BACKGROUND: In according to ISO-10993-4 and GB/T 16886.4, the in vitro hemo-compatibility evaluation on biomaterieisincludes thrombosis, coagulation factors, platelets and platelet functions, hematology and complement system. However, in thecase of China, the in vitro hemo-compatibility evaluations were performed only thrombosis, coagulation factors and plateletattachment, the investigation on evaluation of platelet and complement activations is less reported.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polymethylvinylsiloxane tubes on platelet activation,and establish a useful method to evaluate the effect of tubular materials on platelet activation.METHODS: Tubes of polyethylene, poiyvinyl chlorid and silastic were established by 3.7 mm inner diameter, 3.5 mm externaldiameter, and 35 cm length, respectively. 1 mL blood was injected into the tube of polyethylene, polyvinyl chlorid and silasUc,respectively. The tubes were connected using a two-way tube, shaken at 140 r/min by 30° sloping for 3.5 hours at 37 ℃.Radiolmmunoassay was employed to detect α-granules protein level of platelet poor plasma, while flow cytometry was used todetect the percentage of positive plateiet of o-granules protein and that of activated gp Ⅱb/Ⅲa composite.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radiolmmunoassay showed that o-granules protein level of plateiet poor plasma in thepolyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid tubes was significantly greater than that in the silastic tube (P < 0.05). There were no significantdifferences in o-granules protein between polyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid (P > 0.05). Flow cytometry indicated that percentageof positive platelet of o-granules protein in the polyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid tubes was significantly greater than that in thesilastic tube (P < 0.05); the percentage in the polyethylene tube was significantly greater than that in the polyvinyl chlorid tube (P <0.05). There was no significant differences in the percentage of positive plateiet of activated gp IIb/IIIa composite between thethree materials (P > 0.05). A useful blood-material contact model was established, and it was considered that o-granules protein isan available parameter for evaluating platelet activation. The percentage of positive platelet of o-granules protein determined byflow cytometry was a more sensitive parameter for evaluating platelet activation.

BACKGROUND: As a medical device that is in contact with circulating blood in a large area for a long time, blood compatibility testing of the blood perfusion device is very important. OBJECTIVE: To test the blood compatibility of the test blood perfusion device. METHODS: The resin microparticles in the test blood perfusion device and the marketed blood perfusion device (as a control) were mixed with human anticoagulated blood respectively, and placed on a 37 °C rotating incubator for hematology, platelet, coagulation and complement detection in vitro. The two kinds of resin microparticles were respectively contacted with rabbit semi-anticoagulated blood, and the degree of thrombosis was compared by detecting the remaining fibrinogen content in the plasma. The two resin microparticles were placed in physiological saline, and then diluted anticoagulated rabbit blood was added for hemolysis experiment. The animal experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The activated partial thromboplastin time and platelet concentration of the test blood perfusion device resin particle group were greater than those of the control perfusion device resin particle group (P < 0.01), and the total complement activity was lower than that of the control perfusion device resin particle group (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in prothrombin time, fibrinogen, the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) In the thrombosis test, there was no statistical difference in the concentration of fibrinogen between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) The hemolysis rate of the resin microparticles in the test blood perfusion device was 0.2%. (4) The results showed that compared with the resin microparticles in the control perfusion device, the resin microparticles in the test blood perfusion device activated the complement and the coagulation system more severely (relative percentage to the control between 85%-115%), but the effect on the number of platelets is relatively small; the hemolysis rate of the resin particles in the test blood perfusion device is low; and its blood compatibility is acceptable.

Objective To assess the anesthesia efficacy of remifentanil-propofol or remifentanil-desflurance in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱpatients. undergoing VATS were randomly divided into remifentanil-propofol group(group P,n=20)and remifentanil-desflurance group (group D,n=20).MAP and HR were monitered during the entire procedures. Conscious recovery, spontaneous breathing recovery, the endotracheal extubation time and OAAS score were recorded and compared between two groups. Results During the operation, MAP was decreased significantly in group D (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in conscious recovery, spontaneous breathing recovery, the endotracheal extubation time and OAAS score between two groups. Conclusions The anesthesia efficacy of remifentanil-propofol or remifentanil-desflurance in patients undergoing VATS were both with quick recovery, but the fronter has more stable hemodynamics.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zishen Tongyang Huoxue Formula combined with western medicine in treating angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Ninety patients were randomly divided into control group, TCM group and combining group, each group of 30 cases. The control group was given western medicine standardized treatment;the TCM group was treated with Zishen Tongyang Huoxue Formula only;the combining group took Zishen Tongyang Huoxue Formula and western medicine standardized treatment. The treatment course for the three groups lasted for four weeks. The clinical presentations, angina pectoris, ECG and serum biomarkers of patients in the three groups were assessed and evaluated before and after treatment.Results The clinical symptoms of TCM were significantly improved;the duration of angina was shortened;the dosage of nitroglycerin reduced after the treatment (P<0.05). The effects in the combining group was more evident compared with the other two groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the other two groups (P>0.05). The total TCM effective rates of three groups were 83.33% (25/30), 83.33% (25/30) and 96.67% (29/30), respectively, among which the combining group was more significant (P<0.05). The total ECG effective rates of three groups were 70.00% (21/30), 76.67% (23/30) and 76.67% (23/30), respectively. Hs-CRP, IL-6 and HCY in the three groups decreased after the treatment (P<0.05). The combining group was more significant than the other two groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the other two groups (P>0.05). Blood routine test and hepatorenal function of the three groups were all in normal range before and after treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion Using Zishen Tongyang Huoxue Formula combined with western medicinein to treat angina pectoris is effective, safe, and reliable.

Objective To investigate the changes of erythrocyte parameters and the value of differential diagnosis in pregnant women with β-mediterranean anemia.Methods A total of 300 pregnancy women from July 2014 to December 2015 in Center Hospital of Longgang were recruited in this study,100 pregnant women with β-mediterranean anemia in β-mediterranean anemia pregnancy group,100 healthy pregnant women in normal pregnancy group,100 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in iron deficiency anemia pregnancy group.Mean red cell volume(MCV),mean erythrocyte hemoglobin(MCH),reticulocyte percentage(Ret%) were detected and compared in the three groups.Results Compared with the normal pregnancy group and iron deficiency anemia pregnancy group,the MCV,MCH significantly reduced,and Ret% significantly rised in the β-mediterranean anemia pregnant group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).The best cut-off value of Ret% was 1.7% in differential diagnosis of β-mediterranean anemia pregnancy and iron deficiency anemia pregnancy,the sensitivity was 63.00%,the specificity was 74.00%,the area under of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.841.The sensitivity of joint detection including MCV,MCH and Ret% in differential diagnosis of β-mediterranean anemia pregnancy and iron deficiency anemia pregnancy was 84.00%,the specificity was 90.00%.Conclusion MCV,MCH and Ret% in pregnancy women with β-mediterranean anemia changes significant compared with normal pregnancy group and iron deficiency anemia pregnancy group,the joint detection including MCV,MCH and Ret% could significantly improve the differential diagnosis of β-mediterranean anemia and iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy women.

Objective To enhance the protective immunity effects against Schistosoma japonicum infection by priming with cocktail DNA vaccines and boosting with cocktail protein vaccines in infected BALB/c mice.Methods Plasmids and proteins for immunization were prepared and diluted in no bacterial saline solution to final concentration of 1.5 mg/ml,and mixed with pcDNA3.1-SjC23,pcDNA3.1-SjCTPI,pcDNA3.1-(CDR3)6 plasmid DNAs by equal volume to form the cocktail DNA vaccine,and also mixed with recombinant proteins SjC23-HD,SjCTPI,and NP30 by equal volume to form the cocktail protein vaccine.Seventy female BALB/c mice of 4-5 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups(A,B,C,D,E).In Group A(control group),each mouse was immunized with 100 ?l saline solution by intramuscular(i.m.);in Group B(pcDNA3.1 control group),each mouse was immunized(i.m.)with 100 ?l pcDNA3.1 for three times at week 0,3,6;in Group C(pcDNA3.1 and cocktail protein group),each mouse was immunized(i.m.)with 100 ?l pcDNA3.1 for three times at week 0,3,6 and immunized with 100 ?l mixed protein vaccines plus 100 ?l FCA by subcutaneous at week 9;in Group D(cocktail DNA vaccines group),each mouse was immunized(i.m.)with 100 ?l mixed DNA vaccines for three times at week 0,3,6;in Group E(cocktail DNA vaccines plus cocktail proteins),each mouse was immunized(i.m.)with 100 ?l mixed DNA vaccines for three times at week 0,3,6 and immunized with 100 ?l mixed protein vaccines plus 100 ?l FCA by subcutaneous at week 9.Four weeks after the last DNA immunization or two weeks after protein boosting,all the mice were challenged with(40?1)cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum by abdominal skin penetration at the same time.Forty-two days post-challenge,the mice were sacrificed and perfused,and the numbers of recovered worms and eggs in liver were counted.The blood was collected from the tail veins of all the mice two days before the first immunization and challenge,respectively,the serum was prepared for detection of IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a.Two days before the challenge,the spleen cells of two mice from each group were cultured and stimulated with ConA and soluble egg antigen(SEA),and the supernatant was collected for detection of IL-2,IL-4 and IFN-?.Results The worm reduction rates in Group C,D and E were 17.70%,32.88% and 45.35%,respectively,compared with the control group.The worm reduction rates in Group D and E were significantly higher than that in Group C(P

AIM: To explore the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), the specific inhibitor of NF-?B, on anti-thymocyte serum nephritis (ATSN) in rats. METHODS: The rat model of ATSN was reproduced with rabbit anti-thymocyte serum (ATS). The rats were divided into ATSN group, ATSN+PDTC group and control group. The expression of NF-?B p65 and the apoptosis, lysis as well as proliferation of mesangial cells (MC) were examined by immunohistochemical staining, Tdt-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), light microscope and electron microscope at 40 minutes, 24 hours and 7 days after injection of ATS or normal serum. RESULTS: The expression of glomerular NF-?B p65 in the ATSN group was observed with significant difference compared to controls at 40 min (P

In-vitro test is usually conducted as a preliminary screening test in the evaluation of the haemocompatibility of biomaterials for its short-term consuming, convenience and less expense. The selection of appropriate model for blood-biomaterial interaction, the choice of sensitive and specific parameters, and the minimization of additional blood activation are most important in the in-vitro test. In addition, the time and the style of blood-biomaterial interaction, the choice of sensitive and specific parameters, and the minimization of additional blood activation are most important in the in-vitro test. In addition, the time and the style of blood-biomaterial interaction, the selection of primary reference materials and the shear rate should be considered. In recent years, though great progress has been made in the in-vitro evaluation of haemocompatibility of biomaterials, all these influencing factor should be standardized for more effective evaluation of the haemocompatibility of biomaterials.
Biocompatible Materials ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; standards

Hemocompatibility is an important component of biocompatibility; it reflects the degree of interaction between material and blood. Hemocompatibility is multifaceted, so that the material's impact on the blood and the underlying mechanism are very complicated. This article presents a review of researches probing the impact of material on blood via contact activation and plasma protein adsorption; via the platelet activated and the formation of thrombin; via the complement system activated and the activation of leukocytes as well as other mechanisms of hemolysis. The current methods for evaluation and the future trend of development are also introduced.
Biocompatible Materials ; standards ; Blood ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; methods ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Stress, Mechanical ; Surface Properties ; Thrombin ; analysis

Objective To assess the variations in different thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) detection kits for evaluating thyroid function during pregnancy and to establish the corresponding normal reference ranges.Methods This study was based at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.A total of 200 pregnant women who visited the hospital between June,2011 and September,2012 were recruited in this study according to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria.Blood samples were sequentially collected from the women at the first (T1,9-12 weeks),second (T2,16-24 weeks) and third (T3,32-36 weeks) trimesters to determine the serum TSH and FT4 levels using four different detection kits (Siemens-C,Siemens-Ⅰ,Abott and Roche).A linear trend test was used to analyze serum TSH and FT4 levels with four different kits.A percentile range of P2.5 to P97.5 was used to establish the normal trimester-dependent reference ranges of TSH and FT4 levels for different detection kits.The Bootstrap method was used to compare the differences in the four reference ranges.Results Similar dynamic changes in TSH and FT4 levels during pregnancy were detected among the different kits (F=0.950,P=0.595; F=11.640,P=0.081,respectively).Among the four reference ranges of TSH,the Roche kit showed the most remarkable fluctuation during pregnancy,while Roche kit in the first trimester and Siemens C kit in the second and third trimesters showed larger fluctuations in reference ranges of FT4.More importantly,the reference ranges of TSH and FT4 showed significant variations among the four different kits in each trimester (TSH:T1:F=2 945.390,P ＜ 0.01; T2:F=2 826.260,P ＜ 0.01; T3:F=1 698.360,P ＜ 0.01.FT4:Tl:F=1 145.440,P ＜ 0.01; T2:F=2 260.240,P ＜ 0.01; T3:F=1 439.920,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions TSH and FT4 measurement using four different commercial kits showed similar trimester-dependent dynamic changes.However,it is necessary to establish trimester-dependent and detection kit dependent normal reference ranges of TSH and FT4 for thyroid function evaluation for pregnant women.