As one of important sorts of pesticides,organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs) are used widely in the world.They can cause serious environmental problems and have some adverse effects on the health of people and animals.They can induce acute neurotoxicity and delayed neurotoxicity,and result in the damages of organs.The objective of this paper is to provide a brief review of the mechanisms involved in the OPPs-induced hyperglycemia.OPPs can influence body glucose homeostasis by several mechanisms including oxidative stress,nitrosative stress,inhibition of cholinesterase,inhibition of paraoxonase,disturbance in metabolism of liver tryptophan and so on.

Objective To study the effectiveness of Ginsenoside on serum IL-17 and IL-23 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Methods According to the digital table,86 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were randomly divided into two groups,the control group (n =43 cases) and the observation group (n =43 cases).The patients in the control group were treated through prednisone,while the patients in the observation group were treated through prednisone plus ginsenoside.They were all treated for three months,systemic lupus erythematosus activity index(SLEDAI),serum complement 3 (C3),IL-17 and IL-23 were evaluated.Results SLEDAI after treatment were significantly decreased,compared with the control group,the observation group decreased more significantly (t =2.73,P ＜ 0.05).Mtertreatment,serum C3 were significantly elevated,compared with thecontrol group,the observation group increased more significantly(t =3.04,P ＜0.05).After treatment,serum IL-17 and IL-23 were significantly reduced,and after treatment compared with the control group,the observation group decreased more significantly (t =2.13,3.06,all P ＜ 0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 25.6％ in the control group and 7.0％ in the observation group.There was a statistically significance between two groups (x2 =4.89,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ginsenoside can decrease serum IL-17 and IL-23 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To study the ecological characteristics of toxigenic fungi in soil of the suburban villages of Zhangzhou, Fujian. Methods 48 soil samples were collected from 24 natural villages in Zhangzhou and cultured in bengal rose agar plate, then the fungal count and species identification were carried out. Results The numbers of fungi in unit area in 48 soil samples were in the normal rang. 3357 strains of 34 fungal genera were found in sampled soil samples. Fusarium and Penicillium were the dominant genera, as well as Trichoderma, Parcilomyces, Cladosporium which were commonly detectable. 4 strains of Aspergillus flavas were found, 2 of them were toxigenic. Aflatoxin B 1 production were 6?7 ng/g respectively and they didnt produce AFB 2? AFG 1? AFG 2. 2 strains of A. versicolor both produced sterigmatocystin. Conclusion Aspergillus flavus showed lower proportion in mycoflora and weaker capability for producing aflatoxins in soil of suburban villages of Zhangzhou. This data obtained could be used as the basis for agriculture areal programme.

BACKGROUND:Tissue-engineered bone, as an emerging method, is used to repair bone defects, but it is difficult to be used widely because of no nutrient metabolism of implants. Pre-vascularized tissue-engineered bone research is performed for this limitation. Forward-looking and procedural vascular construction prior to artificial grafting is perspective to supply the nutrient metabolism of implants.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the research results and developmental tendency of pre-vascularized bone engineering in vitro using a multilevel analysis.
METHOD:Literature search was performed in CNKI database for Chinese literatures and PubMed database for English literatures from 2000 to 2012. The key words included“tissue-engineered bone, vascularization, implant, osteoblasts, endothelial cel s, co-culture”in Chinese, and“bone engineering, endothelial cel s, osteoblast, implant, cel s co-culture”in English. A review addressing pre-vascularized tissue-engineered bone was completed based on retrieved literature classified according to bone physiological studies, in vitro experimental research and material research.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 60 articles were included in result analysis. Studied have documented that microvascular regeneration in normal bone tissue has an important role in osteogenesis regulation. Current bone tissue engineering research is to simulate this physiological process of vascular regeneration in the human body, and lots of in vitro studies are designed to complete this angiogenic process in bone tissue engineering. It is confirmed that in vitro pre-vascular work is used for bone tissue engineering, especial y for in vivo survival and ossification of tissue-engineered bone, pointing out the developmental direction for the clinical application of tissue-engineered bone.

Objective To study the effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy combined with leflunomide (LEF) on refractory lupus nephropathy (RLN).Methods Thirty-six patients diagnosed as RLN were selected.Several observation parameters were compared before and after cyclophosphamide pulse therapy combined with LEF.The observation parameters included serum albumin,serum complement C3 and C4,systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity index and urinary protein change.The side effects of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy combined with LEF were observed.Results The serum albumin was (20.17 ± 4.09) g/L,complement C3 was (0.40 ± 0.19) g/L,complement C4 was (0.08 ± 0.03) g/L,SLE activity index was 16.06 ± 4.17,and urinary protein was ( 9.79 ± 3.42 ) g/24 h before treatment and (38.10 ± 5.16) g/L,(0.78 ± 0.11 ) g/L,(0.16 ± 0.13)g/L,4.01 ± 1.24,( 1.14 ± 0.59) g/24 h after treatment,and there were significant differences between before treatment and after treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ).During the therapy,side effects were reported in 22 patients.However,these side effects had no impact on the therapy.After further treatment,these side effects gradually decreased and eventually disappeared.Conclusions Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy combined with LEF is effective in treating RLN.Patients' tolerance to the therapy is generally very good.

砄bjective:To study the biocompatability and absorption of ? tricalcium phosphate doped A10 (? TCP A) and ? tricalcium phosphate doped SrO (? TCPs) in the implantation into mandible.Methods:Pieces of ? TCP A,? TCPs or ? TCP (? tricalcium phosphate) in the size of 10 mm?3 mm? 2.5 mm were implanted into the defects of mandible in 48 rabbits.The specimens were obtained 2,4,12 and 24 weeks after operation respectively,measured for size and observed morphologically, the content of Ca,P and S in the specimens was measured with EDAX.Results:The absorption (%) of ? TCP A,? TCPs and ? TCP in 24 weeks was 22,28 and 40 respectively.Bone formation was found in the interface between the mandible and materials in 4 weeks and the amount of new bone in the materials increased in 12～24 weeks.No inflammation was found.The amount of Ca,P and S in the materials was close to that in the mandible of rabbit in 24 weeks.Conclusion:? TCP A and ? TCPs are biocompatable for implantation into bone deffect.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intraoperative use of soluble hemostasis gauze on postoperative pel-vic infection in parturients undergoing cesarean section.Methods Data about cesarean section parturients in obstet-ric group(n=322)and gynaecology group (n =92)were surveyed by clinical follow-up and retrospective analysis method,obstetric group adopted bulk packing of gauze,gynaecology group adopted flat lay packing ,incidence of postoperative pelvic infection between parturients who used soluble hemostasis gauze with different packing meth-ods,as well as with different pieces were compared and analyzed.Results Pelvic infection rate in obstetric group and gynaecology group was 4.04%(13/322)and 0.00%(0/92)respectively,there was no significant difference be-tween two groups(P =0.082 ).In obstetric group,pelvic infection rate in parturients who used ≤3 pieces of solu-ble hemostasis gauze was 0,used >3 pieces was 11 .82%,there was significant difference between the two (P <0.001).Conclusion Rational use of soluble hemostasis gauze in caesarean operation can effectively avoid postopera-tive pelvic infection.

About 5％- 15％ patients suffered from gallbladder stones may have secondary bile duct stones.How to diagnose secondary bile duct stones in time preoperatively or intraoperatively has been a focus of research.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of diagnostic methods of secondary bile duct stones including B ultrasonography,computed tomography,percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,endoscopic ultrasonography,magnetic resonanced cholangiopancreatography,intraoperative cholangiography,intraoperative ultrasonography,choledochoscope,are reviewed.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of botulinum toxin injection and radiofre quency thermal rhizotom in the treatment of primary hemifacial spasm.Methods A total 118 primary hemifacial spasm patients were randomly divided into two groups,who were received botulinum toxinA injections and radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment,respectively.Patients were followed up,and the curative effect,complications and recurrence rates of the two treatments were statistically compared.Results The early curative effect (1 month) for primary hemifacial spasm in botulinum toxin injection group was better than that in radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment group:recurrence rate of long-term (6 months) was 72.5 ％,but caused a very low risk of facial paralysis; radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment had a long-term effect as compared with botulinum toxin injection,6 months recurrence rate was 21.4 ％,with a low rate of postoperative facial paralysis.Conclusions Botulinum toxin injections is higher in short-term effectiveness and smaller in side effects as compared with the treatment of radiofrequency thermal rhizotom. However,radiofrequency thermal rhizotom treatment is more stable in the prospective efficacy.

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