Objective To present 3 cases of MFH of the urinary system. Methods Two cases of renal MFH and one case of bladder MFH were retrospectively analysed. Results The diagnosis was established on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Two patients died 4～7 months affer operation , while the other patient has been well for 30 months. Conclusions It is difficult to differentiate it from primary renal and bladder neoplasm.Immunohistochemistry is helpful to distinguish it from carcinoma,renal sarcoma and renal parental cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL2RA-RBM17 region and vitiligo in the Chinese Mongolian population.Methods Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected from 425 patients with vitiligo (patient group) and 503 healthy human controls (control group) of Mongolian nationality after informed consent,and genomic DNA was extracted with the AxyPrep DNA extraction kit (AP-MX-BL-GDNA-25).Nine SNPs were selected across the IL2RA-RBM17 region,including rs706779,rs3134883,rs7090530,rs12251307,rs4750005,rs3920615,rs4747887,rs4750012 and rs7099083.Ligase detection reaction (LDR) was performed for SNP genotyping.With the PLINK 1.07 and SPSS 11.0 packages,statistical analysis was carried out by the chi-square test for comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.Linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed for 5 SNPs by calculating the r2 and D' values.Haplotype analysis of 5 related SNPs was conducted to investigate differences in haplotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.Results There were significant differences in allele frequencies of 5 SNPs,including rs4750005,rs3920615,rs4747887,rs4750012 and rs7099083,between the patient group and control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Under a dominant mode of inheritance,a significant decrease was observed in the frequencies of GG/GC genotypes of rs3920615,CT/CC genotypes of rs4747887,CT/CC genotypes of rs4750005,TC/TT genotypes of rs4750012 and AG/AA genotypes of rs7099083 in the patient group compared with the control group (all P ＜ 0.005 6).Moderate to strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the 5 SNPs (D' =0.424-1,r2=0.137-0.985).Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of a haplotype (H2:CGCTA) was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group,and the difference reached statistical significance after Bonferroni adjustment (P=0.001 6,OR =0.674).Conclusion SNPs in the IL2RA-RBM17 region are associated with vitiligo in the Chinese Mongolian population.

Objective To study the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF)in survival of super-length random flap.Methods The experiment employed the animal model of random flap in Wistar's rat back,applied 66.7 μg NGF locally in trial group's flap at the first day after operation with auto-control.The survival proportion,skin temperature and survival rate of random flap were observed,and the blood flow,the blood flow velocity,the blood flow volume change of random flap were measured by the laser and photic-conduct fiber means in differ time.Results The survival proportion(7.12±1.54)cm2 and survival rate(92±5)%of random flap of trial group was obviously higher(P＜0.05)than those in control group[(5.23±0.19)cm2,(69±5)%]after pedicle division.The blood flow,the blood flow velocity,the blood flow volume and skin temperature in the midge and at the end of random flap in the trial group were obviously higher than those in control group 1 day after operation(P＜0.05),and the blood flow velocity in the pedicle of random flap in the trial group was increased markedly(P＜0.05).The blood flow volume and skin temperature in the pedicle of random flap in the trial group were higher than those in control group 3 days after operation(P＜0.05).The survival of randomflapinthetrial groupwere very significantly increased than those in control group 7 days after operation(P＜0.01).Conclusion NGF can increase flap's blood flow,blood flow velocity and blood flow volume,enhancing survival of the big-proportioned and super-length random flap.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of HLA-Cw and -DRB1 alleles with psoriasis vulgaris,and to provide a clue to the study into the etiology of psoriasis.MethodsVenous blood samples were obtained from 81 patients with psoriasis vulgaris collected during 2006-2011 at the Department of Dermatology,First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College,as well as 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.Both the patients and controls are unrelated Mongolia in Inner Mongolia.PCR with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP) technique was used to genotype the HLA-Cw and DRB1 loci.ResultsThe patients with psoriasis vulgaris showed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-Cw*06(0.438 vs.0.175,Pc ＜ 0.01) and DRB1*07(0.241 vs.0.110,Pc ＜ 0.012),but a lower frequency of HLA-Cw*04(0.031 vs.0.150,Pc ＜ 0.01 ) and DRB1*04 (0.093 vs.0.235,Pc ＜ 0.01 ) than the healthy controls did.Increased frequencies of HLA-Cw*06 and DRB1*07 alleles were observed in patients with an onset before 40 years of age and those without a family history,together with a decreased frequency of HLA-Cw*04 and DRB1*04 alleles,compared with the healthy controls(Pc ＜ 0.05).The frequency of HLA-Cw*06 allele was significantly higher in patients with a positive family history and patients with an onset of no younger than 40 years of age than in the healthy controls (both Pc ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsHLA-Cw*06 and -DRB1*07 alleles may be susceptibility determinants to psoriasis vulgaris,while HLA-Cw*04 and -DRB1*04 alleles may be protective factors against psoriasis vulgaris,in Mongolia from Inner Mongolia.HLA-DRB1*07 allele may be a susceptibility gene for psoriasis,while HLA-Cw*04 and -DRB1*04 alleles may be protective factors against psoriasis,in patients with an onset before 40 years of age.

Objective To investigate skin manifestations and comorbidities of chronic arsenicosis due to conta?minated drinking water, and to explore their possible risk factors. Methods Data about demographic characteristics, skin manifestations and comorbidities were collected from 95 patients with chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated drinking water in Inner Mongolia, and retrospectively analyzed. A logistic regression model was established to analyze associations of skin manifestations and comorbidities with patients′ gender, age, age at onset of drinking of arsenic?contaminated water, arsenic concentrations in water and duration of arsenic exposure. Results Among the 95 patients, 77 had hyperpigmentation, 75 hypopigmentation, 93 palmoplantar keratoderma, 27 skin cancer, and 8 multiple skin cancer. Five patients were complicated by tuberculosis, 15 by hypertension, 2 by rheumatoid arthritis, 4 by cerebral infarction, 7 by coronary heart diseases, 3 by internal malignancy, 6 by hepatic cirrhosis and 2 by anemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between hyperpigmentation and arsenic concentrations in water(OR=0.32, 95%CI=0.10-0.98;ORadjusted=0.27, 95%CI=0.08-0.90), between occurrence of hepatic cirrhosis and arsenic concentrations in water (OR=24.67, 95%CI=2.69-226.57;ORadjusted=22.51, 95%CI=2.38-213.11), and between occurrence of coronary heart diseases and duration of arsenic exposure(OR=6.41, 95%CI=1.09-37.88;ORadjusted=8.55, 95%CI=1.21-60.41). Conclusions There is a high incidence of aberrant pigment metabolism, palmoplantar keratoderma and skin cancer in patients with chronic arsenicosis due to contaminated drinking water. Different arsenic concentrations in water and duration of arsenic exposure seem to have different influences on the human body.

Objective To investigate the variations of the expression and activity of phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase(PI-3K)in the adipose tissue of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and to explore its relationship with insulin resistance(IR)in these women.Methods The expression of PI-3K p85aprotein and mRNA in adipose tissue were detected by Western blot and Semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in 20 GDM women(GDM group)and 20 normal pregnant women(normal group).The activity of PI-3K was determined by ELISA and IR index was calculated using homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)according to the results of fasting insulin(FINS)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),which measured by oxidase assay and immunoradioassay,respectively.Results The expressions of PI-3K p85αmRNA and PI-3K p85a protein were markedly increased in the adipose tissue of GDM group than in the normal group(mRNA:0.83±0.03 vs 0.53±0.07,P＜0.01;protein:0.93±0.04 vs 0.71±0.06,P＜0.01).However,the PI-3K activity in the GDM groups was significantly down-regulated compared with the normal group(1.7±0.6 vs 5.2±0.5,P＜0.01).The levels of FPG and FINS (HOMA-IR)in the GDM group were all significantly higher than the normal group[FPG:(5.8±0.2)mmol/L vs(4.7±0.3)mmol/L;FINS:(14.8±0.2)mmol/L vs(11.2±0.3)mmol/L;HOMA-IR:1.3±0.4 vs 0.9±0.3,a11 P＜0.01]. Conclusions The decreased activity of PI-3K in the adipose tissue may be one of the molecular mechanisms for IR in GDM.

Objective: To explore the effects of different proportions of Fructus Cnidii (Shechuangzi) and Psoralea corylifolia (Buguzhi) on highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231BO and bone marrow stromal cell line ST-2 in vitro. Methods: Thirty-six female SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups to prepare the drug-medicated sera by administering with different proportions of Fructus Cnidii and Psoralea corylifolia, including 4:0 group, 3:1 group, 1:1 group, 1:3 group, 0:4 group and control group. MDA-MB-231BO cells and ST-2 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing drug-medicated serum. Inhibition rates of MDA-MB-231BO cells and ST-2 cells were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method; migration ability of MDA-MB-231BO cells was tested by a cell migration experiment; alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) of ST-2 cells was measured by using 4-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt, and mineralized nodule formation of ST-2 cells was measured by alizarin red staining. Results: Sera contaning different proportions of Fructus Cnidii and Psoralea corylifolia inhibited the migration activity of MDA-MB-231BO cells as compared with the blank serum, and serum contaning Fructus Cnidii and Psoralea Corylifolia at proportion of 1:1 had the best function (P<0.01). Fructus Cnidii and Psoralea corylifolia at ratio of 1:1 also enhanced the ALP activity of ST2 cells (P<0.05) and increased the number of mineralized nodules of ST2 cells (P<0.01). Conclusion: Kidney-warming recipe of Fructus Cnidii and Psoralea corylifolia can inhibit proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231BO cells and increase the activity of ST-2 cells.

Objective To investigate the expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and in the adipose tissue of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to explore molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in GDM. Methods The serum and adipose tissue were sampled from patients with GDM (GDM group, n = 20) and normal pregnant women (control group, n = 20). Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase assay. The expressions of IRS-1 protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was measured by immunoprecipitation. Results Compared with control group, in GDM group, the expression of IRS-1 mRNA was markedly decreased (0.61 ±0.06 vs 1.12 ± 0.17, P < 0.01), the expression of IRS-1 protein was significantly decreased (0.57 ±0.08 vs O. 83 ±0.07, P <0.01) and tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly reduced (0.23 ± O. 06 vs O. 62 ±0.04, P < 0.01) in the adipose tissue. Conclusion The decline of protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the adipose tissue of gestational diabetes appears to be one of the moleculemechanisms of insulin resistance in patients with GDM.

Objective To study influence on angiogenesis of placenta by gene silencing of netrin-1.Methods Netrin-1 gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)and placenta of pregnant rats were silenced by RNA interference.The following methods were used in this study,including the phenytetrazoliumromide(MTT)for viability,clone formation for proliferation,transwell for migration,and tube formation for angiogenesis in vitro.The change of fetal growth was recorded.Placental microvessel density in pregnant rats was measured by immunohistochemical CD34 staining in vivo.Results (1)HUVEC:viability and proliferation of HUVEC were remarkably inhibited by gene silencing of netrin-1.which number of clone formation,migration cell,tube formation were from(69±6)%,86±17,37±9 decreased to(46±5)%,46±13 and 17±5(P＜0.05)respectively.(2)Placenta of pregnant rats:after netrin-1gene silenced,fetal weight were decreased from(2.39 ±0.17)g to(2.12±0.10)g(P＜0.05).Placental microvessel density was decreased from(258±38)/mm2 to(197±32)/mm2 in vivo(P＜0.05).Conclusions Gene silencing of netrin-1 could inhibit viability,proliferation,migration,tubal formation of HUVEC and angiogcnesis of placenta.Netrin-1 plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis in placenta.

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) gene and psoriasis vulgaris in a Han population from north China.Methods Totally,465 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and 476 healthy human controls were enrolled into the study.Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected from these subjects after informed consent.Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNIP1 gene,including rs17728338,rs3762999 and rs999556,were selected for genotyping with ligase detection reaction (LDR).With the PLINK 1.07 package,statistical analysis was carried out by using the chi-square test for comparisons of allele frequencies and genotype frequencies between the patient group and control group.The allelic odds ratio (OR) and its 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.In addition,linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed for the three SNPs by calculating the r2 and D' values.Results There was a difference in the allele frequencies of the three SNPs between the patients with psoriasis vulgaris and controls,but the difference was statistically significant in only the allele frequencies of rs17728338,but not in those of the other two SNPs after Bonferroni correction.Under the dominant inheritance model,the genotype frequencies of the 3 SNPs all significantly differed between the patients and controls after Bonferroni correction (all P ＜ 0.016 7).Stratification analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the allele and genotype frequencies of the three SNPs between the patients with a family history and healthy controls (all P ＜ 0.016 7),and the frequency of A allele of rs17728338 was significantly lower in the controls than in the patients with psoriasis vulgaris,patients with early-onset psoriasis vulgaris (n =355),patients with late-onset psoriasis vulgaris (n =107),patients with a family history (n =68),and patients without a family history (n =394) (all P ＜ 0.0167).Strong linkage disequilibrium existed between rs3762999 and rs999556 (r2 =0.910,D' =0.982),and moderate linkage disequilibrium existed between rs17728338 and rs3762999 (r2 =0.371,D' =0.989) as well as rs999556 (r2 =0.353,D' =1).Conclusion The SNPs rs17728338,rs3762999 and rs999556 in the TNIP1 gene were associated with psoriasis vulgaris in the Chinese Han population.