The study was made on 3H-leucine incorporation into brain of offsprings born by their mothers who were fed in severe iodine deficiency area. Control group received an iodine-supplemented diet (1.7mg KIO3/kg food). Disintegration per minute (dpm) was used as an index to assess the 3H-leu-cine incorporation rate in comparision of the two groups.The results of 3H-leucine incorporation into brain showed that the dpm/mg of brain cortex and cerebellum was significantly lower in experimental group than that of control group at the time of 1-14 hours after injection of the preparation on 11-day offsprings (p

Objective Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk for multi-organ failure and death. Few well-established scoring systems have been used in the cardiac surgery. We try to identify a feasible score system for the risk assessment after CABG. Methods 1028 consecutive patients who had received CABG and staying in a single cardiac postoperative intensive care unit of Anzhen hospital were enrolled in the prospective study between October of 2007 and May of 2008 and assessed daily with three score systems, the multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS), the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and our postoperative score for cardiac surgery (PSCS). Four new variances were added to PSCS system, which were Euroscore, IABP, ECMO and dialysis. Euroscore was considered as a preoperative factor which provided the preoperative information of the patient. IABP and ECMO were considered as assistant factors to support circulatory system. The dialysis was also considered as an assistant factor to support renal system. The differences with the respects of sensitivity and specificity among the three systems were compared with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve. Results The new variances added to PSCS system were shown to be associated with mortality in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The EXP(B) value for Euroscore was 3. 803, the EXP(B) value for IABP was 1. 645, the EXP(B) value for ECMO was 3.803, and the EXP(B) value for dialysis was 1.605. In discrimination analysis, ROC values of the operative day score were 0.602 for MODS, 0.571 for SOFA, and 0. 821 for PSCS; ROC values of the maximum score were 0.847 for MODS, 0.830 for SOFA, and 0.929 for PSCS; ROC values of the maximum score during the first 3 days were 0.838 for MODS, 0.814 for SOFA, and 0.919 for PSCS; score changes of ROC value between the third day and the first day were 0.767 for MODS, 0.779 for SOFA, and 0. 780 for PSCS. In calibration analysis, we compared the x2 values, P values and overall corrected percentage of the three different systems. x2 values of the three systems were 6. 763 for MODS, 4. 101 for SOFA, and 1.687 for PSCS; P values of the three systems were 0.454 for MODS, 0. 848 for SOFA, and 0. 975 for PSCS; overall corrected percentages of the three systems were 98.1%, 98%, and 98.3% respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of PSCS were superior to MODS and SOFA in predicting death risk after CABG.

Objective To explore the developmental tendency of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior and the relationship between extroversive behavior and personality and family environment.Methods 856 eco-migrant children(aged 6-16)participated in the present longitudinal study.At first time the Child behavior checklist(CBCL),Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and Family environment scale (FES) were used to assess their behavioral problems,personality and family environment.Participants' parents subsequently completed measures assessing behavioral problems every nine months for 27 months.Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling analyses.Results The scores of extroversive behavior in eco-migrant children were(10.09±7.11) at first time,(7.66±7.56) at the second wave,(8.54±7.49)at the third wave and(8.11±7.33) at the last time.During the longitudinal period,the descending trend of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior was significant (β=-0.51,P＜0.05).The scores of psychoticism,neuroticism,family conflict,organization,cohesion and cultural factors were differently correlated with children's extroversive behavior (β=-0.67-0.32,P＜0.05).Family conflict predicted the developmental trend of children's externalizing (β=-0.46,P＜0.05).Conclusion During the longitudinal period,the level of eco-migrant children's extroversive behavior decreased,and personality and family environment have significant influences on it.

In the program entitled "Studies and Practice on the Community-Oriented Teaching Model of Preventive Medicine for Non-Preventive Medicine Specialty", we have renovated the curricular arrangements, textbooks, teaching contents and methods of traditional preventive medicine for non-preventive medicine specialty so as to explore a new pattern of teaching preventive medicine for non-preventive medicine specialty in West China.

The teaching reform on functional experiment is an attractive problem of the medical teaching development at present. Our school has opened the course of functional experiment according to integrating and recombining with physiology, pathologic physiology and pharmacology, which brought into playing a positive role in enhancing the medical students' capability of practice, the comprehensive application of knowledge and the consciousness of innovation. However, some problems still exist and further practice is needed for more improvement.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of µ-opioid receptors (µ-ORs) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) on feeding and drinking behaviors in rats and evaluate the role of glutamate signaling in opioid-mediated ingestive behaviors.

METHODSStainless steel cannulas were implanted in the unilateral CeA for microinjection of different doses of the selective µ-OR agonist DAMGO in satiated or water-deprived male SD rats. The subsequent food intake or water intake of the rats was measured at 60, 120, and 240 min after the injection. The rats receiving microinjections of naloxone (NTX, a nonselective opioid antagonist) or D-AP-5 (a selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-type glutamate receptor antagonist) prior to DAMGO microinjection were tested for food intake at 60, 120, and 240 min after the injections.

RESULTSInjections of DAMGO (1-4 nmol in 0.5 µl) into the CeA significantly increased food intake in satiated rats, but did not affect water intake in rats with water deprivation. NTX (26.5 nmol in 0.5 µl) injected into the CeA antagonized DAMGO-induced feeding but D-AP-5 (6.3-25.4 nmol in 0.5 µl) injections did not produce such an effect.

CONCLUSIONµ-ORs in the CeA regulate food intake rather than water intake in rats, and the orexigenic role of µ-ORs is not dependent on the activation of the NMDA receptors in the CeA.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus ; physiology ; Drinking ; physiology ; Eating ; physiology ; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- ; pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone ; pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; physiology

Objective:To investigate the current use situation of hemostatics in preventing re-bleeding in the patients with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. Methods:The records of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were selected from a hospital in 2016 and the types,dosage,course and drug adverse reactions of hemostatics were recorded and evaluated according to the drug information leaflets/related guideline,drug utilization researches and adverse drug actions monitoring. Results:Totally 81 cases with hemostatics involved 3 varieties of hemostatic drugs,the combination proportion was 16.05%,the reasonable use rate was 86.42%,the reasonable rate of administration route was 100%,the reasonable solvent rate was 98.77% and the course no more than 72 h was 88.89%. The drug uti-lization index of etamsylate injection and tranexamic acid injection was greater than one,indicating that the dosage was unreasonable. There were no adverse reactions in the 81 cases.Conclusion:The use of hemostatics in the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage is common,and there is still unreasonable use (such as dosage and course etc) that we should pay attention to.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high-fat (HF) diet on the body weight and the mRNA expression of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) and leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in the adipose tissue in rats, the two important and opposite factors in regulating the body weight. METHODS: Post-weaning rats were divided into 3 groups: the NC group were fed a normal-chow diet (NC) (13% calories from fat), the HF group with a HF-diet (47% calories from fat) and the PHF group pair-fed a HF-diet (47% calories from fat). At the end of 8th week, the gained bodyweight, the plasma melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and leptin, and the expression levels of MCHR1 and OB-Rb in the adipose tissue were measured. RESULTS: Both the HF-diet and pair-fed HF-diet enhanced the body weight (P<0.01), plasma MCH (P<0.01) and leptin concentrations (P<0.05). In the adipose tissue, HF-diet resulted in significant increase in MCHR1 (PHF group,P<0.05) and decrease in OB-Rb mRNA levels (HF group,P<0.01; PHF group,P<0.05). No statistical difference was found between the HF group and the PHF group in terms of the aforementioned data (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Chronic intake of iso-caloric HF-diet and ad libitum HF-diet obviously results in increase in the body weight, serum leptin, and MCH concentration. Diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders are possibly correlated with up-regulated expression of MCHR1 and down-regulated expression of OB-Rb in the adipose tissue.
Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Hypothalamic Hormones ; blood ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Melanins ; blood ; Obesity ; etiology ; metabolism ; Pituitary Hormones ; blood ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Leptin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Somatostatin ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdale (CeA) in food and water intake.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats with stainless steel cannulae implanted unilaterally into the CeA were used. The prototypic NMDA receptor agonist NMDA, or the selective NMDA receptor antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP-5) was microinjected into the CeA of satiated and euhydrated rats.

RESULTSIntra-CeA injection of 8.50, 17.00, or 34.00 nmol NMDA did not alter food intake but significantly increased water intake 0-1 h after the injection (F(3,32)=3.191, P=0.037) independent of food intake. Without affecting the food intake, injection of 6.34, 12.70, or 25.40 nmol D-AP-5 into the CeA significantly decreased water intake 0-1 h after the injection (F(3,28)=3.118, P=0.042) independent of food intake.

CONCLUSIONNMDA receptors in the CeA may participate in the control of water intake rather than food intake.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; Amygdala ; drug effects ; Animals ; Drinking ; drug effects ; Eating ; drug effects ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists ; pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; N-Methylaspartate ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of µ-opioid receptors (MOR) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in modulating sucrose solution intake in rats.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats received intra-CeA injection of MOR agonist DAMGO or saline, and then underwent two bottle choice test between sucrose solution and distilled water. After intake of sucrose solution or distilled water, activated neurons in the CeA were labeled and identified with MOR/Fos-double labeling immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSCompared with saline injection, intra-CeA injection of DAMGO significantly increased sucrose solution intake in rats over a 3-h period. Sucrose solution intake induced significantly more c-Fos and MOR/Fos double-labeled neurons in the CeA than distilled water intake.

CONCLUSIONSThe CeA participates in modulation of sucrose intake in rats, and MOR may partly mediate this mechanism.

Amygdala ; metabolism ; Animals ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, mu ; metabolism ; Sucrose ; metabolism