Early study have been proved that Monoaminergic receptor are playing an important role in the progress of depression.At present,other receptors have been discovered which involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression.This paper is attempted to review the new progress of investigation into glutamate receptors,corticotropin-releasing factor receptors,neurokinin receptors and adrenocorticosteroid receptors related with depression mechanism respectively.

BACKGROUND: Protein drugs such as insulin are usually used in the form of injection due to its low oral administration bioavailability. For the purpose of higher bioavailability, the common method is to encapsulate the drug into algitnate/chitosan microspheres, which introduced polysaccharides to accelerate biological absorption or reduce demolition of protease. OBJECTIVE: To construct alginate/chitosan microspheres containing cationic?-cyclodextrin polymer (CP?CD) /insulin complex for insulin oral delivery system, in addition, to inspect the influence of the charge density of cationic ?-cyclodextrin polymers on insulin release performance in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The contrast observation experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University from November 2006 to July 2008. MATERIALS: ?-cyclodextrin, epichlorohydrin was supplied by Tianjin Bodi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Choline chloride and alginate was provided by Kelong Reagent Company, chitosan was purchased from Golden-shell Biochemical Co., Ltd. And insulin was produced by Wanbang Biochemical Pharmaceutical Company. METHODS: Cationic ?-cyclodextrin polymer was synthesized through a one-step polymerization of ?-cyclodextrin, epichlorohydrin and choline chloride. It was combined with insulin and then encapsulated into alginate/chitosan microspheres. In vitro insulin release behavior of the microsphere was studied in simulative gastrointestinal fluid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The entrapment efficiency, as well as insulin release in simulative gastrointestinal fluid. RESULTS: The charge density of CP?CD had a great impact on the insulin association efficiency of microspheres. The maximum association efficiency could reach (76.3?1.5)%. It showed that cumulative insulin release of microspheres containing CP?CD was less than that of the control group in simulated gastric fluid. The insulin released was 5.8 IU in simulated intestinal fluid, which was higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: Alginate/chitosan microsphere containing CP?CD/insulin complex is a promising system for improving insulin oral delivery efficiency.

s pedicel.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral and external application of Chinese medicine combined with Ilizarov external fixator and the accordion technique for severe chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia.Methods A total of 78 patients with severe chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia were randomized into a routine treatment group and a combined treatment group, 39 in each group. All the patients in the two groups received external fixation by use of Ilizarov external fixator and the accordion technique. All the patients in the combined treatment group received oralGuyu decoction. The patients who had large wound received vacuum-sealing drainage in the routine treatment group, and vacuum-sealing drainage combined with external application ofShengji-Yuhong plaster in the combined treatment group. All the patients were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 2 years. The time to wound healing and fracture healing, and the drainage time were compared between the two groups. Functional and radiologic findings were evaluated according to Paley's criteria. The functions of the knee joint and ankle joint were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and the scoring system of Baird and Jackson, respectively.Results The time to wound healing (17.33 ± 6.21 dvs. 22.27 ± 8.12 d;t=3.018,P=0.004) and the time to fracture healing (32.25 ± 6.02 weeks vs. 36.37 ± 7.75 weeks;t=2.623,P=0.011), and the drainage time (17.01 ± 4.66 dvs. 21.51 ± 5.23 d;t=4.012, P<0.001) in the combined treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the routine treatment group. According to Paley's criteria, the patients who achieved a score of excellent or good for fracture healing (84.6%vs. 53.8%;χ2=7.282,P=0.007) and function (92.3%vs. 66.7%;χ2=6.369,P=0.012) in the combined treatment group were significantly more than those in the routine treatment group. The scores of the HSS knee score (84.56 ± 7.42vs. 78.81 ± 5.33;t=3.391,P=0.002) and the scoring system of Baird and Jackson (85.01 ± 8.21vs. 79.21 ± 6.78;t=3.402,P=0.024) in the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in the routine treatment group.Conclusion OralGuyu decoction and external application ofShengji-Yuhong plaster combined with Ilizarov external fixator and the accordion technique can promote recovery of the joint function, fracture healing and wound healing.

BACKGROUND:Major complication after total hip replacement was instability in the form of dislocation. The probability of above complications has a great relationship with the mistakes of the angle of acetabular cup prosthesis. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of angle of acetabular cup in total hip replacement on the safety of joint flexion and extension. METHODS: A total of 60 patients, who underwent total hip replacement in the Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University from January 2012 to December 2014, were enroled in this study. Three dimensional directional monitoring device, CT scanning and image processing tools were used to preset the angle of the acetabular cup and to set abduction angle and anteversion angle. Test data were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Acetabular cup was implanted under five different conditions: abduction angle 45°, anteversion angle 15°; abduction angle 60°, anteversion angle 15°; abduction angle 30°, anteversion angle 15°; abduction angle 45°, anteversion angle 5°; abduction angle 45°, anteversion angle 25°. According to statistics, in the patients with anteversion angle of 15°, when the acetabular cup was placed, the bigger the abduction angle, the bigger the range of abduction angle of the acetabular cup induced by pelvic tilt was. If the anteversion angle increased, the anteversion angle of the acetabular cup was reduced. With the increased pelvic tilt angle, the anteversion angle of the acetabular cup was big. Moreover, in patients with anteversion angle of 15°, the anteversion angle of the acetabular cup should keep consistent. When the abduction angle of the acetabular cup increased, the range of anteversion angle of the acetabular cup induced by pelvic tilt was diminished. These data showed that the abduction angle and anteversion angle of the acetabular cup have mutual restriction. When the acetabular cup was placed, big anteversion angle (15±10)° can wrap the femoral head, reduce the incidence of dislocation, and make flexion and extension safe.

The one-step method was adopted in this study to synthesize aliphatic polyurethane with 4,4-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate(HMDI), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and poly (tetrahydrofuran) (PTMG). The tests conducted on this material were: FIR spectrum, mechanical properties test, water contact angles test, hemolysis test and platelet adhesion test. Results showed that this material has a good tensile strength up to 30 Mpa, similar to aromaphatic polyurethane. But its tensile elongation, tensile permanent change, hydrophility are better than those of aromaphatic polyurethane. The hemolysis test and platelet adhesion test showed that it has good blood compatibility.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; toxicity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; drug effects ; Polyurethanes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Rabbits ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Surface Properties ; Tensile Strength

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of lidocaine on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods Eighty patients aged 28-65 years undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=40 each):lidocaine group (group L) and control group (group C).In group L,patients assigned to received an intravenous bolus infusion of 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine,then followed by 2 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 until the end of operation.Group C received an equal volume of normal saline (100 ml).The patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) of snfentanil after surgery,maintaining VAS score≤3.The Ramsay sedation scores and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) at 2,4,8,12,24 and 48 h after operation were recorded.The consumption of sufentanil within 24 h after operation,the dose of extra sufentanil,the number of delivered doses,the times of postoperative firstly flatus and defecation,the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting,and total hospital stay were also observed.Results Compared with group C,the Ramsay sedation scores and BCS was increased,the consumption of sufentanil within 24 h after operation [(34.8±5.8)μg vs (49.8±12.5)μg],the dose of extra sufentanil [(22.5 ± 2.6) μg vs (46.2 ± 3.8) μg],the number of delivered doses [(20 ± 4)times vs (48± 6) times] was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),the time of postoperative firstly flatus [(17±6)h vs (27±7)h] and defecation [(26±8)h vs (47±9)h] and total hospital stay [(4.5±0.5)d vs (5.6±0.8)d] was significantly shortened (P＜0.05),and the incidence of postoperative nausea (5％ vs 20％) were significantly decreased (P＜0.05) in group L.Conclusion Intravenous infusion of lidocaine can enhance postoperative analgesia and reduce the volume of opioid analgesics,and was beneficial for peristalsis and hospital for patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.

As the operation volume in hospitals is increasing year by year, surgical instruments are widely used, which pose a great challenge to the daily management of surgical instruments. The authors investigated the existing problems which occurred in the management of surgical instruments, and came out with instruments coding navigation index and specialized placement scheme for the operating room as solutions. The specific measures included dividing sterile items into specialized categories, setting cabinets respectively for specialized and general subjects, building equipment coding and identification, establishing surgical instruments navigation index and carrying out training program, to serve as reference for efficient and fine management of surgical instruments.

Objective:To explore the value of nursing checklist in posterior surgery for thoracolumbar fracture with general anesthesia under prone position.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 106 patients with thoracolumbar fracture admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2018 to May 2020. There were 80 males and 26 females，with age range of 25-57 years［（48.6 ± 11.9）years］. Segments of injury were located at T 11 in 18 patients，at T 12 in 26，at L 1 in 21，at L 2 in 25 and at L 3 in 16. All patients were treated with thoracolumbar posterior screw fixation under general anesthesia. Of all，51 patients received conventional postural nursing from June 2018 to May 2019（control group），and 55 patients received prone position nursing scheme for general anesthesia on the basis of conventional postural nursing from June 2019 to May 2020（verification group）. The incidence of postoperative complications including stress injury，brachial plexus injury，ulnar nerve injury and ocular discomfort as well as length of hospital stay and patients’ satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale（VAS）and Oswestry disability index（ODI）were also used to measures outcome at postoperative 3 months. Results:All patients were followed up for 8-12 months［（10.5±0.9）months］. Verification group and control group showed significant differences in the incidence of stress injury（4%∶29%），brachial plexus injury（4%∶16%）and ocular discomfort consisiting of tears（2%∶12%），foreign body sensation（0%∶4%）and dryness（4%∶16%）（ P < 0.05），not in ulnar nerve injury and blurred vision. Length of hospitalization in verification group was（7.0±1.3）days，significantly shorter than that in control group［（9.9±1.9）days］（ P < 0.05）. Satisfaction of patients in verification group and control group was 85%（47/55）and 69%（35/51），respectively（ P < 0.05）. At 3 months postoperatively，VAS in verification group［（1.9 ± 0.8）points］was significantly lower than that in control group［（3.5±1.1）points］（ P < 0.05），and ODI was similar between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. Conclusions For patients with thoracolumbar fracture treated by posterior surgery with general anaesthesia under prone position，nursing checklist helps reduce occurrence of the related complication，shorten length of hospital stay，improve patient satisfaction，reduce postoperative pain and promote rehabilitation.

Blood pressure is an important physiological index that can reflect the function of the heart and blood vessels. Compared with other methods, oscillometric measurement has the advantages of strong noise immunity, simple operation and low cost, which is the most widely used technology for blood pressure measurement. In this paper, we reviewed and discussed the key technologies of measuring blood pressure, such as pre-processing method of oscillation envelope and blood pressure estimation technique. The latter include traditional wave method, waveform morphology method, the methods based on the model and machine learning. At last, we have a look forward to its future development direction.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; instrumentation ; Heart ; Oscillometry ; Technology