OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and normal laryngeal mucosa (NLM), and to analysize the relationship between the expression and the clinicopathologic parameters of LSCC. METHOD: Immunohistochemical technique (Envision) was used to detect the expression of DNA-PK in 64 cases of LSCC and 15 cases of NLM. To investigate an investigation was conducted on the relationship between the expression and clinico-pathological features of LSCC. RESULT: DNA-PK was lowly expressed in NLM and highly expressed in LSCC,the positive rate of DNA-PK expression was 26.67% (4/15), 78.13% (50/64), respectively, and there was significant different difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Its expression was correlated with the level of histodifferentiation (P < 0.05), but not with TNM stages and neck lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION DNA-PK may be involved in disease development of LSCC.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; enzymology ; pathology ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; metabolism ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; enzymology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Larynx ; enzymology ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

BACKGROUND: As a convenient and useful physical activity measurement tool,pedometer is widely used in research and intervention about physical activity of population. OBJECTIVE: To assess validity and reliability of the pedometer in measuring daily physical activity. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The experiment was performed at the Department of Kinesiology,Nanjing Institute of Physical Education and Sports from April to June 2007. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty college students,15 majoring in Kinesiology and 15 majoring in social and physical education,15 females and 15 males,with an average age of (20?1) years,were selected from Nanjing Institute of Physical Education and Sports. METHODS: Participants wore a Digi-Walker200 for one week to record results of pedometer measurement,and filled in Bouchard Physical Activity Diary every day to note activity in 24 hours and calculate energy consumption. All participants completed International Physical Activity Questionnaire including large and moderate intensity activity,walking and sitting in a week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily steps,energy expenditure,sedentary time,waking time,exercise time,and weekly physical activity condition. RESULTS: Step counts were positively correlated with daily energy expenditure,walking time,and exercise time,and negatively related with sedentary time. Step counts of different physical activity levels were significantly different: more step counts could better reflect physical activity levels. Furthermore,exercise or continuous walking (more than 15 minutes) could significantly increase step counts. Daily physical activity including 30-minute moderate intensity activity could achieve or exceed the target steps of 10 000. CONCLUSION: Pedometer provides a useful and objective indicator of daily step counts assessing daily physical activity,but it is difficult to reflect activity intensity and patterns.

AIM To determine the antagonistic activities of new endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0214 on the left ventricle membranes and the aorta ring contraction in normal rat and its reduction effect on the mean arterial pressure in conscious DOCA salt hypertensive rats. METHODS Left ventricle membranes of normal rat hearts achieved for competition binding assay was used to investigate the antagonistic effects of CPU0214. Aorta ring contraction induced by ET 1 in normal rat was used to investigate the antagonistic activity of CPU0214. DOCA salt hypertensive rats were induced by injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, sc) following with 1% NaCl as drinking for 4 wk. A multiple physiological recorder was used to record the mean arterial pressure of femoral artery. The endothelin receptor change in the left ventricle membranes of DOCA salt hypertensive rat was measured by binding assays. Intraperitoneal injection of CPU0214 was used to investigate its effect on reduction of mean arterial pressure. RESULTS In the left ventricle the IC 50 of endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0214 is 16 nmol?L -1 and CPU0214 (10 ?mol?L -1 ) inhibited the ET 1 induced isolated aorta rings contraction in normal rats. Mean arterial pressure as well as B max and K d of left ventricle were increased significantly in DOCA salt hypertensive rat. CPU0214 (60 mg?kg -1 ip) significantly reduced the mean arterial pressure of conscious DOCA salt hypertensive rats especially during 60～90 min after administration. CONCLUSIONS CPU0214 has significantly antagonistic effects on the left ventricle membrane and the isolated aorta ring contraction in normal rat, which is verified by CPU0214 as a strong endothelin receptor antagonist. Furthermore its effect on the mean blood pressure reduction in conscious DOCA salt hypertensive rats, which is manifested as an abnormal endothelin system, shows its prosperity of drug development value as a new endothelin receptor antagonist.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality

BACKGROUND:There are increasing scientific and technological ways to promote the recovery of muscle fatigue after sports,such as vibrating foam shaft,fascia gun relaxation,and ultra-low temperature cold therapy.Fascia gun relaxation has been widely used in practice,but there is still relatively little research on fascial guns. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of three relaxation methods(fascia gun,stretching,fascia gun+stretching)on muscle status and muscle strength during the recovery of exercise-induced muscle fatigue,and to provide scientific basis for the application of the three methods in practice. METHODS:Forty college students were randomly divided into control group(n=10),stretching group(n=10),fascia gun group(n=10),and fascia gun+stretching group(n=10).All subjects completed leg flexion and extension training at 60%1 RM,15 times per set,for 10 sets in total,to make exercise fatigue models.After modeling,the subjects were intervened with supine rest,static stretching,fascia gun relaxation,fascia gun+stretching relaxation respectively.Muscle status and muscle strength indexes were tested before exercise,immediately after exercise,immediately after relaxation,24 and 48 hours after exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The muscle tension and dynamic hardness of the control group and the stretching group immediately after relaxation were significantly higher than those before training(P<0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the fascia gun group and fascia gun+stretching group before and after training(P>0.05).At 24 hours after training,the peak torque of the control group and fascia gun group was significantly lower than that before training(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the stretching group and fascia gun+stretching group before and 24 hours after training(P>0.05).To conclude,the fascia gun can immediately and effectively improve the muscle state of sports fatigue and stretching can promote the effective recovery of muscle strength within 24 hours after sports fatigue.Relaxation using fascia gun plus stretching can achieve the superposition of the two effects.

Objective:To investigate the lower limb muscle strength characteristics in amateur runners with patellofemoral pain(PFP). Method:Thirty PFP amateur runners(20 males and 10 females)were recruited as the knee pain group,and 30 matched non-injured amateur runners were recruited as the non-knee pain group.The hip abductor strength,quadriceps strength,hamstring strength,hamstring/quadriceps ratio,and bilateral limb symmetry index were col-lected for all participants.Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. Result:The hip abductor strength and bilateral limb symmetry index,quadriceps strength and bilateral limb symmetry index of male PFP amateur runners were significantly lower than those of the non-knee pain group,while the hamstring/quadriceps ratio was significantly higher than that of the non-knee pain group.The hip ab-ductor strength and bilateral limb symmetry index of female PFP amateur runners were significantly lower than those of the non-knee pain group. Conclusion:PFP amateur runners exhibit different lower limb muscle strength characteristics compared to non-knee pain runners,and the lower limb strength characteristics of male and female PFP amateur runners are not consistent.Therefore,functional and gender differences should be considered in the clinical treatment and rehabilitation training of PFP.

Ob jective It has been reported by some prospective studies that C-reactive protein (CRP ) is associated with cancer risk .However, the correlation between CRP and digestive system cancers has not been evaluated in Chinese females .We conducted a large population-based cohort study to investigate whether elevated level of CRP in serum is associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancers in Chinese women.Metho ds From the Chinese Kailuan Female Cohort , 19,437 women were enrolled in this study in July 2006, and all of the subjects were followed up through 2014.At the baseline investigation , the serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP ( hsCRP ) were tested for all subjects , and demographic information and risk factor data were collected .Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios ( HR ) and 95%confidence intervals ( 95%CI ) for the baseline levels of hsCRP after adjusting for age, marital status, smoking, drinking, body mass index ( BMI), diabetes and physical activity, and risk of digestive system tumors (including colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreas cancer, liver and gallbladder cancer, and other cancers).Results By Dec 31, 2014, a total of 100 incident cancer cases were observed , including 47 colorectal cancers , 17 stomach cancers , and altogether 29 pancreas , liver and gallbladder cancers .All the subjects investigated were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L) .The 8-year cumulative incidence of digestive system cancers were 405/100 000, 520/100 000 and 787/100 000 in these 3 groups, respectively (Log rank test χ2=8.37, P=0.015 ) .Compared to those with lower hsCRP levels (<1 mg/L ) , the women with higher hsCRP (>3 mg/L) had a significantly increased risk of pancreas , liver and gallbladder cancers ( HR =2.70, 95%CI =1.06-6.91;Ptrend=0.036).Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline may be associated with increased risk of certain digestive system cancers .

Objective:To systematically evaluate the quality of gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations, and provide a reference for the update of gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations in China.Methods:"guidelines/consensus/specifications/standards" , "stomach/gastric tumors" , "screening/diagnosis" , "guideline/recommendation" , "gastric cancer/gastric tumor," "early detection of cancer/screening" were searched as keywords in PubMed, Embase, Web of knowledge, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library, as well as the US Preventive Services Working Group, the American Cancer Society, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the Australia Cancer Council and the International Guide Collaboration Network at the end of July 2018. The inclusion criteria were independent guidelines/recommendation documents for gastric cancer screening. The exclusion criteria were guideline abstracts, interpretation and evaluation literature, duplicate publications, updated original guidelines, and clinical treatment or practice guidelines for gastric cancer. The language was limited to Chinese and English. The European Guide to Research and Evaluation Tools (AGREE Ⅱ) and Practice Guideline Reporting Standard (RIGHT) for Gastric Cancer Screening Guidelines/Recommendations were used to compare and evaluate the quality and reporting standard of gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations.Results:A total of five guides/recommendations were included. The results of the AGREE Ⅱ quality evaluation showed that the overall quality of five guides/recommendations was different, including one recommended for "A", one for "B", and three for "C". Each guide/recommendation scored higher in the scope and purpose, clarity, and scores were more significant in the areas of rigor and independence. In the participants, the application field scores were generally low. The RIGHT evaluation results showed that the quality of five guides/recommendations should be improved. The six items with poor report quality were background, evidence, recommendations, review and quality assurance, funding and conflict of interest statement and management, and other aspects.Conclusion:The quality of the included gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations is generally low, and the standardization should be strengthened.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the quality of gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations, and provide a reference for the update of gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations in China.Methods:"guidelines/consensus/specifications/standards" , "stomach/gastric tumors" , "screening/diagnosis" , "guideline/recommendation" , "gastric cancer/gastric tumor," "early detection of cancer/screening" were searched as keywords in PubMed, Embase, Web of knowledge, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library, as well as the US Preventive Services Working Group, the American Cancer Society, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the Australia Cancer Council and the International Guide Collaboration Network at the end of July 2018. The inclusion criteria were independent guidelines/recommendation documents for gastric cancer screening. The exclusion criteria were guideline abstracts, interpretation and evaluation literature, duplicate publications, updated original guidelines, and clinical treatment or practice guidelines for gastric cancer. The language was limited to Chinese and English. The European Guide to Research and Evaluation Tools (AGREE Ⅱ) and Practice Guideline Reporting Standard (RIGHT) for Gastric Cancer Screening Guidelines/Recommendations were used to compare and evaluate the quality and reporting standard of gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations.Results:A total of five guides/recommendations were included. The results of the AGREE Ⅱ quality evaluation showed that the overall quality of five guides/recommendations was different, including one recommended for "A", one for "B", and three for "C". Each guide/recommendation scored higher in the scope and purpose, clarity, and scores were more significant in the areas of rigor and independence. In the participants, the application field scores were generally low. The RIGHT evaluation results showed that the quality of five guides/recommendations should be improved. The six items with poor report quality were background, evidence, recommendations, review and quality assurance, funding and conflict of interest statement and management, and other aspects.Conclusion:The quality of the included gastric cancer screening guidelines/recommendations is generally low, and the standardization should be strengthened.

Ob jective It has been reported by some prospective studies that C-reactive protein (CRP ) is associated with cancer risk .However, the correlation between CRP and digestive system cancers has not been evaluated in Chinese females .We conducted a large population-based cohort study to investigate whether elevated level of CRP in serum is associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancers in Chinese women.Metho ds From the Chinese Kailuan Female Cohort , 19,437 women were enrolled in this study in July 2006, and all of the subjects were followed up through 2014.At the baseline investigation , the serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP ( hsCRP ) were tested for all subjects , and demographic information and risk factor data were collected .Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios ( HR ) and 95%confidence intervals ( 95%CI ) for the baseline levels of hsCRP after adjusting for age, marital status, smoking, drinking, body mass index ( BMI), diabetes and physical activity, and risk of digestive system tumors (including colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreas cancer, liver and gallbladder cancer, and other cancers).Results By Dec 31, 2014, a total of 100 incident cancer cases were observed , including 47 colorectal cancers , 17 stomach cancers , and altogether 29 pancreas , liver and gallbladder cancers .All the subjects investigated were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L) .The 8-year cumulative incidence of digestive system cancers were 405/100 000, 520/100 000 and 787/100 000 in these 3 groups, respectively (Log rank test χ2=8.37, P=0.015 ) .Compared to those with lower hsCRP levels (<1 mg/L ) , the women with higher hsCRP (>3 mg/L) had a significantly increased risk of pancreas , liver and gallbladder cancers ( HR =2.70, 95%CI =1.06-6.91;Ptrend=0.036).Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline may be associated with increased risk of certain digestive system cancers .