We reviewed the role of COX-2 independent targets of celecoxib and related compounds in cancer prevention and treatment. Direct non-COX-2 targets of celecoxib might be protein-dependent kinase 1 (PDK-1),Ca+ ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and so on; all of which are inhibited by celecoxib and are the main components in various pathways. Inhibition of these proteins leads to the induction of apoptnsis, the inhibition of cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, which are the main mechanisms by which celecoxib exerts its anticarcinogenic activity.

objective: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on coronary circulation in dogs and to compare its effects with those of isoflurane. Method:Eighteen mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentothal 20mg/kg and atracurium 0.8mg/kg. After intubation, thoracotomy was performed and a 3.0 or 3.5mm pulsed Doppler flow probe was placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery. The dogs were randomly assigned to receive desflurane,sevoflurane or isoflurane with the values of MAC being 7.2%, 2.3% and 1.28%,respectively. Coronary blood flow(CBF)were recorded 20 min after the period of equilibration at the desired endtidal concentration. Result:CBF was significantly increased in desflurane and isoflurane group at giving concentrations. Unlike isoflurane,CBF in sevoflurane group decreased slightly at low concentration,but increased significantly at high concentration. Conclusion: The effects of desflurane and isoflurane on coronary circulation are similar, but those of sevoflurane and isoflurane are different.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the ciliary artery-circulatory disorders for the supply of optic nerve head area before the sieve plate prozone and sieve plate district, result in the insufficient blood supply of the optic nerve head and ischemia hypoxia, edema. Clinical manifestations of the type with non-artery inflammatory neuropathy and artery inflammatory neuropathy, which would both eventually lead to the irreversible damage to the optic nerve. In the early phase of AION, the main method is giving a glucocorticoids intravenous drip and a periglomerular injection (or retrobulbar injection) in time, but using the glucocorticoids for a long time or in quantity can cause a series of complications. Therefore, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of AION has become more and more significant in clinic.

Glaucoma is an irreversible cause of blindness,and it does serious harm to visual functions.Symptoms of glaucoma,visual impairment,a variety of symptomatic treatment and adverse reactions of drugs result in great obstacles and reduce quality of life.Preventive treatment intervenes glaucoma at an early stage by providing patients with guidance on therapies,diet and daily life,which are effective and may effectively improve their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Naomaitong Recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on the expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nitric-oxide synthases (NOSs) in brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in aged rats and the dosage-effect relationship. METHODS: We adopted the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in aged rats as the focal cerebral ischemia model, with 3-hour ischemia and 12-day reperfusion, and observed the changes of the nerve dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution and the expressions of NF-kappaB, heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and NOSs in cerebral cortex. RESULTS: The nerve dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution, the expressions of NF-kappaB, HSP70, neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in the untreated group were higher than those of the sham-operated group. The nerve dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution, the expressions of NF-kappaB, iNOS and nNOS were lower, while the expressions of HSP70 and eNOS were higher in the high-, medium- and low-dose Naomaitong-treated groups and nimodipine-treated group than those of the untreated-group. The nerve dysfunction score and the expression of nNOS were lower, while the expression of eNOS was higher in the medium-dose Naomaitong-treated group than those of the nimodipine-treated group. The expressions of HSP70 and eNOS were higher, while the other indices were lower in the medium-dose Naomaitong-treated group than those of the low-dose Naomaitong-treated group. CONCLUSION: Naomaitong Recipe can protect the brain cells from damage after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by adjusting the expressions of NF-kappaB, HSP70 and NOSs, and the medium-dose Naomaitong Recipe is more effective.

AIM: To study the purification of Naomaitong Granules(Radix et Rhizoma rhei,Rhizoma chuanxiong,Radix Puerariae lobatae.etc) by macroporous absorption resin. METHODS: Naomaitong Granule was purificated by macroporous absorption resin AB-8.UV spectrothotometry was used to determine the contents of total anthraquinones,total ginsenosides,total alkaloids,and the content of puerarin was determined by HPLC.The technic of purification was optimized according to the content above. RESULTS: The optimized technological conditions consisted of eoncentranon of original sample 120 mg/mL,the diameter and height was in proportion of 1∶10,the ratio of maximum adsorption to resin volume was 1∶6,water elution was 2B multiple of resin volume,8B multiple of resin volume 50% alcohol was the elution. CONCLUSION: AB-8 macroporous absorption resin can be used to purify Naomaitong Granules.

Objective: To study the protective e ects and dosage-e ect relationship of Naomaitong on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in aged rats.Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia model ( ischemia 3h and I/R12d)was duplicated with MCAO.The changes of the nervous dysfunction score ,the water content of cerebral constitution and the expression of TNF-?,VCAM-1,ICAM-1and its mRNA were observed. Results :The nervous dysfunction score ,the water content of cerebral constitution, the expression of TNF-?,VCAM-1,ICAM-1and its mRNA in aged model group were higher than those of the sham-operated group;but all of these were decreased in three Naomaitong groups and Nimodipine group compared with that of aged model group;the nervous dysfunction score and the expression of VCAM-1,ICAM-1 mRNA in Naomaitong group(0.9g?kg-1) were lighter than that of the Nimodipine group;the nervous dysfunction score,the water content of cerebral constitution, the expression of TNF-?,VCAM-1,ICAM-1and its mRNA in Naomaitong group(0.9g.g-1.d-1) were higher than that of Naomaitong group(0.45g?kg-1?d-1).Conclusion :Naomaitong could protect brain cell from damage after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of TNF-?,VCAM-1,ICAM-1, with the middle dose of Naomaitong being more e ective.

Objective To investigate the expression of Smac/DIABLO, XIAP mRNA in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the relationship with the severity in rats.Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham-operation (SO) group, acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) group and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group.The models of AEP and ANP were induced by retrograde injection of 1％ and 3.5％ sodium deoxycholate into the pancreaticobiliary duct respectively.The specimens of pancreatic tissue at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h were collected, pathological changes of the pancreas were observed, apeptosis in pancreas were detected by TUNEL method and the expression of Smac/DIABLO, XIAP mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR.Results Pathological changes of the pancreas confirmed the establishment of AEP and ANP.Apeptosis indexes in SO group, AEP group and ANP group were 0.67±0.82, 6.62 ±0.78 and 4.70 ±0.82, and the differences were significant (P< 0.05).The expression of Smac/DIABLO mRNA of AEP group increased with time, while the expression of ANP group decreased with time.Compared with SO group, Smac/DIABLO mRNA expressions at 6 h in AEP and ANP group were 2.41 ± 0.92 and 1.47± 0.53, and the differences were significant (P<0.05).By contrast, the expressions of XIAP mRNA in AEP group decreased with time,while the expressions in ANP group increased with time.The expressionsof XIAP mRNA at 6 h in AEP and ANP group were 5.51 ± 1.07 and 6.99 ± 1.00, and the differences were significant (P<0.05).Conclusions In acute pancreatitis, the expression of Smac/DIABLO mRNA was consistent with the apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells, but not consistent with the severity of pancreatitis.The expression of XIAP mRNA was consistent with the severity of pancreatitis.Smac/DIABLO, XIAP mRNA is associated with regulation of apoptosis.

AIM: To study the mechanism of myocardial injury after brain ischemia-reperfusion in aged rats from the changes in Dopamine (DA), Noradrenalin (NE), Epinephrine(E) and Neuropeptide Y(NPY).METHODS: Young (5 months) and aged (20 months or more) rats were divided into model groups and normal control groups, respectively. We observed the following items in rats with 60 minute reperfusion after 30 minute brain ischemia: the pathological changed of myocardium, the activities of lactic dehydrrogenase(LDH), creatine phosphokinase(CPK), the contents of NE, DA, E, NPY. RESULTS:The CPK and LDH activities in the young model rats were higher than those in the young control rats was higher than that in the young control rats (P＜0.05). The serum CPK activity in the aged control rats was higher than that in the young control rats (P＜0.05). The myocardial CPK activity was higher in the aged model rats compared with the young molel rats (P＜0.05) and was higher in aged control rats compared with the young control rats (P＜0.01). The myocardial LDH activity was lower in the aged control rats than that in the young control rats (P＜0.05) and aged model rats (P＜0.01). The serum NE level, the level of NE and DA in the hypothalamus were higher obviously than those in the young control rats. The serum NE contents in the two model groups (young and aged) were higher respectively than the two control rats (young and aged). The following items’ contents were higher in the aged model rats than in the young model rats: serum NE, serum E, hypothalamus NE. The hypothalamus NE and E content was lower in the aged model rats than in te aged control rats. NPY level in the brain tissue was lower in the aged control rats than that in the young control rats and aged model rats (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The myocardial injury after brain ischemia-reperfusion was concerned with the enhanced excitability of sympathetic-adrenal system, espectially in the aged rats. However, the change in myocardial enzyme was not serious in the aged rats compared with young rats.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors for mortality in non-(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV) infected children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP). Methods The data of non-HIV infected children with PCP diagnosed in Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 1,2006 to December 31,2012 were collected. They were divided into survival and non-survival group according to the prognosis. The epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors for mortality were analyzed. Results Sixteen patients were enrolled in this study. Ten of them survived and 6 of them were non-survived. The basic diseases included malignant tumor in 5 patients and non-malignancy diseases in 11 of them. Com-pared with the survival group,the non-survival group had a higher average age [(12. 00 ± 2. 00) years vs. (6. 65 ± 4. 32)years,P=0. 01],higher ratio to need mechanical ventilation (6/6 vs. 4/10,P=0. 04),lower PaO2/FiO2[(73. 88 ±26. 95) mmHg vs. (167. 50 ± 97. 17) mmHg,1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa,P=0. 01] and lower pediatric critical illness score(75. 67 ± 5. 72 vs. 86. 40 ± 8. 88,P=0. 02). There were no differences on sex ratio,kinds of basic diseases,whether with co-infections,the time of immunosuppressant administration, the time from onset to diagnosis,the time from onset to beginning trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy, PaCO2 ,white blood cell counts,lymphocyte counts,CD4+ cell counts,C-reactive protein,and hemoglobin con-centrations between the survival and non-survival group. Conclusion A higher age, need for mechanical ventilation,lower PaO2/FiO2 and lower pediatric critical illness score were risk factors for mortality in non-HIV infected children with PCP.