Human erythrocyte membrane preparation was obtained by washing after hy-potonic hemolysis and repeating ultracentrifugal sedimentation. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase were 6.15 nmol P/min/mg protein.Ouabain used as a specific inhibitor in Na+-K+-ATPase assay could be replaced by omitting Na + and K+ in the original assay medium.The Km of ATP for Na+-K+-ATPase increased with the elevation of tempe-rat ure from 27 C to 37 C and the activation energy of ATP hydrolysis for membrane Na+-K+-ATPase was measured being 1.8?104 cal/mol.Membrane Na+-K+-ATPase activity was not significantly influenced by addition of Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ into assay medium,while Sn2+ had an inhibition effect on concentration of 10-4M. Mn2+ stimulated the membrane total ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities, having an antagonist property to ouabine effect.Hence Mn2+ disturbed Na+-K+-ATPase activity determintion.No effects of some bile acids on membrane Na+-K + -ATPase activities were observed.

The characteristic ultraviolet absorption of ten kinds of free and conjugated bile acids in Minibeck reagent is observed. The monohydroxycholanic acids have absorption maximum at 310 nm, dihydroxycholanic acids a strong maximum at 310 nm and a weaker maximum at 390 nm,but trihydroxycholanic acids a strong maximum at 390 nm and a weaker maximum at 310 nm. The molar absorptivities of free and conjugated bile acids in one type are approximately equal under 310 or 390nm. The absorbance is in linear proportion to concentration of bile acids in Minibeck reagent below 5-10 mM, and it is stable at least for 48 hours under cold and dark storage. A trihydroxycholanic acid solution containing mono-or dihydroxy-cholanic acid maintains their original absorption feature, and has apeak value of additive property.Each component of bile acids could be calculated by the absorbance at 310 and 390 nm.

Objective To explore the mechanisms on the damage in fetus liver,kidney and brain with administration of mifepristone and mesoproseol.Methods 17 specimens were obtained from the women who volunteered to terminate their pregnancy during 10～28 weeks.According to the fetus weight,they were divided into 3 groups.Immunohistochemistery was induced to investigate the expressions of pur-?,HSP70.Results The expressions of pur-? and HSP70 could be observed in both the treatment group and the control group.pur-? and HSP70 are the targets in detecting the damage of DNA.But pur-? was more sensitive than HSP70.The damage on group Ⅱ is the strongest.Conclusion Mifepristone can lead to the damage to lover,kidney and brain in mid-pregnancy.Its damage will be reducing as the growing of fetus.

Placental tissues have many cell types with stem/progenitor cell potential and immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, placental tissue is readily available and easily procured without invasive procedures, and its use does not elicit ethical debate. Thus, placental tissue has been a key focus in studies of searching a new source of human stem/progenitor cells. Most of the research published in this area focuses on mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from various parts of the placenta or epithelial cells isolated from amniotic membrane. Considering the complexity of the placenta, an urgent need exists to define the region of origin and methods of isolation of cells derived from this tissue.

Objective To evaluate the family and individual quality of life for the prelingually deaf adolescents with cochlear implants and compare the influence of preoperative communication mode.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 21 prelingually profoundly deaf adolescents divided into the nonverbal group and oral group according to preoperative communication modes.The scores of the children using hearing implants quality of life (CuHI Qol) and nijmegen cochlear implant questionnaire (NCIQ) were collected and compared statistically between the two groups.Results The postoperative scores of CuHI Qol (51.71±8.9) in 21 patients were significantly higher than those before operation (42.14±6.04,P<0.001), and no significant differences were observed in the family influence between the two groups while the scores of oral group were significantly higher than the nonverbal group in parents' expectation and quality of life(P<0.05).The NCIQ scores of the oral group were significantly higher than nonverbal group(P<0.05) in the following subdomains : advanced sound perception, speech production, social interactions and there was no statistical difference in basic sound perception, self-esteem and activities.Conclusion The quality of life of prelingually deafened adolescents with cochlear implants can be improved obviously and patients with oral communication mode before operation have better quality of life.

Objective To propose the orientation,goals and some key issues for future research in the field of war wound/trauma through reviewing the updated literature.Methods The latest literature in the field of war wound/trauma were reviewed.Results The notion "medicine always be with soldiers" had been raised by America and the Europe military circles,with special emphasis on emergency techniques and equipments,which were used in the front of battle field.This forwarded the medical aids as quick as possible and the formation of medical rescue system without crack.Meanwhile,much attention had been paid to the pathogenesis and prevention of post-traumatic complications,wounding characteristics and mechanisms of high-tech new weapons,as well as repair and regeneration of injured tissues.In China,a great advances had been made in the filed of emergency rescue,shock resuscitation,complication treatment and wound repair.Conclusions During the coming "twelfth five-year program",the research standpoint is to meet the needs of Chinese troops to perform better in modern wars and non-military actions,and the aim is to significantly reduce the rate of mortality and disability of trauma as well as to improve the whole army's health.To fulfill this aim,a lot of work should be done to enhance the trauma emergency ability at the battle front,the organization and remedy ability at conditions of combined operations of armed forces,and the translational medical research for rescue of trauma,so as to unceasingly increase the medical service ability of our army to cope with secure threaten and to accomplish multiple military missions.

Elderly population is a group of people who need more medical care and acquiring immediate medi-cal treatment in time is important for the aged to get a good health status. The article demonstrates the differences of medical accessibility between rural and urban seniors and analyses the influencing factors and changes of the dispari-ties using the 2011 waves of CLHLS data. Results indicate that compared to rural seniors, the aged living in urban area are more likely to achieve immediate treatment when they are seriously ill. The mechanism of the disparities is made by the different socioeconomic development level and social and medical security system. Moreover, the main reasons not to visit doctor when necessary are having no money and inconvenience to travel;the proportion of having no money and far from hospital are significantly larger in rural area than urban.

There are no anatomic or physiologic criteria for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the disease is defined mainly on exclusion of organic lesions. Therefore, quite a few patients with IBS are not promptly diagnosed and treated. It is important to apply RomeⅡCriteria, instead of its limitation, in those who have abdominal pain with relief by defecation, sensation of incomplete evacation after defacation, passage of rectal mucus and abdominal distention, and to employ endoscope and laboratory studies necessary for those with "red flags" to exclude organic diseases. Recent advances in the research of IBS demonstrated that predisposing factors such as intestinal inflammation may contribute to changes in the intestinal mucosal immune system, resulting in hypersensitivity of afferent nerves and abnormal intestinal motility. Severe life events or/and chronic depression are more likely to associate with the patterns of IBS and its severity, and to have relation with post infection IBS. Behind the above mentioned factors there may exist specific genetic abnormality.

AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of L-arginine(L-Arg) on lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Models of ALI were established by injection (iv) with LPS 5 mg·kg~(-1) in male SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: ① saline group; ② LPS group; ③ L-Arg group. The rats in each group were further divided into 2 subgroups according to L-Arg- supplemented time: 1 h+3 h group and 6 h+3 h group. L-Arg 500 mg·kg~(-1) or saline (saline and LPS groups) was administrated at 1 or 6 h after LPS injection, respectively. The treatment lasted for 3 h, and the rats were sacrificed at 4 or 9 h after LPS injection. Apoptotic rate, caspase 3, and Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively; meanwhile, the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by electron microscope. RESULTS Compared with saline group, apoptosis of pulmonary cells and caspase 3 expression were significantly increased, Bcl-2 was decreased, while Bax was elevated in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in LPS group. Compared with LPS 1 h+3 h group, L-Arg 1 h+3 h decreased apoptotic pulmonary cells〔(23.8±2.8)% vs (15.4±2.3)%〕; moreover, expressions of caspase 3 (0.80±0.06 vs 0.67±0.10) and Bax (0.115±0.012 vs 0.091±0.014) were significantly decreased, while expression of Bcl-2 (0.067±0.011 vs 0.075±0.009) and Bcl-2/Bax ratio (0.586±0.114 vs 0.833±0.142) in alveolar and airway epithelial cells were markedly increased, and lung damage was alleviated. L-Arg 6 h+3 h also reduced apoptotic pulmonary cells and caspase 3 expression compared with LPS group, but the lung injury relieved slightly. CONCLUSION Relatively early administration of L-Arg can protect lungs from LPS-induced injury through inhibiting cell apoptosis, as well as increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression of proapoptotic protein Bax and caspase 3.

Aim To investigate the effect and the possible mechanism of aminoguanidine(AG)on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,LPS group and AG group.AG was administered in AG group,saline was administered in control group and LPS group.All the groups were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the duration of ALI:3 h+3 h group and 6 h+3 h group.In AG group and LPS group,LPS was administered.Saline was administered in control group.The translocation of NF-?B and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)were respectively detected with immunohistochemisty(IHC);the concentrations of TNF-? and IL-6 in lung tissue were evaluated by radioimmunoassay;the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by light and electron microscope.Results Compared with those of the control group,NF-?B was significantly translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus,the expression of NF-?B and ICAM-1 protein were significantly increased.The concentrations of TNF-? and IL-6 in lung tissue were significantly increased in LPS group.Degree of ALI was gradually worsened after administration of LPS.In AG(3 h+3 h)group,the expression of NF-?B and ICAM-1 protein were significantly decreased,the concentrations of TNF-? and IL-6 in lung tissue were significantly decreased and the lung damage was improved compared with those of the LPS(3 h+3 h)group.Conclusions Administration of AG could ameliorate LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats.The possible mechanism was that AG could reduce the expression of iNOS mRNA,inhibited NF-?B activation and subsequently led to the down-regulation of NF-?B-dependent inflammatory gene expression and thus reduced the inflammatory response in lung injury.