MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miR)are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs,average～22 nt in length. MiRs negatively regulate gene expression at post-transcription level and the dysregulation of miRs is closely correlated with tumorigenesis.The present paper introduces the recent studies of aberration of miRs and its possible mechanisms in gliomagenesis,which will be helpful in further understanding the molecular pathology,developmemt of diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for gliomas.

Objective To explore the diameter change of the extrahepatic bile duct before and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods From Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2007, 113 patients including chronic gallstone cholecystitis (n=55), inactive cholecystolithiasis (n=46) and gallbladder polyps (n=12) were collected and treated by LC. The diameters of their extrahepatic bile ducts were measured by B ultrasonography before operation, 3 months and 6 months after operation. These data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results The diameters of the extrahepatic bile ducts of all patients before LC, 3 months and 6 months after LC were (5?2) mm, (8?2) mm and (6?2) mm respectively. And in chronic gallstone cholecystitis patients they were (5?2) mm, (9?2) mm and (6?2) mm respectively, in inactive gallstone cholelithiasis patients they were (5?2) mm, (8?2) mm and (6?2) mm respectively, and in gallbladder polyps ones they were (5?2) mm, (7?2) mm and (5?2) mm respectively. Conclusion The change of the extrahepatic bile duct diameter after LC is a dynamic process. It is enlarged on the third month after operation than before operation. In the sixth month after operation marked retraction occurs, and compared with before operation, it shows no obvious statistic significance.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for ureteral calculi after failed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy(ESWL).Methods A total of 89 patients with ureteral calculi were treated by ureteroscopic holmium YAG laser lithotripsy after failed ESWL.Among them,69 cases were complicated with ploypi or calculi surrounded by granuloma tissues,which were melted by holmium laser simultaneously;4 cases were complicated with distal ureteral stenosis,and received open surgery for resection of the stenotic segment.Results Of the patients,calculi were fragmented by one operation in 81 cases.The success rate was 91%.67 cases were stone free in one week and 14 cases in two weeks.In 4 cases,calculi were flushed into the pelvis,and were cured by open surgery.Conclusions Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi after failed ESWL.It should be used as the first choice for the disease.

Objective To observe whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote the repair of IgA nephropathy and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups which were MSCs injection group, normal saline(NS) infusion group and healthy control group. IgA nephropathy model was established by the improving method with BSA +SEB +CCl4 in former two groups. MSCs of SD rats were continuously cultured in vitro and identified with specific surface antigens by flow cytometry and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. MSCs were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in vitro before transplanted. At 1st and 4th week after MSCs injection, the changes of body weight, urine protein, renal function, histopathology and IgA immunofluorescence were observed. MCP-1, TGF-β1 in urine were detected by ELISA. The expression of MCP-1, TGF-β1 in kidney were examined by RT-PCR. The cytokines and BrdU labeled MSCs were detected by immunohistochemistry to observe the disposition in kidney. Results At the end of the first week of MSCs transplantation, MSCs group urine protein (36.86±4.78) mg/24 h, serum creatinine (53.50±6.28) μmol/L, and the NS group urine protein (66.98±5.86) mg/24 h, serum creatinine (82.50±8.36) μmol/L, the differences between two groups were significant (P<0.05). At the same time, the content of MCP-1, TGF-β1 in urine and expression in renal tissue of MSCs group were obviously less than those of NS group (P <0.05). At the end of the 4th week, the body weight, histopatholngy, IgA immunofluorescence of MSCs group were remarkably improved as compared with those of NS group. The content of MCP-1, TGF-β1 in urine and expression in renal tissue, and renal pathological change in MSCs group had no significant differences as compared with those of healthy control group. As the time passed, the disposition of BrdU-labeled MSCs in kidney was taper. Conclusions MSCs injection contributes to renal repair in rat IgA nephropathy. The mechanism may partly depend on adjusting the excretion of cytokines in renal microenvironment and/or other functions rather than completely depend on their differentiation to renal cells.

Growth hormone (GHRH) and pitutary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) are the members of the PACAP/Glucagon superfamily,who are related in both sequence and function.Their stimulation of GH secretion and animal growth is concerned.A series of expression plasmid,pIRES1-GHRH-PACAP (P-G-P),plRESI-GHRH (P-G) and plRESI-PACAP(P-P),were constructed,extracted and purified,then transfected into CHO cell line with Lipofectamine.The expression was examined by RT-PCR,dot-ELISA and Western blotting.The biological activity of expression products was detected in rats.At 8 h after injection of transfection supematant,serum IGF-I concentrations in P-G-P group were significantly higher than that in other groups(P ＜ 0.05).PLGA encapsulating plasmid microspheres were prepared and injected intramuscularly into rabbit legs.Growth behavior and IGF-1 level were measured at day 0,15,30 and 45 after injection.Greater body weights gain and higher serum 1GF- [ levels were observed in three plasmid microsphere injection groups,compared with control group.At day 30,the body weight gain in P-G-P group was greater than saline group (81%,P＜ 0.01),P-G mierosphere group (15%,P＜ 0.05) and P-P microsphere group (7%,P＞ 0.05),serum IGF-I concentration in P-G-P microsphere group showed a 16.68% increase to P-G microsphere (P ＞ 0.05),a 17.14% increase to P-P microsphere(P ＞ 0.05) and a 50.46% increase to control (P ＜ 0.05).These results suggest that co-expression of GHRH and PACAP in one expression plasmid might exert an additive stimulation of GH secretion and growth when delivered into rabbit skeletal muscle with PLGA mierosphere.The results may provide a new approach to regulate animal growth.

OBJECTIVE To study the pathogenicity of the Vibrio fluvialis isolated from the coastal seawater.METHODS Virulence experiment group:22 Kunming mice were divided into four subgroups in random:V.fluvialis was injected into abdominal cavity in the test subgroup.And Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were injected into the positive control subgroups,separately and aseptic physiological saline was injected into the negative control group.Wound infection group:22 SPF mice were divided into four supgroups in random after their legs were injured:the experimental supgroup(soaked in artificial seawater with V.fluvialis);the positive control groups(with S.aureus and E.coli,separately);the negative control group(soaked in aseptic artificial seawater).The general condition,blood routine,blood culture,organ culture and wound secretion culture of the mice were observed.The pathological analysis of the mice was taken after sacrifice on the 3rd day.RESULTS In virulence experiment group,among all the 7 mice′s blood culture of V.fluvialis supgroup,5 mice were found V.fluvialis positive after 12 h injection,and 2 mice kept on positive until 24 h.In wound infection group,pathological examination showed there were a large number of neutrophils distributed over the striated muscle of the injured sites and cellulitis formed.CONCLUSIONS The V.fluvialis isolated from the sea water has pathogenicity,and can cause wound) infection and septicemia when the concentration reached 106 CFU/ml.

Objective To evaluate the safety, performability and long-term clinical efficacy of stenting angioplasty for treating symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis in the origin part in elderly patients. Methods Stenting angioplasty was performed on 29 patients with symptomatic ICA stenosis in the origin part. Results 29 stents were placed in 29 patients. Operations were performed 100%successfully. After an average 24 months of follow-up visits, restenoses were detected in 2cases reexamined by DSA 6 months after stenting, both presented with less than 50% stenoses. 1 case was found not regularly taking statins and antiplatelet drugs after stenting, severe restenosis occurred 6 months later, stent implantation performed again, no recurrence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) was noted during 2 years′follow-up visit. Cerebral ischemic strokes occurred in 2 cases , and both of them had balloon dilatation after stenting. 1 case was completely recovered after treatment and 1 was left with weakness in right extremities, unabling to walk. No cases of posterior circulation ischemia, death and myocardial infarction were detected. Conclusions Stenting angioplasty can be performed in treating symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis in elderly patients. It showed a relatively good mid-long-term clinical effects and can be a secondary prevention option.

[Objective]This study was designed to determine growth inhibition of diallyl trisulfide(DATS)in human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and further to investigate the mechanism underlying such effect.[Methods]Growth inhibition by DATS was estimated by the tetrazolium(MTr)assay.Apoptosis induction in DATS-treated cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy analysis of cells with condensed and segmented nuclei following staining with DAPI and flow cytometric analysis of cells with sub-G1 DNA content following staining with propidium iodide.Protein levels of apoptosis regulating proteins were determined using western blot.The activity of caspase-3 was measured using a colorimetric assay.[Result]DATS showed tumor growth inhibition in a time-and dose-dependent manner,IC_(50) of DATS was 14 μmol/L at 72 h.DATS evoked apoptosis as confirmed by cell morphology and by the analysis of flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL,the apoptosis-suppressing proteins,was more down-regulated.The activity of caspase-3 was enhanced by DATS.[Conclusion]DATS inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in association with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and activation of caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the CD40 gene( - 1 C/T)single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and acute coronary syndromes(ACS), and the expression of CD40 on platelets. Method A total of 562 patients with ACS canfirmed by coronary angiography were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical characteristics, namely ACS patients( n = 210), stable angina(SA) patients( n = 189) and control group( n = 163).ACS was defined as ischemic chest pain at rest resulting in admission to hospital and > 50% stenosis in a major coronary artery with or without a rise in troponin Ⅰ. SA was defined as stable effort-related angina without change in angina pattern in 3 months. Patients with infection, tumor, or liver or kidney disease were excluded The gene polymorphism was measured by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFIP) and identiffed by sequencing. The expression of CD40 on platelets was detected by flow cytometry. The frequency, distribution of genotypes was compared using cross-tabulation and standard X~2 test. Result The CC genotype(31% ) and C allele of frequency(57.9%)of CD40 gene in ACS patients were significantly higher than those in SA(15.9%, 43.1% ) and control groups( 16.1%, 42.6% ). No significant difference of the genotypes or allele frequencies was found between SA and control group(X~2 = 0.053, P = 0.974;X~2 = 0.017, P = 0.897). 1he expression of CD40 on platelets in patients with C alleles carries was significandy higher than that of T allele carries in each group( P <0.0001). Conclusions CD40- 1C/T polymorphism was associated with ACS in Chinese Han nationallity.

objective To identify SEPT7as one of the target genes of miR-19a and miR-19b.MethodsmiR-19a inhibitor and miR-19b inhibitor mediated by lipofectamine2000,were transfected to SNB19 glioma cells for knocking down miR-19a/19b overexpression.Real time PCR was conducted to detect the expression of miR-19a/miR-19b in transfected cells.The expression of SEPT7was determined by Western blot analysis.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of SEPT7; and Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct regulation of miR-19a/19b on SEPT7.ResultsIn SNB19 glioma cells transfected with miR-19a/19b inhibitor,the expression of miR-19a/miR-19b was significantly reduced,whereas the protein expression of SEPT7 was upreguhtted; no significant change of SEPT7 mRNA level was found and luciferase activity became stronger as compared to control cells.ConclusionSEPT7 is the target negatively regulated by miR-19a and miR-19b.