.Ouabain used as a specific inhibitor in Na+-K+-ATPase assay could be replaced by omitting Na + and K+ in the original assay medium.The Km of ATP for Na+-K+-ATPase increased with the elevation of tempe-rat ure from 27 C to 37 C and the activation energy of ATP hydrolysis for membrane Na+-K+-ATPase was measured being 1.8?104 cal/mol.Membrane Na+-K+-ATPase activity was not significantly influenced by addition of Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ into assay medium,while Sn2+ had an inhibition effect on concentration of 10-4M. Mn2+ stimulated the membrane total ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities, having an antagonist property to ouabine effect.Hence Mn2+ disturbed Na+-K+-ATPase activity determintion.No effects of some bile acids on membrane Na+-K + -ATPase activities were observed.

Elderly population is a group of people who need more medical care and acquiring immediate medi-cal treatment in time is important for the aged to get a good health status. The article demonstrates the differences of medical accessibility between rural and urban seniors and analyses the influencing factors and changes of the dispari-ties using the 2011 waves of CLHLS data. Results indicate that compared to rural seniors, the aged living in urban area are more likely to achieve immediate treatment when they are seriously ill. The mechanism of the disparities is made by the different socioeconomic development level and social and medical security system. Moreover, the main reasons not to visit doctor when necessary are having no money and inconvenience to travel;the proportion of having no money and far from hospital are significantly larger in rural area than urban.

There are no anatomic or physiologic criteria for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the disease is defined mainly on exclusion of organic lesions. Therefore, quite a few patients with IBS are not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is important to apply RomeⅡCriteria, instead of its limitation, in those who have abdominal pain with relief by defecation, sensation of incomplete evacation after defacation, passage of rectal mucus and abdominal distention, and to employ endoscope and laboratory studies necessary for those with "red flags" to exclude organic diseases. Recent advances in the research of IBS demonstrated that predisposing factors such as intestinal inflammation may contribute to changes in the intestinal mucosal immune system, resulting in hypersensitivity of afferent nerves and abnormal intestinal motility. Severe life events or/and chronic depression are more likely to associate with the patterns of IBS and its severity, and to have relation with post infection IBS. Behind the above mentioned factors there may exist specific genetic abnormality.

Placental tissues have many cell types with stem/progenitor cell potential and immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, placental tissue is readily available and easily procured without invasive procedures, and its use does not elicit ethical debate. Thus, placental tissue has been a key focus in studies of searching a new source of human stem/progenitor cells. Most of the research published in this area focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from various parts of the placenta or epithelial cells isolated from amniotic membrane. Considering the complexity of the placenta, an urgent need exists to define the region of origin and methods of isolation of cells derived from this tissue.

Objective To explore the mechanisms on the damage in fetus liver,kidney and brain with administration of mifepristone and mesoproseol.Methods 17 specimens were obtained from the women who volunteered to terminate their pregnancy during 10～28 weeks.According to the fetus weight,they were divided into 3 groups.Immunohistochemistery was induced to investigate the expressions of pur-?,HSP70.Results The expressions of pur-? and HSP70 could be observed in both the treatment group and the control group.pur-? and HSP70 are the targets in detecting the damage of DNA.But pur-? was more sensitive than HSP70.The damage on group Ⅱ is the strongest.Conclusion Mifepristone can lead to the damage to lover,kidney and brain in mid-pregnancy.Its damage will be reducing as the growing of fetus.

Objective To propose the orientation,goals and some key issues for future research in the field of war wound/trauma through reviewing the updated literature.Methods The latest literature in the field of war wound/trauma were reviewed.Results The notion "medicine always be with soldiers" had been raised by America and the Europe military circles,with special emphasis on emergency techniques and equipments,which were used in the front of battle field.This forwarded the medical aids as quick as possible and the formation of medical rescue system without crack.Meanwhile,much attention had been paid to the pathogenesis and prevention of post-traumatic complications,wounding characteristics and mechanisms of high-tech new weapons,as well as repair and regeneration of injured tissues.In China,a great advances had been made in the filed of emergency rescue,shock resuscitation,complication treatment and wound repair.Conclusions During the coming "twelfth five-year program",the research standpoint is to meet the needs of Chinese troops to perform better in modern wars and non-military actions,and the aim is to significantly reduce the rate of mortality and disability of trauma as well as to improve the whole army's health.To fulfill this aim,a lot of work should be done to enhance the trauma emergency ability at the battle front,the organization and remedy ability at conditions of combined operations of armed forces,and the translational medical research for rescue of trauma,so as to unceasingly increase the medical service ability of our army to cope with secure threaten and to accomplish multiple military missions.

Objective To evaluate the family and individual quality of life for the prelingually deaf adolescents with cochlear implants and compare the influence of preoperative communication mode.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 21 prelingually profoundly deaf adolescents divided into the nonverbal group and oral group according to preoperative communication modes.The scores of the children using hearing implants quality of life (CuHI Qol) and nijmegen cochlear implant questionnaire (NCIQ) were collected and compared statistically between the two groups.Results The postoperative scores of CuHI Qol (51.71±8.9) in 21 patients were significantly higher than those before operation (42.14±6.04,P<0.001), and no significant differences were observed in the family influence between the two groups while the scores of oral group were significantly higher than the nonverbal group in parents' expectation and quality of life(P<0.05).The NCIQ scores of the oral group were significantly higher than nonverbal group(P<0.05) in the following subdomains : advanced sound perception, speech production, social interactions and there was no statistical difference in basic sound perception, self-esteem and activities.Conclusion The quality of life of prelingually deafened adolescents with cochlear implants can be improved obviously and patients with oral communication mode before operation have better quality of life.

Objective　To investigate whether matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was synthesized in pregnant cervix during parturition and its source and distribution. Methods　Cervical species (n=10, each weighing about 0.3 g) were taken from pregnant women immediately after delivery. Other cervical species (n=7) were served as negative control from those non-pregnant women but undergoing uterotomy due to other benign diseases. Immunohistochemical method (ABC) was carried out to detect the expression of MMP-9, with a monoclonal antibody against MMP-9. Results　Positive staining of MMP-9 was found in the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that had infiltrated into cervix or located in blood vessels of cervix. Scattered light positive staining were found in some interstitial cells of the cervix. No other cells including fibrocytes and lymphocytes were positive to MMP-9. No positive staining was found in control tissues. Conclusion　There are strong expressions of MMP-9 in pregnant cervix in term labor, derived mainly from infiltrated PMN. MMP-9 may be an important regulator in the process of cervical ripening.

This paper underlines the composition of OS(Quorum Sensing) systems in Pesudomonas aeruginosa,the resistance mechanism of Pesudomonas aeruginosa and the relevance between QS systems and the resistance mechanism.What's more,it introduces several pathways of the interfering of QS systems to weaken the resistance.These will show a new prospect to the control of bacterial infection.