Objective To compare the successful ratio, efficacy and complications between ultrasound-guided and X-ray-guided endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD). Methods EBD was performed in 62 patients under ultrasound guidance and 54 patients under X-ray guidance. Serum bilirubin, the bile duct diameter and the changes of clinical symptoms were compared before and after the procedure. Results Tube placement was successfully achieved in 54 of 62 patients under ultrasound guidance and 51 of 54 patients under X-ray guidance. The serum direct bilirubin and the common bile duct diameter in patients with ultrasound guidance before and one week after procedure were (205.41±115.27) μmol/L vs. (106.47±82.16) μmol/L and (12.6±7.1) mm vs. (8.5±3.1) mm, respectively, with significant difference (all P values<0.05). Whereas they were (211.14±106.25) μmol/L vs. (110.89±59.47) μmol/L and (13.1±7.0) mm vs. (8.8± 3.2) mm, respectively, in patients with X-ray guidance (P<0.05). No complications such as abdominal pain, fever and elevated amylase were found in patients with ultrasound guidance, while 3 patients (5.9%) with X-ray guidence had above complications. Conclusions X-ray is a most effective method in guidance of EBD. However, ultrasound guidence, which may avoid unfavorable factors such as X-ray radiation and allergic contrast agent, has some advantages including real-time display, mobile convenience and emergency bedside application. It can instead of X-ray in performance of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage in patients with bile duct stone and mild narrow ducl caused by tumors.

Objective To make a comparative assessment on both the therapeutic effects and side effects between percutaenous lauromacrogol injection therapy(PLIT) and percutaenous ethanol injection therapy(PEIT) for simple hepatic or renal cyst.Methods In group A,55 patients with simple hepatic or renal cysts underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration and successive PLIT.The intra-operative side effects were investigated and the therapeutic effects assessment by using ultrasonography was conducted 3 months after the treatment.In group B,60 patients with simple hepatic or renal cysts had received ultrasound-guided aspiration and PEIT sometime before.The intra-operative side effects and therapeutic effects on the thirdmonth ultrasonography were independently reviewed according to their case records.Results In group A,3 patients(5.5 ％) expressed slight discomfort but not pain while receiving lauromacrogol injection.Follow-up ultrasound examination at the end of third month demonstrated the cysts in 43 patients completely regressed,while cysts in rest 12 patients shrank over 50 ％ in size,showing the overall response rate(ORR) and completely cure rate(CCR) were 100％ (55/55) and 78.2％ (43/55) for PLIT respectively.In group B,12 patients(20％) suffered from slight to moderate irritating pain or drunk performance.The third-month ultrasound examination disclosed that cysts in 47 patients completely vanished,and cysts in the other 13patients shrank more than a half,indicating the ORR and CCR were 100％ (60/60) and 78.3 ％ (47/60) for PEIT respectively.Conclusions Although their therapeutic efficacy are perfectly similar,PLIT is much more superior to PEIT in term of less and minor side effects.

Objective Pulmonary embolism is a common cardiovascular emergency with the characteristics of high incidence,high mortality.This study compared pulmonary artery catheter thrombolysis with peripheral intravenous thrombolysis for acute pulmonary embolism in the mid-term clinical efficacy.Methods From June 2011 to September 2015,68 patients were given pulmonary artery interventional therapy,54 cases received peripheral intravenous thrombolysis;discharged patients were followed up for 3-12 months to evaluate the curative rate,effective rate,recurrence rate and the incidence of complications.Results Follow up rate was 79.5％.The cure rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (47.3 ％ vs 23.8 ％,P ＜ 0.05);The significant effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (81.8％ vs 52.4％,P ＜ 0.05);The incidence of Chronic pulmonary hypertension (1.8％) was lower than that of the control group (16.7％);There was no significant difference in improvement rate,recurrence rate and mortality.Conclusion The medium-term efficacy of pulmonary artery catheter directed thrombolysis is superior to that of peripheral intravenous thrombolysis;it can effectively reduce the incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To analyze the flavonoid content of common vegetables consumed in China.Method Forty-six vegetables were sampled from Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai and Hangzhou.The contents of quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,myricetin,apigenin were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography.Results Mei celery sampled from Hangzhou was the highest in content of 5 flavonoids among 46 vegetables.Quercetin distributed more widely and was more abundant than other flavonoids in vegetables.The daily intake of 5 flavonoids from vegetables by Chinese people was estimated to be 13.90 mg,in which quercetin accounted for 51.1%.Conclusion The content of flavonoids varies significantly among different vegetables and quercetin is the most common flavonoid contained in vegetables.The dietary intake of flavonoids was more from vegetables than fruits in Chinese people.

Objective To analyze the flavonoid content of common fruits consumed in China.Method Thirty-eight fruits were sampled from Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai and Hangzhou.The contents of quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,myricetin,apigenin were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography.Results Pomegranate and hawthorn were the highest in contents of 5 flavonoids among 38 fruits.Quercetin distributed more widely and was more abundant than other flavonoids in fruits.The daily intake of 5 flavonoids from fruits by Chinese people was estimated to be 2.80 mg.Conclusion The content of flavonoids varies significantly among different fruits and quercetin is the most common flavonoid contained in fruits.

Object In order to identify the resources of official and unofficial plants in Rheum L.at molecular level, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed. Methods The amplification program of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized. Arbitrary decamer primers of 121 based on the individual selecting method, and 64 based on the BSA method were screened. Results Four primers among all screened primers were found to be useful to amplify specific strips to the official plants of Rheum L. Conclusion This method is reliable, accurate, quick and reproducible for authenticating the official and unofficial plants of Rheum L. at molecular level. Moreover, the experiment results indicate that it is more effective to screen the primers using BSA method than using individual selecting method.

Objective To discuss the differences and causes of earlier and later complications of nitinol stent implantation for patients with benign or malignant tracheobronchial stenosis.Methods Sixty patients with tracheobronchial stenosis analyzed retrospectively the incidence of earlier and later complications of nitinol stent implantation.Results In the earlier period,the incidence rate of postoperative hemoptysis of patients with malignant tracheobronchial stenosis was higher than that of benign patients, but its incidence of granulation tissue formation in airway was less than that of benign ones.In the later period, the incidence of pulmonary infection and granulation tissue formation of patients with malignant tracheobronchial stenosis were higher than those of benign ones. Conclusions It is more effective modus with nitinol stent implantation for patients with airway stenosis, but there were great differences of postoperative complications between malignant and benign tracheobronchial stenosis.

Objective To construct survivin-targeting siRNA-expressing plasmid.Methods DNA sequence correspond to siRNA targeting survivin was designed and synthesized,and cloned into plasmid pRNAT-U6.1/Neo to produce surviving-targeting plasmid.Two oligos in the template with cohesive BamHⅠ and HindⅢ sites were prepared and annealled to form the insert fragment for siRNA vector.The vector was cut with BamHⅠ and HindⅢ and ligated with the insert fragment using T4 ligase.The recombinant vector was confirmed by restriction digestion and DNA sequencing,and then was transfected into T24 cells with Lipofectamine TM2000 and the expression of survivin was detected by real-time quantitive PCR.Results DNA sequencing for the PCR product showed that the recombinant vector pRNAT-U6.1/Neo-survivin was successfully constructed without any base pair mutation.The plasmid pRNAT-U6.1/Neo-survivin could efficiently reduce the expression of survivin and confer G-418 resistance in T24 cells.Conclusion The siRNA-expressing plasmid which were successfully constructed and transfected into T24 cells in this study may facilitate the application of RNA interference technique,and lay foundation for further studies on the function of survivin.

Objective To evaluate indwelling intrapulmonary artery catheter thromolysis for acute pulmonary embolism.Methods From June 2011 to June 2013 56 cases of acute pulmonary embolism were diagnosed by multi-row spiral CT and admitted at the Department of Vascular Surgery.The average age was (56 ± 11) years.Inferior vena cava filter was implanted and pulmonary angiography,catheter thrombectomy,indwelling pulmonary intraarterial thrombolytic therapy was performed.Postoperatively low molecular weight heparin and warfarin was given,dosage adjusted by prothrombin international normalized ratio at 2-3.Results Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) decreased from (43 ± 7) mmHg to (22 ± 6) mmHg (P ＜ 0.05),arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) rose from (49 ± 8) mmHg to (83 ± 9) mmHg (P ＜ 0.05).Clinical symptoms significantly relieved in 51 out of the 56 cases (91％).45 patients were followed up for an average of (15 ± 4) months,with one recurrence.There was no filter migration,vena cava thrombosis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other complications.Conclusions Emergency pulmonary artery indwelling catheter thrombolysis is safe and effective therapy for acute pulmonary thromboembolism.

Objective To evaluate the value of ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the diagnosis of infection and its correlation with drug concentrations in renal transplant recipients.Methods 45 renal transplant recipients were reviewed from May 2010 to October 2011.There were 33males and 12 females,aged from 21 to 58 years old.The recipients were divided into non-infection group (n =34) and infection group (n =11) according to their clinical manifestation.11 cases of infection were diagnosed by the chest X-ray,CT imaging manifestations and etiological examination,among them 5 cases were pulmonary infection,4 cases were upper respiratory infection,1 case was urinary tract infection and 1 case was perineal abscess.23 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group.They were detected ATP content of CD4+T lymphocytes by Immuknow method.Thetrough concentrations of the FK506 and CsA were detected by microparticle enzyme immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay,respectively.The hs-CRP concentration was detected by immunoturbidimetry.Results The ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes of the control group,non infection group and the infection group were (295±74) μg/L,(35± 189) μg/L and (212± 155) μg/L respectively.The levels of ATP of infection group were obviously lower than the control group and non-infection group.There were statistically differences (P ＜0.05).24 recipients were followed up dynamicly.There were 4 cases whose ATP value was lower than the postoperative average levels in 5 infection recipients.The hs-CRP concentration of infection group were (12.4±4.8) mg/L,obviously higher than the non infection group's (3.3 ± 4.7) mg/L and the control group' s (0.5 ± 0.5) mg/L.There were statistically differences (P＜0.05).The ATP content of CD4+ T lymphocytes were no significant associated with drug trough concentrations (P＞0.05).Conclusions Low ATP level after renal transplantation is a risk factor for infection recipients.Immuknow cell function assay can make up for the inadequacy of the drug concentration monitoring,reduce the risk of infection,and guide clinical immunosuppressive adjustment.