OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Gongsuo mixture. METHODS:Angelica sinensis,Ligusticum chuanxiong and Radix Astragali in the mixture were identified by TLC and the content of stachydrine hydrochloride was determined by HPLC. RESULTS:The TLC characteristics were distinctive and free of interference of negative control. The linear concentration range of stachydrine hydrochloride was 0.5～10.0 ?g(r=0.999 9) and the average recovery was 98.24%(RSD=1.06%,n=6). CONCLUSION:The established standard is suitable for the quality control of Gongsuo mixture.

Objective To investigate the features of event-related potentials (ERP) P300, auditory evoked potential(AEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) in senile depression patients and the dynamic chan-ges before and after treatment of sertruline. Methods P300, AEP and BAEP were recorded in 31 senile depression patients using Chinese WOND 2000C Instrument, and a comparison between the patients and 33 normal controls in terms of these evoked potentials were made. Some of the depression patients treated with oral intake of sertraline were followed electophysiologically after 12 months of treatment. Results Compared with normal controls, senile depres-sion patients showed delay of latency of P300-P3 and BAEP-Ⅲ, decreased amplitude of P300-P3, AEP-P2 and BA-EP-Ⅲ(P <0.05 or 0.01). The 12-month follow-up measures of ERP showed significant improvement in terms of la-tency and amplitude of P3/P300,AEP-P2 and BAEP-Ⅲ after treatment of sertraline. Conclusion Senile depres-sion patients showed abnormality on several ERP indexes (such as P3/P300, AEP-P2 and BAEP-Ⅲ), and these in-dexes might provide important evidences to monitor the effect of medicine.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of second transurethral resection (TUR) in patients with T1 urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.Methods The 142 cases with urothelial carcinoma were recruited.All patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and were diagnosed as stage T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.The 68 of 142 cases underwent second TUR after the initial surgery.Tumor recurrence rate,progression rate and recurrence-free survival were compared.Results There were no statistical differences in age,gender,follow-up time,number of tumors,size of tumors or grade of tumors between patients with and without second TUR.Of the 68 cases that underwent second TUR,25 cases (36.8%) had residual tumor and 6 of them (8.8%) had muscle-invasive bladder cancer.After an average observation for 26.8 months,patients who underwent second TUR showed lower recurrence rate,higher recurrence-free rate and longer recurrence-free survival than patients without second TUR [37.1% vs.58.1%,x2=5.962,P=0.015;41% vs.35.1%,x2=8.502,P=0.004;21 months vs.12 months,U= 1584,P= 0.002].While the progression rate showed no statistical difference between them (14.5% vs.25.7%,x2 =2.570,P=0.109).Conclusions Second TUR provides an effective way to completely excise tumor.Second TUR is beneficial to the decrease of recurrence rate and improvement of recurrence-free survival.However,its effect on tumor progression needs further discussion.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effecacy and safety of transurethral enucleation of submucosal bladder leiomyoma.MethodsAnalyze retrospectively the clinical data of 6 patients (2 male,4 female) of submucosal bladder leiomyoma. The mean age was 59 years (range 32- 78). The clinical manifestations included dysuresia in 3 cases, irritative bladder in 1 case, gross hematuria in 1 caes, and no clinical symptoms in 1 case. The mean course was 23 months (range 1 week-4 years). All the bladder tumors were indicated by ultrasonography, CT scan and cystoscopy, while 4 cases of bladder filling defects were showed by intravenous urogram. Before the tranaurethral enucleation of the bladder tumor, a deep needle biopsy and pathological examination were carried out to confirm the diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma. For the relatively small lateral leiomyomas, holium laser enucleation was carried out, while for the big ones, resectoscope enucleation was used to remove the mass. Biopsys were performed after complete removal of the tumor.ResultsTransurethral enucleation of 6 cases of submucosal bladder tumors were successful without any postoperative complication. All patients regained normal urination, and lower urinary tract irritation was relieved obviously and hematuria disappeared. No tumor recurrence or metastasis was found during the follow-up of 4 to 158 months.ConclusionsCystoscopy and transurethral biopsy are the most important methods for the diagnosis of submucosal bladder leiomyoma. The transurethral enucleation is a feasible and safe surgical technique for such patients with excellent results.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and the protective effect of muscone.

METHODPC12 cells were randomly divided into six groups: normal group (Normal), model group injured by glutamate (Glu), nimodipine group (Nim) and muskone groups (Mus) of high, middle and low doses. The PC12 cells were pretreated with or without different concentrations of muskone for 30 min and then exposed to glutamate. MTT assay for cell survival, flow cytometric detection of apoptotic cells, DCF assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometric assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cell.

RESULTPC12 cell damage, the concentrations of [Ca2+], and apoptosis induced by Glu were decreased after being administrated with paeoniflorin.

CONCLUSIONMuskone inhibited Glu-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The mechanism is related to inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ overload and maintaining mitochondral membrance potential.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cycloparaffins ; pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; pharmacology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; PC12 Cells ; Pheochromocytoma ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats

Objective This study is to compare flap-viability-related complications, coverage reach, recon-struction outcomes and donor-mobidities between distally-based peroneal artery perforator-plus fasciocutaneous (DPAPF)flap and distally-based posterior tibial artery perforator-plus fasciocutaneous(DPTAPF)flap for recon-struction of soft-tissue defects over the distal lower leg, ankle and foot, and thus provide evidence for selection of the flaps. Methods Between April, 2002 and February, 2012, 216 and 59 patients underwent the reconstructions with DPAPF flaps(peroneal group)and DPTAPF flaps(posterior tibial group)respectively. We subdivided the distal lower leg, ankle and foot into 12 subregions. In all the patients, flap-viability-related complications and its potential risk factors(including age,sex,etiology,location of top edge,location of pivot point,length and width of both the skin is-land and adipofascial pedicle, length-width ratio, and total length), coverage reach(the subregion in which the most distal part of the reconstructed defect lies),duration of flap elevation and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. In patients with at least 3 months postoperative follow-up, comparative study of reconstruction outcomes, pa-tient's satisfaction with flap appearance and donor-site morbidities were performed between the groups. Results Partial necrosis rate in the peroneal of the posterior tibial group were 12.0 percent versus 20.3 percent,respectively(P> 0.05). Marginal necrosis and overall complication (including partial and marginal necrosis)rates in the peroneal group(1.9 percent and 13.9 percent, respectively)were significantly lower than those in the posterior tibial group (8.5 percent and 28.8 percent,respectively)(P<0.05).Incidence of partial necrosis of the flaps for the defects over subregions 7 to 10 in the peroneal group(7 of 41)was significantly lower than that in the posterior tibial group(2 of 2).There was no difference in reconstruction outcomes and patient's satisfaction with flap appearance in both groups(P >0.05).Incidences of hypertrophic scar,itching and pigmentation at the donor site were significantly lower in the peroneal group(P<0.05). Conclusion DPAPF flap is superior to DPTAPF flap in reliability,safe coverage reach and less donor-site morbidities.The former is recommended as the first choice when local pedicle flaps are considered to recon-struct soft-tissue defects over the distal lower leg,ankle and foot.

Embryo Research ; Humans

Developing universal CARs with improved flexible targeting and controllable activities is urgently needed. While several studies have suggested the potential of CD16a in tandem with monoclonal antibodies to construct universal CAR-T cells, the weak affinity between them is one of the limiting factors for efficacy. Herein, we systematically investigated the impact of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) affinity on CAR-T cells properties by constructing universal CARs using Fcγ receptors with different affinities for IgG1 antibodies, namely CD16a, CD32a, and CD64. We demonstrated that the activities of these universal CAR-T cells on tumor cells could be redirected and regulated by IgG1 antibodies. In xenografted mice, 64CAR chimeric Jurkat cells with the highest affinity showed significant antitumor effects in combination with herceptin in the HER2 low expression U251 MG model. However, in the CD20 high expression Raji model, 64CAR caused excessive activation of CAR-T cells, which resulted in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and the decline of antitumor activity, and 32CAR with a moderate affinity brought the best efficacy. Our work extended the knowledge about FcγR-based universal CAR-T cells and suggested that only the FcγRCAR with an appropriate affinity can offer the optimal antitumor advantages of CAR-T cells.